RU2553386C2 - Device of formulation on various optimisation criteria of economically best feed ration and making economically best feed mixture with programmable growth of animals and poultry and in presence of information on consumption of feed mixture by them taking into account their function of loss of productivity - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture. The device comprises a setting device of signal of real age of livestock population (1), a unit of setting devices of signals of intermediate control signals (2), a unit of setting devices of signals of economically optimal feed doses (3), the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverting inputs of the comparison circuits unit of feed dose signals (4), the second corresponding inverting inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the unit of setting devices of signals of real feed doses (5), the outputs of the comparison circuits unit of feed dose signals (4) are connected to the corresponding inputs of the unit of feed dispensers (6), the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer (7), at which output the economically optimal feed mixture (8) is formed. The device comprises the setting device of the simulated signal of livestock population age (9), the setting device of the simulated signal of feed mixture dose with a maximum weight gain of livestock population (10), the setting device of the simulated signal of feed mixture dose with a minimum weight gain of livestock population (11), the computer unit of signal of live weight of livestock population in the initial stage of growing (12), the computer unit of signals of economically optimal ration in the initial stage of growing (13), the computer unit of signal of live weight of livestock population in the final stage of growing (14), the computer unit of signals of economically optimal ration in the final stage of growing (15), the comparison circuit of signals of live weight of livestock population in the initial and final stage of growing (16), the signal conditioner of switching off the mode of calculation of maximum weight gain and transmitting to the mode of calculation of the minimum weight gain (17), the unit of controlled keys (18), the signal coincidence circuit (19), the unit of generators of control signals or interface of decision-maker (20), the setting device of signal of type of optimisation criterion (21), the measuring unit of the signal of feed mixture flow rate (22), the setting device of signal of value of the estimated feed mixture dose (23), the unit of the setting devices of signals of coefficients of functions of estimated productivity loss of animal or poultry (24).

EFFECT: control of technological processes of formulation of the ration of feed mixture is ensured, increase in accuracy of determining of feed doses in the feed mixture.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, to the technology of making feed rations and feeding farm animals and poultry and can be used in industries of livestock and poultry.

A device for preparing an economical feed ration and economical feeding of animals and poultry is known, which ensures the determination of the economically best diet and the best daily dose of the feed mixture (feed mixture) (in this prototype it is indicated “feed”, in the sense of feed mixture), obtaining the highest value of the accepted for managing the economic criterion (sign, indicator) of profit growth from technological processes of preparing feed mixtures and feeding livestock (RF Patent 2462864. Device for compiling th feed ration and cost of feeding livestock and poultry / Dubrovin AV et al. // BI №28, 2012).

As a result of the use of this invention (prototype), such quantitative values of the feed components are established (in this prototype it is indicated “feed ingredients”) in the dose of the feed mixture and the dose of feed mixture itself, at which the highest profit growth at the given time from the action of the most expensive technological feed preparation and feeding of animals and birds.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the impossibility of controlling the technological processes of preparing the feed ration and feeding the livestock according to another technical and economic criterion of optimization in order to achieve the highest technical and economic efficiency of these processes in the technical and economic situation at the agricultural enterprise (problems with resources, with the number of animals or poultry etc.).

Another disadvantage of this technical solution is the impossibility of economical control of technological processes of making an economic ration of feed mixtures and limited feeding of livestock at the final stage of raising animals and poultry, when most of the feed mix is not used to increase live weight, but simply to maintain the life of an animal or bird with a large live weight . Another disadvantage of this technical solution is the lack of information on the consumption of feed mixtures by animals and poultry. Therefore, it is quite difficult to control the technological processes of compiling the feed mixture ration and feeding the livestock with high accuracy without taking into account such information about various optimization criteria, the feed mixture consumption, in order to achieve the highest technical and economic efficiency of these processes in the technical and economic situation that is developing at the agricultural enterprise (problems with resources , with a livestock of animals or birds, etc.). The decrease in the increase in live weight of the livestock and poultry should immediately lead to an increase in the estimated loss of livestock productivity, which are represented by the calculated loss functions and which can be modified using various coefficients of mathematical models of these functions. Changing the type of loss functions will automatically affect the result of the corresponding recalculation of the economically best diet of the new feed mixture, which prevents the indicated decrease in the increase in live weight of the livestock and poultry. Without correction of the values of the coefficients of the productivity loss functions and in the absence of information on feed consumption by animals and poultry, the technology of composing the ration and dosing the feed mixture will remain the same, which will lead to a clear cost overrun of expensive feed in the feed mixture. Therefore, a new technical solution should be able to act in the final stage of raising animals and poultry if there is information about the consumption of feed mixtures by animals and poultry in various emerging technical, technological and economic conditions of production at an agricultural enterprise. Thus, the new technical solution should also be able to act simultaneously if there is information about the consumption of feed mixture by animals and poultry and changes in the type of productivity loss functions in various emerging technical, technological and economic conditions of production at an agricultural enterprise. Therefore, it is necessary to significantly expand the functionality of the method and device, which requires the use of information on the consumption of feed mixtures by animals and birds in the process of drawing up diets.

The objective of the invention is the automated control of the technological processes of compiling the feed mixture according to various technical and economic optimization criteria, the automated control of the technological processes of compiling the economically best feed mixture and the preparation of the economically best feed mixture in the final stage of raising animals and poultry, when most of the feed mixture does not go to live growth mass, but simply to maintain the life of an animal or bird with a large live weight, etc. Available information about the consumption of animal feed mixtures and bird species and changes productivity loss functions, improving the accuracy of determining doses of feed in feed mixes, feed mixture flow to the most appropriate processes improve control accuracy kormoprigotovleniya if information about their consumption of feed mixtures in the final stage of growing animals and poultry. Thus, the object of the invention is to expand the arsenal of technical means of a similar purpose, namely, to compose a feed ration and prepare a feed mixture for animals and poultry.

As a result of the use of the invention, it is possible to control the technological process of preparing an economical feed ration for achieving the highest technical and economic efficiency of this process according to one or another economic optimization criterion in order to achieve the highest economic efficiency of these processes in the technical and economic situation taking shape at an agricultural enterprise (problems with resources, with a livestock of animals or birds, etc.), and provide This is the automated control of the technological processes of compiling the economically best diet of the feed mixture and preparing the economically best feed mixture and in the final stage of raising animals and poultry, when most of the feed mixture is not used to increase live weight, but to maintain the life of an animal or bird with a large live weight, and if there is information about their consumption of feed mixtures and changes in the type of functions of productivity losses in order to achieve the highest technical and economic efficiency of these processes in the technical and economic situation at the agricultural enterprise, which allows saving costly feed. Significantly increases the accuracy of determining the doses of feed in the feed mixture, the consumption of the feed mixture for a corresponding increase in the accuracy of control of the processes of feed preparation in the presence of information about their consumption of feed mixture in the final stage of raising animals and poultry. Thus, the technical result, in turn, lies in the implementation by the device of the declared purpose of the preparation of the feed ration and preparation of the feed mixture for animals and poultry.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and preparation of the economically best fodder mixture with programmable growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about their consumption of feed mixtures, taking into account the functions of loss of their productivity, contains a signal generator of the livestock age, block setters of intermediate control signals, a set of setters for signals of economically optimal feed doses, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverting inputs of the feed dose signal signal comparison circuit block, to the second corresponding inverting inputs of which the feed dose signal input signal generator sets are connected, and the outputs of the feed dose signal comparison signal circuit block are connected to the corresponding inputs of the feed metering unit, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer, at the output of which an economically optimal feed mixture is formed, while the simulator of a simulated livestock age signal is entered into the device, the simulator is simulated the feed signal of the feed mixture at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock, the simulator of the simulated signal of the feed mixture at the minimum increase in live weight of the livestock, the calculator of the signal of live weight of the livestock in the initial stage of cultivation, the calculator of signals of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation, the calculator of the live weight of the livestock in the final growing stages, a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing, a comparison scheme of live weight signals in the initial and final stages of growing, a shaper of a signal to turn off the mode of calculating the maximum increase in live weight and transition to the mode of calculating the minimum increase in live weight, a block of controlled keys, a circuit for matching signals, a block of shapers of control signals or an interface of a decision maker, a signal generator of the form optimization criterion, meter of the feed mixture flow signal, setpoint generator of the estimated feed mixture signal, block of signal setters for the coefficients of the loss function of the estimated production animal or bird, while the output of the simulator of the livestock age signal is connected to the inputs of the simulator of the feed mixture dose at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock and the master of the simulated feed mixture signal at the minimum increase in live weight of the livestock and to the first input of the signal matching circuit, the output of the simulated feed dose signal at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the calculator of the live weight of the livestock of the growing stage and the economically optimal diet signal calculator in the initial growing stage, the output of the simulated feed mixture dose generator with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the live weight signal calculator in the final growing stage and the economical optimal diet signal calculator in the final growing stage , the outputs of the live weight signal calculator in the initial stage of growing and the live weight signal calculator in the final stage of growing are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the circuit for comparing live weight signals in the initial and final stages of growing, the output of which is connected to the second input of the circuit through the shaper of the signal to turn off the mode for calculating the maximum increase in live weight and switching to the mode for calculating the minimum increase in live weight coincidence of signals, to the third input of which the output of the signal generator of the real age of the livestock is connected, and the output of which is connected to the control input of the unit controlled keys, the first and second inputs and the corresponding outputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the economically optimal ration signal calculator in the initial stage of cultivation, to the output of the economically optimal ration signal calculator in the final stage of cultivation and to the corresponding inputs of the unit of signal adjusters of economically optimal feed doses, while the output of the set of controllers of the intermediate control signals is connected to the connection of the second inputs of the signal calculator economically optimal about the diet in the initial stage of cultivation and the calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of cultivation, the first output of the block of control signal shapers or the interface of the person making the decision is connected to the connection of the third inputs of the signal calculator of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation through the signal generator of the calculated dose of the feed mixture and a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet at the final stage of cultivation, the second output of the control formers block signals or interface of the person making the decision, through the signal encoder of the type of optimization criterion connected to the connection of the fourth inputs of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing and the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing, the third output of the block of control signal generators or the interface of the person taking the solution, through the block of signal setters of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of the animal or bird, is connected to to the fifth input of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the initial stage of cultivation and the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the final stage of cultivation, the input of the control signal conditioner unit or the decision maker interface is connected to the output of the feed mixture signal meter.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by example. In the technical solution of the method, a new diet model is used, in which instead of strict restrictions on the content of food components in the diet (traditionally used in energy calculations to optimize diets and feed mixtures), more general economic indicators of diets and feed mixtures are introduced. These are profit, profitability level, general balance (estimated by the level of livestock production losses), provided productivity, payment for feed by products, feed conversion, etc. Diet efficiency indicators:

- profit provided by the diet

- the level of profitability of the diet

- balanced diet

- стоимость продукции, которая может быть получена от животного при полностью сбалансированном рационе, приведенная к одним суткам; П_дисб - потери, вызываемые дисбалансом рациона; С_рац - стоимость рациона.where PR is the profit provided by the diet;

- the cost of production that can be obtained from an animal with a completely balanced diet, reduced to one day; P _disb - losses caused by an imbalance in the diet; With _rat - the cost of the diet.

A fully balanced diet is characterized by SB = 100%, and the presence of an imbalance in nutrition components and ratios, leading to losses, reduces this indicator. The introduced indicators allow you to evaluate and compare diets and feed mixtures from different economic positions and provide the ability to use the same rules for their evaluation by different specialists. A new approach to optimizing diets and feed mixtures allows using up to ten optimization criteria that are different in meaning, adjusting the process of feeding animals and poultry in such a way as to achieve maximum production efficiency in various technical, technological, industrial and economic situations.

Economic indicators of the diet. Diet Cost:

where C _rat - the total cost of feed included in the diet (the cost of the diet); C _feed j is the cost of the j-th feed in the diet; C _{feed j} = C _{n j} × x _j for x _j ∈ [0, M _plj ]; C _{feed j} = C _pj × M _plj + C _zj × (x _j -M _plj ) for x _j ∈ (M _plj , M _maxj ] - the price of the available (“planned”) j-th feed; C _zj - “cash "The price of the j-th feed for the case of its purchase; M _plj is the plan for spending the j-th feed on one goal per day; M _maxj is the maximum allowable content of the j-th feed in the diet. The“ cash "feed price is the sum of the purchase price feed and overhead costs of the enterprise related to the purchase.

Feed Balance:

- стоимость продукции, которая может быть получена от животного или птицы за одни сутки при полностью сбалансированном рационе; П_дисб - общие потери продукции, вызываемые дисбалансом рациона. Прибыль:where SB is the balance of the diet;

- the cost of products that can be obtained from an animal or bird in one day with a completely balanced diet; P _disb - total loss of production caused by an imbalance in the diet. Profit:

where PR is the profit provided by the diet; P _feed - losses arising from a violation of the feed consumption plan. Profitability:

where P is the level of profitability of the diet; P _CJ - loss in value of the animal caused by an imbalance in the diet.

Productivity provided by the diet:

where PROD _about - the daily productivity of the animal, provided by the diet; P _prod - losses in animal productivity caused by an imbalance in the diet; C _prod - unit price.

Criteria for optimizing the diet. Maximum profit: P + C _rac → min. Maximum profitability: P → max.

Maximum balance: P-P _food → min, where P - total loss of productivity, reproduction, health, planned P- _feed ; P _feed - economic losses caused by deviations in the expenditure of feed from the plan:

where y _j (a _j ) - losses arising from a violation of the planned expenditure of the j-th feed; a _j = (x _j / x _plj ); X _PLJ - the planned consumption of the j-th feed.

Maximum productivity: P _prod → min - when optimizing the diet by the criterion “maximum productivity”, losses in productivity are minimized.

Maximum safety of the animal: П _ЦЖ → min - the criterion “maximum safety of the animal” is expressed through minimization of losses in the value of the animal.

Maximum profit with a given balance:

- сбалансированность рациона; СБ - требуемая сбалансированность рациона. «Максимальная прибыль при заданной сбалансированности» обеспечивает достижение максимальной прибыли рациона при сбалансированности не ниже заданной. Максимальная прибыль при стоимости рациона не выше заданной:Where

- balanced diet; SB - the required balance of the diet. “Maximum profit with a given balance” ensures that the maximum profit of the diet is achieved with a balance not lower than a given one. Maximum profit with a ration value not higher than a given:

where C _rat - the cost of the diet; C _{pau ass} - the set value of the diet. “Maximum profit with a ration value not higher than a given” ensures the achievement of a maximum profit margin with a feed cost not higher than a given.

Maximum balanced diet at a predetermined value: PP _feed → min at C ≤S _{rac rac ass} - achieves maximum balanced diet when feed costs are not higher than the predetermined.

- обеспечивает достижение максимальной рентабельности рациона при сбалансированности рациона не ниже заданной.Maximum profitability with a given balance P → max at

- ensures the achievement of maximum profitability of the diet with a balanced diet not lower than the specified.

минимизирует стоимость рациона при сбалансированности рациона не ниже заданной.The minimum cost of the diet for a given balance: C _rac → min at

minimizes the cost of the diet with a balanced diet not lower than the specified.

The minimum cost of the diet for productivity is not lower than the specified: C _rac → min for PROD _about ≥ProD _ass , where the PROD _ass is the specified productivity. "The minimum cost of the diet with productivity not lower than the set" minimizes the cost of the diet while ensuring the productivity of the animal is not lower than the one set by the User.

The minimum cost of the diet with nutritional restrictions: C _rac → min at (kp _{i min} ≤kp _i ≤kp _{i max} ). Here, kp _i is the content of the ith food component in the diet (I∈ [1, N]); CP _{i min} - the minimum allowable content in the diet of the i-th nutrition component; CP _{i max} - the maximum allowable content in the diet of the i-th nutrition component; N is the number of normalized nutrition components. "The minimum cost of the diet with nutritional restrictions" minimizes the cost of the diet when taking into account the restrictions on the content of dietary components specified by the User.

Maximum profit with productivity not lower than the set: P + C _rac → min with PROD _about ≥ProD _ass ; ensures the achievement of the maximum profit of the diet with productivity not lower than the specified.

The maximum profit at a given productivity P + C _rac → min at (PROD _ass- Δ) ≤ PROD _about ≤ (PROD _ass + Δ), where Δ is the specified accuracy to ensure the required productivity. "Maximum profit at a given productivity" provides the maximum profit of the diet with productivity corresponding to the given accuracy ± Δ.

The maximum preservation of the animal with productivity not lower than the specified: P _CJ → min with PROD _about ≥Prod _ass ensures maximum safety of the animal with productivity not lower than the specified.

The minimum cost of the diet for a given productivity: C _rac → min at P _prod ≤P _{prod back} provides a minimum cost of the diet for productivity not lower than the specified.

The maximum profitability with productivity not lower than the set: P → max with PROD _about ≥Prod _ass ensures maximum profitability of the diet with productivity not lower than the set.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1-7.

In FIG. 1 gives a choice of optimization criterion. In FIG. 2 shows the result of calculating the feed mixture ration. In FIG. Figure 3 illustrates the operation of the control optimization algorithm for feeding animals and birds. In FIG. 4 shows examples of livestock productivity loss functions. In FIG. 5 shows a dialog box for correction of loss functions. In FIG. Figure 6 illustrates the loss of productivity of animals and birds caused by a deviation from the norm of the content of the nutrition component in the diet [see Lukyanov P.B. Decision support system for optimizing the operational management of the economy of livestock production. Abstract. Diss ... Doct. economy sciences. - M .: RGAU-TSHA, 2011. - 46 p.].

In FIG. 7 shows a functional diagram of a device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and preparation of the economically best fodder mixture with programmed growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about their consumption of feed mixture taking into account the functions of loss of their productivity: 1 - signal generator of the livestock age, 2 - a block of adjusters of intermediate control signals, 3 - a block of adjusters of signals of economically optimal doses of feed, 4 - a block of circuits for comparing signals of doses of cor ov, 5 - block of signal feed units of real feed doses, 6 - block of feed metering devices, 7 - mixer, 8 - economically optimal feed mixture (storage of this feed mixture is conventionally shown), 9 - switch of a simulated livestock age signal, 10 - switch of a simulated feed mixture dose signal for the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock, 11 is the master of the simulated signal of the dose of feed mixture with the minimum increase in live weight of the livestock, 12 is the calculator of the signal of live weight of the livestock at the initial stage of growing, 13 is the calculator of signals economically optimal ration at the initial stage of growing, 14 - calculator of live weight signal of the livestock at the final stage of growing, 15 - calculator of signals of economically optimal diet at the final growing stage, 16 - circuit for comparing live weight signals of the livestock at the initial and final stage of growing, 17 - signal shaper disabling the mode for calculating the maximum gain in live weight and switching to the mode for calculating the minimum gain in live weight, 18 - a block of controlled keys, 19 - a circuit for matching signals, 20 - a block of shaped STUDIO control signals (interface of the decision maker) 21 - setpoint signal type optimization criterion, 22 - kormosmesi flow meter signal 23 - calculated dose dial kormosmesi signal 24 - block signal setting devices function coefficients calculated loss of productivity of the animal or bird.

For the proper development of young farm animals and / or obtaining high-quality livestock products, it is necessary to observe a certain pattern of growth in the mass of animals. The optimal dynamics of the increase in mass of animals is determined by modeling the physiological processes of growth or by conducting field experiments [1. Dudin V.I., Cherepanov G.G., Kuznetsov S.G., Manukhina A.I. Experimental testing of a systematic model of pig growth // Problems of physiology, biochemistry, biotechnology and nutrition of farm animals. - Borovsk, 1994. 2. Kutsenko A.I. Mathematical modeling and optimization of production parameters in complexes for fattening cattle // The dissertation on competition. student degrees of cand. economy sciences. - M., 2007. 3. Tyupaev I.M., Cherepanov G.G. The growth dynamics of gobies at different levels of nutrition // Problems of physiology, biochemistry, biotechnology and nutrition of farm animals. - Borovsk, 1994. 4. Cherepanov G.G. Systemic morphophysiological theory of animal growth. - Borovsk, 1994. 5. Cherepanov G.G., Agafonov V.I. The rationale for the optimal growth rate and the most appropriate slaughter time for growing and fattening cattle // Zootechny, No. 3, 1994. 6. Shlyakhtunov VI, Plyashchenko AI Improving the quality of beef. - Minsk, 1986].

The main regulator of growth is the daily diet. In this case, the task of ration optimization is formulated as follows: "To compose a diet that provides a given increase in the mass of animals at the maximum economic efficiency of feed use." The economic efficiency of feed use is expressed by profit or profitability provided by the diet. With this statement of the problem, the methodology for ration optimization when programming the increase in the mass of animals can have two options - “one-step” and “multi-step”.

The first option is “one-step”. The ration optimization for obtaining a given increase in the mass of animals according to the first embodiment is oriented toward separate optimization of the diets according to the gain specified for each step of weight gain. In this case, the initial data for the calculation are the characteristics of the animal averaged over the “step” and the specified daily weight gain. In this case, optimization is performed according to the method of planning rations for individual dosed feeding of animals [Lukyanov BV, Lukyanov PB New information technology for optimizing diets for farm animals (CORAL computer programs): A training manual. - M.: Publishing House of the Russian State Authentic Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, 2009] using one of the criteria:

- maximum profit for a given productivity;

- maximum profitability for a given productivity;

- the minimum cost of the diet for a given productivity.

The second option is multi-step. In the absence of a requirement to provide a given incremental weight gain as an alternative to the first option, the following statement of the problem can serve: "To compose a series of diets that provide the required increase in animal mass for a given period of time at the maximum economic efficiency of feed use." With this formulation, the ration optimization problem falls into the class of optimal control problems and is formulated as follows in the framework of the optimal control theory: “It is required to find such a feeding dynamics (control path) that the mass of the animal grows from the initial value m ₀ corresponding to time t ₀ , "to the required value m ₁ corresponding to a given point in time t ₁ with a minimum cost of feed." Thus, the control object is an animal, the state of which is characterized by two phase variables: “mass” and “daily weight gain”. The control vector is the daily ration. For the quality functional, the cost of feed consumed per animal for the period of fattening is taken. Time changes discretely; the time quantum adopted in animal husbandry and poultry farming is one day. After reducing the problem to the standard form of problems in the theory of optimal control, the conditions of the problem are described as follows. The phase vector of the object is two-dimensional:

where x ¹ is the mass of the animal; x ² - daily weight gain.

The control is set by the feed diet vector:

where u ^k (t) is the mass of the k-th feed in the diet of the t-th day of fattening; m is the amount of feed ration.

The quality functional is described by the expression:

where J (u (t), x (t)) is the quality functional; C _race - the cost of the diet on the j-th day of fattening; j∈ [t ₀ ,, t ₁ ].

The problem is solved in the following sequence.

1. Estimated controllability of the object, ie the ability to perform the required fattening in a given period of time by the available feeds is checked. To assess the controllability of the object, a series of ration calculations is performed according to the criterion of “maximum productivity” for the fattening period with a discreteness of one day. If at the end of the period the required mass of the animal is not achieved, then it is concluded that the object is uncontrollable, and the initial data of the problem should be reviewed. If the required mass of the animal has been reached, it is concluded that the object is controllable. In this case, the control u ⁰ (t) and the trajectory x ⁰ (t) are remembered and the solution of the problem continues.

2. The optimal control path and the corresponding phase path of the object are determined. When growing and fattening animals when moving from t ₀ to t _1, payment for feed is reduced, since the mass of animals is growing and, accordingly, the proportion of the diet that goes to maintain their life increases. Therefore, in order to minimize feed consumption, weight gain at the end of the period should be made minimally acceptable from the point of view of preserving the health of animals and observing the technological conditions for their growth. Therefore, at this step of solving the problem to determine the optimal control path, a "reverse" calculation of the change in the mass of the animal is performed, when moving from t ₁ to t ₀ , according to the criterion of "minimum cost for a given productivity."

In FIG. 3 illustrates the sequence of solving the problem through the change in time of the mass of the animal (x ¹ (t)). Curve x ⁰¹ (t) represents the first step of the solution - an assessment of controllability. The curve x ¹ (t) corresponds to optimal control; the arrow indicates the direction of the sequence of calculations in determining the optimal control path. Calculation of rations according to the minimum increase begins at time t ₁ (point C) and continues until it intersects with the curve x ⁰¹ (t) (point B). On the VA plot, rations are calculated according to the maximum increase. The found rations determine the optimal control for fattening an animal with an initial mass x ¹ (t ₀ ) to the required mass x ¹ (t ₁ ) with a minimum cost of feed (trajectory ABC). The described algorithms for optimizing diets for programmed animal growth can be carried out including using ready-made computer programs, for example, “CORAL - Feeding livestock” and “CORAL - Feeding pigs” [www.korall-agro.ru, E-mail: ration @ mail.ru].

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and preparation of the economically best fodder mixture with programmed growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about their consumption of feed mixtures, taking into account the functions of losses in their productivity, contains a live signal generator for livestock 1, a unit for intermediate control signals 2 , a set of signal adjusters for economically optimal feed doses 3, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverting m inputs of the feed dose signal comparison signal circuit 4, the outputs of the unit of the real feed dose signal signal generator 5 are connected to the second corresponding inverting inputs, and the outputs of the feed dose signal comparison signal circuit 4 are connected to the corresponding inputs of the feed metering unit 6, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer 7, at the output of which an economically optimal feed mixture 8 is formed, while a simulator of a simulated livestock age signal 9, a simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose signal at the maximum increase in live weight of livestock 10, the master of a simulated feed dose signal at a minimum increase in live weight of livestock 11, the signal processor of live weight of the livestock at the initial stage of growing 12, the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13, the calculator of live weight of the livestock at the final stage cultivation 14, a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15, a comparison scheme of live weight signals of the livestock in the initial and final stages the initial stage of cultivation 16, the shaper of the signal to turn off the mode of calculating the maximum increase in live weight and the transition to the mode of calculating the minimum increase in live weight 17, the block of controlled keys 18, the scheme of matching signals 19, the block of the shapers of control signals (interface of the decision maker) 20, the signal generator type of optimization criterion 21, meter of the signal of the feed mixture 22, signal generator of the calculated dose of the feed mixture 23, the block of signal adjusters of the coefficients of the loss function coefficients of the estimated animal productivity or bird 24, while the output of the simulated signal generator for livestock 9 is connected to the inputs of the simulated signal of the feed mixture dose at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock 10 and the master of the simulated feed mixture dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock 11 and to the first input of the signal matching circuit 19 , the output of the master of the simulated signal of the dose of the feed mixture with a maximum increase in live weight of livestock 10 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the calculator of the signal of live weight of livestock in the initial growing stage 12 and a signal processor of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13, the output of the simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of livestock 11 is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the live weight calculator of the livestock in the final stage of growing 14 and a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15, the outputs of the calculator of the live weight signal of the livestock in the initial stage of growing 12 and the calculator of the live weight signal the sheep in the final stage of growing 14 are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the circuit for comparing livestock signals in the initial and final stages of growing 16, the output of which is through the shaper of the shutdown signal for calculating the maximum gain in live weight and switching to the mode for calculating the minimum gain in live weight 17 connected to the second input of the signal matching circuit 19, to the third input of which the output of the signal generator of the real age of livestock 1 is connected, and the output of which is connected to the control m the input of the block of controlled keys 18, the first and second inputs and the corresponding outputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13, to the output of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15 and to the corresponding inputs of the block of signal setters economically optimal doses of feed 3, while the output of the set of controllers of intermediate control signals 2 is connected to the connection of the second inputs of the signal processor of the optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation 13 and the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the final stage of cultivation 15, the first output of the block of control signal conditioners (interface of the decision maker) 20 is connected to the connection of the third inputs of the economically optimal signal calculator ration in the initial stage of growing 13 and the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15, the second output of the block control signal generator (interface of the decision maker) 20 is connected through a signal generator of the form of optimization criterion 21 to the fourth input of the economically optimal ration signal calculator in the initial growing stage 13 and the economically optimal ration signal calculator in the final growing stage 15, the third output of the control shaper block signals (interface of the decision maker) 20 through the block of signal setters of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of the animal o or poultry 24 is connected to the fifth input of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the initial stage of rearing 13 and the economically optimal diet signal calculator at the final stage of rearing 15, the input of the control signal conditioner unit (the decision maker's interface) is connected to the output of the feed mixture signal .

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and preparation of the economically best fodder mixture with programmable growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about their consumption of feed mixtures, taking into account the functions of losses in their productivity, performs the following well-known actions: setting the dose rate of feed mixtures depending on the type and age of the livestock, calculating the cost of the consumed feed depending on a given dose of feed mixture consumption, calculating the estimated the cost of production of a given batch of animals or poultry depending on the age of the livestock, measuring and setting the dose rate of each feed from a set of feed mixtures, comparing the measured and set values, regulating the dosage of each feed from a set of feed mixtures according to the comparison result, the cost of each feed consumed from a set of feed mixtures, calculated depending on the dose rate of each feed from a set of feed mixtures, generate signals of dose rates of feed from a set of feeds in a feed mixture and, the generated signals of the values of the doses of the feed consumption from the feed set in the feed mixture are changed in the range from zero to the technologically permissible maximum value or to the really attainable resource value of the feed consumption dose of this feed from the feed set in the feed mixture at the enterprise, depending on the value of the changed signal generated the dose rate values of the feed from the feed set in the feed mixture calculate the total cost of the dose of feed mixture consumption, upon receipt of the form signal corresponding to the highest increase in profit the dose of the feed mixture consumption, the generated signals of the values of the feed consumption dose from the feed set in the feed mixture are stored for the time the signal of the generated dose value of the feed mixture is varied in the range between the technologically permissible minimum and maximum set values, the measured value of the feed consumption dose from the feed set is compared with the stored value in feed mixtures and according to the result of the comparison, the dosage regimen of the feed ingredient of the feed from the feed set in the feed mixture is adjusted.

The device also performs the following new actions: calculates the estimated cost of production of a given batch of animals or birds, depending on the type of livestock and additionally generates signals of the following diet efficiency indicators:

- a signal of profit provided by the diet, according to quantitative dependence

- a signal of the level of profitability of the diet

- a signal of a balanced diet

- сигнал стоимости продукции, которая может быть получена от животного при полностью сбалансированном рационе, приведенная к одним суткам; П_дисб - сигнал потерь, вызываемых дисбалансом рациона; С_рац - сигнал стоимости рациона,where PR is the signal of profit provided by the diet;

- a signal of the cost of production that can be obtained from an animal with a completely balanced diet, reduced to one day; P _disb - a signal of losses caused by an imbalance in the diet; With _rat - a signal of the cost of the diet,

- also additionally correct the generated signals of the values of the dose rate of each feed from the feed set in the feed mixture, upon receipt - corresponding to the highest value of the profit signal provided by the diet, or the highest value of the signal of the profitability level of the diet, or the highest value of the signal of the balance of the diet - the signal of the generated dose value of the feed mixture - remember the generated signals of the dose rate values of each feed from a set of feeds in the feed mixture for the time the signal changes the dose rate of the feed mixture in the range between the technologically permissible minimum and maximum given values, and according to the result of the comparison, the dosage regimen of the feed from the feed set in the feed mixture is additionally adjusted, while the simulated signal of the age of the animal or bird is set, the simulated signal of the feed mixture dose is set at the maximum increase live weight of an animal or bird, depending on which they form a signal of live weight of an animal or bird in the initial stage of growing and form a signal economy of the optimal diet in the initial stage of growing, a simulated feed mixture dose signal is set with a minimum increase in live weight of the animal or bird, depending on which the live weight of the animal or bird in the final stage of growing is determined and a signal of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing is generated, signals are compared the live weight of the animal or bird in the initial and final stages of rearing and depending on the result of the comparison, form a signal to turn off the calculation mode maxi The initial increase in live weight and the transition to the mode of calculating the minimum increase in live weight, the signal of the real age of the animal or bird is set, when the simulated signal of the age of the animal or bird, the signal of the real age of the bird and the generated signal turn off the calculation mode of the maximum increase in live weight and go to the calculation mode the minimum increase in live weight allows the choice for further control of the preparation of the economically best feed ration and preparation of close to economical The best fodder mixes for the programmed growth of animals and poultry of one of the two generated signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial or final stage of rearing, depending on one of these two formed signals, give signals close to the economically optimal feed doses, give signals of real feed doses, compare the given signals close to the economically optimal feed doses with the corresponding given signals of the real doses of feed and dosing to um for their subsequent mixing into the feed mixture, then correction of the mixing of feed doses is carried out and a feed mixture close to economically optimal is obtained with the programmed growth of animals and poultry, the feed mixture consumption signal for the current day of cultivation is also measured, it is compared with the previously specified signal of the estimated dose of feed mixture the current day of growing the livestock of animals or poultry, the received signal of comparison further corrects the set value of the feed mixture consumption signal for the next day of growing the number of livestock and set the signal for the adjusted dose of feed mixture on the next day of raising animals and birds, while the received signal of comparison further corrects the set values of the signals of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of animals and birds on the next day of growing the livestock and set the signals of the coefficients of the functions of the loss of the estimated productivity of animals and birds the next day of raising animals and birds.

The device (Fig. 7) works as follows. For example, consider the case of broiler poultry farming. In the simulator of a simulated livestock age signal 9, a signal is periodically changed from its lowest value to its highest value, corresponding to the range of bird ages from one day to 35 days of the usual term for growing modern broiler crosses. This is done to determine, in accordance with the program of growing birds in the entire range of its ages, the following values. These are the values of the daily feed dose when controlling the diet at the initial stage of cultivation by means of a simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose signal at a maximum increase in live weight of 10. The values of the daily feed dose when controlling the composition of the diet in the final stage of cultivation by means of a simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose at a minimum increase in live weight of livestock 11. In accordance with the obtained values of daily doses of feed mixture, the values of signals of live m ssy birds in the initial and final stages of cultivation, such as two mathematical models known in the productivity of broilers technological experiments to refine the broiler growth. These functions are performed by a poultry live weight signal calculator in the initial stage of rearing 12 and a poultry live weight signal calculator in the final stage of rearing 14. Also, in accordance with these values of daily doses of the feed mixture, when managing the diet in the initial and final stages of rearing, the ration of the optimal feed mixture is calculated. This is done by means of a calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing 13 and by means of a calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing 15. A comparison of the two values of calculated productivity obtained at the same time occurs in the comparison of signals of live weight of the livestock in the initial and in the final stage of growing 16. At the output of this comparison circuit, a signal appears that is converted into a shaper of the signal off the calculation mode I have the maximum gain in live weight and switch to the mode of calculating the minimum gain in live weight 17. The resulting converted signal is fed to the first control input of the signal matching circuit 19 and indicates that at this point in time of computer simulation of the process of compiling economically optimal rations, it is possible to switch to the restriction mode feeding the bird. The second control input of the signal matching circuit 19 also provides the output signal of the master of the simulated livestock age signal 9, with a time period of its formation in this master.

The frequency of formation of this simulation signal can be high enough so that the operator can timely and quickly enough evaluate the electronically simulated process of forming programmed productive growth of the bird and timely make its control corrections. The signal generator of the real age of livestock 1 sets the stroke time of the real production process. Its output signal is supplied to the third control input of the signal matching circuit 19 for practical comparison of the real-time course of the feeding process and the real growth of broilers with the course of the time-simulated process of programmed bird growth. The more accurately the operator-practitioner chooses the coefficients of the loss functions by means of a technical solution in the form of an appropriate master, the more accurately the transition from feeding broilers to their limited feeding is performed in real time. At the time of the simultaneous appearance of a signal matching circuit 19 at all three control inputs, it generates its own output control signal for the block of controlled keys 18. This block is triggered, and the device provides further passage of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of poultry rearing. As a result, the passage through this block of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of broiler growing is stopped, and the passage through it of signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of poultry production begins. At this point in time, there is an automated transition from the regime of unlimited feeding of broilers, from the regime of feeding them ad libitum, to the regime of limited feeding of poultry. Starting from this point in time, the excessive overspending of the feed mixture with an economically optimal composition stops.

In FIG. 7 shows the relationship of the block of control signal generators (the interface of the decision maker) 20 with both two calculators of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial and final stages of growing 13 and 15 through a signal encoder of the form of optimization criterion 21. This fact provides an economically optimal control over the compilation of the ration according to various optimization criteria. Also in FIG. 7 shows the connection of the block of control signal generators (the interface of the decision maker) 20 with both two calculators of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial and final stages of cultivation 13 and 15 through the signal generator of the calculated dose of feed mixture 23, as well as a similar connection through the block of signal generator of the coefficients functions of losses in the estimated productivity of an animal or bird 24. These two relationships show that there is a simultaneous control over the compilation of the ration by the doses of feed and the preparation of feed mixtures and according to the needs of animals and birds with measured live weight.

The structure and functions of the device have changed significantly and allow for close to optimal compilation of the diet of poultry feeding. The operation of the automation device for compiling feed ration rations consists mainly in the use, for example, of a programmable controller on which the feed mixture is simulated as a control computing unit, in accordance with the figures given in the description (Figs. 1-7). These indicated and other situations can also significantly affect the growth and development of the organism of farmed animals and birds, which will quickly manifest itself in a decrease in their productivity, namely, in a decrease in live weight compared to a previously calculated value. The lack of information about the real live weight of animals and birds will not cause any changes in the operation of the programmed device for compiling rations according to the normal technology for raising animals and birds. This will mean the inconsistency of the feeding regime of the livestock under the calculated normal conditions and the required feeding regime in the current production situation. If the real live weight began to differ from the normative live weight, according to which the diet was compiled. Therefore, these differences should be taken into account. The easiest way to do this is using the functions of productivity losses depending on the diet of the feed mixture. The difference between the real daily gain in live weight of animals and poultry from the previously calculated daily gain is automatically taken into account when setting the coefficients of the productivity loss functions. It is also possible to automatically set these coefficients using a programmable control device or a human operator, i.e. specialist of the feed production department at a large livestock or poultry enterprise (decision maker).

For example, if, for some technical and technological reasons, animals or birds began to lose their live weight, then the form of the loss functions should become steeper, i.e. the steepness of the loss functions should increase. This is achieved by a corresponding change in the coefficient "Slope" (see Fig. 4). After such a change, the feed mixture, which is close to the best economy, is recalculated on the next day of livestock rearing, taking into account the really increased loss of live weight by animals or birds. This, in turn, means that in accordance with the method of compiling the economically best fodder ration and preparing the economically best fodder mixture, if there is information about the consumed dose of the feed mixture, the device for the new value of the consumed daily dose of the feed mixture will automatically create a new and, possibly, completely different feed mixture. This is also quite understandable: if the livestock began to be characterized by a new and different from the given technological value daily feed mixture value, then the new feed mixture diet should still make up the energy needs of the livestock. And this can be done by correcting the form of the loss functions, which will lead to the automatic introduction of amendments to the feed mixture ration. Moreover, the device according to the method will adjust the diet of the feed mixture on the next day of cultivation and at the same time saturate the diet with less energetically valuable feeds, which have a correspondingly lower cost. Thus, the presence in the method and device of information on the consumption of the feed mixture by animals and poultry can automatically or automatically meet the needs of the livestock in the previous estimated amount of feed mixture, while fulfilling the zootechnological requirements for its energy content. And at the same time, in an automatic or automated mode, make an economically optimal diet, taking into account the pricing of feed included in the feed mixture.

The functional capabilities of managing technologies for compiling animal and poultry rations and feed preparation are expanding, since this ensures close to economically optimal control of the technological regime and the actual preparation of the feed mixture, taking into account the needs of the livestock and poultry. In the automated mode, the economically best fodder ration is prepared according to various criteria for optimization and the preparation of the economically best fodder mix is made with programmed growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about the consumption of feed mixture by animals and poultry. The accuracy of determining the doses of feed in the feed mixture, the consumption of the feed mixture itself is substantially increased for a corresponding increase in the accuracy of control of the feed preparation processes when there is information about their consumption of feed mixture in the final stage of animal and bird rearing. The arsenal of technical equipment of a similar purpose is expanding, namely for compiling a feed ration and preparing a feed mixture for animals and poultry. Implementation by the device of the declared purpose of the preparation of the feed ration and preparation of the feed mixture for animals and poultry is carried out.

Claims (1)

A device for compiling, according to various criteria, the optimization of the economically best fodder ration and preparation of the economically best fodder mixture with programmable growth of animals and poultry and if there is information about their consumption of feed mixture, taking into account the functions of loss of their productivity, containing a real-age live signal generator, a block of intermediate control signal generators, a unit of signal setters for economically optimal feed doses, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first non-inverting m inputs of the feed dose signal signal comparison circuit, to the second corresponding inverting inputs of which are connected the outputs of the feed dose signal generator set, and the outputs of the feed dose signal comparison circuit block are connected to the corresponding inputs of the feed metering unit, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the mixer, at the output of which an economically optimal feed mixture is formed, characterized in that a generator of a simulated livestock age signal, a generator of a simulated feed mixture dose signal are introduced into the device at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock, the simulator of the simulated signal of the feed mixture dose at the minimum increase in live weight of the livestock, the calculator of the live weight of the livestock at the initial stage of cultivation, the calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation, the calculator of the live weight of the livestock at the final stage of cultivation, calculator signals of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing, a comparison scheme of live weight signals of the livestock in the initial and final growing stages, a shaper of a signal to turn off the mode of calculating the maximum increase in live weight and transition to a mode of calculating the minimum increase in live weight, a block of controlled keys, a signal matching circuit, a block of shapers of control signals or a decision maker’s interface, a signal adjuster of the form of an optimization criterion, a flow meter fodder mixtures, setter of the calculated dose signal of the fodder mixture, block of signal setters for the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of an animal or bird, p and the output of the simulator of the simulated livestock age signal is connected to the inputs of the simulator of the simulated feed mixture dose at the maximum increase in live weight of the livestock and the simulator of the simulated feed mixture at the minimum increase in live weight of the livestock and to the first input of the signal matching circuit, the output of the simulator of the simulated feed dose signal at the maximum the increase in live weight of the livestock is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the computer calculator of the live weight of the livestock in the initial stage of cultivation and calculation signal generator of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation, the output of the simulator of a simulated feed mixture dose signal with a minimum increase in live weight of the livestock is connected to the connection of the first inputs of the live weight signal calculator in the final growing stage and the economical optimal diet signal calculator in the final growing stage, the outputs of the signal calculator live weight of the livestock at the initial stage of cultivation, and a signal calculator of the live mass of the livestock at the final stage of cultivation I am connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the circuit for comparing live weight signals of the livestock at the initial and final stages of rearing, the output of which is connected to the second input of the signal matching circuit through the signal shaper of disabling the mode for calculating the maximum gain in live weight and switching to the mode for calculating the minimum gain in live weight , to the third input of which the output of the setter of the signal of the real age of the livestock is connected, and the output of which is connected to the control input of the managed key block, the first and the second inputs and corresponding outputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the initial stage of cultivation, to the output of the signal processor of the economically optimal diet in the final stage of cultivation and to the corresponding inputs of the signal generator block of economically optimal feed doses, while the output of the block of intermediate regulators control signals connected to the connection of the second inputs of the signal calculator economically optimal diet in the initial stage growing and calculating signals of an economically optimal diet at the final stage of growing, the first output of a block of control signal conditioners or a decision maker’s interface is connected to the connection of the third inputs of a calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet through the signal generator of a calculated dose of a feed mixture in the initial stage of growing and a calculator of signals of an economically optimal diet at the final stage of cultivation, the second output of the block of shapers of control signals or interface the decision maker is connected through a signal controller of the type of optimization criterion to the connection of the fourth inputs of the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the initial stage of cultivation and the economically optimal ration signal calculator at the final stage of cultivation, the third output of the block of control signal generators or the decision maker the block of signal setters of the coefficients of the loss functions of the estimated productivity of the animal or bird is connected to the connection of the fifth inputs of the calculation signal generator of an economically optimal diet in the initial stage of growing and a signal calculator of an economically optimal diet in the final stage of growing, the input of the control signal conditioner unit or the decision maker interface is connected to the output of the feed mixture signal meter.

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