RU2541637C2 - Method of breeding young pigs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to livestock husbandry, namely a method of breeding young pigs. The method comprises the use of feed additive in the following dosages: for gilts aged 2-4 months - 300 ml per head per day; from 5-7 months of age - 800 ml per head per day for 21 days with a 30-day break between the courses. The feed additive is used as slurry of chlorella of strain Chlorella vulgaris of IGF No. C-111, grown on a nutrient medium enriched with iodine in the form of potassium iodide and selenium in the form of sodium selenite.

EFFECT: proposed method of breeding young pigs enables to increase meat production and meat quality of fattening young pigs.

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Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, specifically to methods of raising young pigs.

It is known to use a suspension of chlorella as a feed additive and injections of the selenium-containing preparation “Selenolin” in order to increase the reproductive function of boars and repair pigs of the large white breed “Grigoropolis-1” type. Chlorella suspension was drunk at a dose of 0.2 l per 50 kg of live weight to pigs, and boars at a dose of 0.2 l per 150 kg of live weight for 3-6 months before the establishment of reproductive function. The drug "Selenolin" was administered at a dose of 1.0 ml per 100 kg of live weight, intramuscularly. It was found that the pigs that were additionally injected with “Selenolin” and chlorella at the age of 10 months had a live weight of 135.4 and 139.7 kg, which is 10.0% and 13.0% higher than in the control group [Serdyukov] .

It is known to use a suspension of chlorella as a feed additive for fattening piglets of large white breed. The first group was the control and received the main diet, and animals of the II, III, and IV experimental groups, in addition to the main diet, per 1 kg of dry matter of the diet, respectively received: 125 ml of microalgae suspension with constant feeding, 125 ml of microalgae suspension with periodic feeding with an interval of 15 days, 125 ml of a suspension of microalgae with periodic feeding with an interval of 30 days. Slaughter yield increased: in the II group - 6.5%, in the III - by 6.4%, in the IV - by 3.5% in relation to the first group. The carcass composition in groups 2, 3 and 4 showed an increase in the amount of meat and fat by 30.66 and 3.82%, 37.66 and 17.48%, 13.66 and 8.74%, respectively, relative to the control, which in its the turn caused a decrease in bone mass by 6.45; 9.67 and 3.22% [Ufimtsev].

The technical result is an increase in meat productivity and quality of meat of young pigs that are fattening.

This is achieved by the fact that the method for growing young pigs involves the use of a suspension of chlorella of the strain Chlorella vulgaris IGF No. C-111, grown on nutrient media enriched with the microelement iodine (potassium iodide) and the microelement selenium (sodium selenite) as a feed additive for young pigs. Chlorella suspension was given to gilts from 2 to 4 months of age, 300 ml per head, from 5 to 7 months of age, to 800 ml. Moreover, after 21 days of using the chlorella suspension, a 30-day break was maintained.

For research, chlorella of the strain Chlorella vulgaris IGF No. C-111 was cultivated in special devices developed for the cultivation of algae [RU 2315 805].

The device consists of a housing with a cover, the side walls of which have a reflective surface, located in the tank’s body, mounted on the grill and interconnected by incandescent lamps. It is equipped with heating means located under the grate, sensors for the concentration of the suspension, its temperature, and a pipe for supplying carbon dioxide to the oxygen removal tank.

The device operates as follows. The containers are filled with nutrient medium to a predetermined level, and a suspension for microalgae Chlorella vulgaris is introduced into them. Connect the device to the network. When the concentration of the suspension reaches 50-60 million cells in 1 ml, the device turns off and the biomass is removed.

The basis of the nutrient medium (main uterine culture) was calculated per 1 liter of water: ammonium nitrate - 1 g, superphosphate (10% solution) - 1 ml, ferric chloride (1 solution) - 0.15 ml, nitric acid cobalt - 1 mg, copper sulfate - 1 mg and bacterial suspension - 40 ml.

A control batch of chlorella was grown on this nutrient medium. For research, the nutrient medium for growing the second batch of chlorella was enriched with the microelement iodine (potassium iodide), and the third with the microelement selenium (sodium selenite).

The prepared suspension of all three batches to extend the period of use passed the primary processing according to the developed method [RU 23 74187]. The method of primary processing of biomass involved introducing into it no later than 4 hours after collecting a preservative, which is a mixture of aminoacetic acid in an amount of 0.4-0.6% and a whey protein concentrate in an amount of 0.8-0.9% of the algae biomass .

After the completion of the cultivation of chlorella, studies were conducted to establish the effect on its quality of the trace elements iodine and selenium in the form of potassium iodide and sodium selenite (Table 1).

Table 1 Qualitative indicators of chlorella suspension The consignment Indicator The number of cells of the uterine culture The number of cells at the end of cultivation Transmittance,% pH I (main uterine culture) 93.25 53.46 ± 0.29 3.06 8.37 II (main uterine culture + iodine) 93.25 54.89 ± 0.41 2.74 8.39 III (main uterine culture + selenium) 93.25 59.67 ± 0.37 2.11 8.58

The experimental work was carried out in the conditions of the pig farm of the Vostok agricultural firm in the Nikolaev district of the Volgograd region. Scientific and physiological experiments were carried out on gilts of the breed SM-1 and the steppe type.

To conduct the experiment using the method of pair-analogues, 4 groups of gilts were formed at the age of 60 days, 15 goals each.

The duration of the experiment was 150 days - from 2 to 7 months of age of piglets. In the experimental period, the animals of the control and experimental groups were kept on a general diet, in addition, animals of the first experimental group received a chlorella suspension grown on a standard nutrient medium, the second experimental group received a chlorella suspension grown on a nutrient enriched with iodine, and the third experimental group - suspension of chlorella grown on a nutrient medium enriched with selenium.

Chlorella suspension was given to gilts from 2 to 4 months of age, 300 per head, from 5 to 7 months of age, to 800 ml. Moreover, after 21 days of using the chlorella suspension, a 30-day break was maintained.

During the scientific and economic experience, we studied the dynamics of the live weight of gilts of all groups and the average daily weight gain over the periods of the experiment.

So, it was found that the use of chlorella suspension grown in enriched nutrient media in the diets of gilts had a positive effect on their growth indices (Tables 2, 3).

table 2 Live weight of experimental gilts, kg Age days Group control I experienced II experienced III experienced 60 19.34 ± 0.35 19.18 ± 0.26 19.42 ± 0.24 19.26 ± 0.30 90 35.17 ± 0.29 36.82 ± 0.35 37.01 ± 0.31 37.13 ± 0.24 120 52.19 ± 0.32 55.71 ± 0.24 56.13 ± 0.36 56.56 ± 0.27 150 70.40 ± 0.41 75.91 ± 0.31 76.96 ± 0.42 78.03 ± 0.38 180 89.36 ± 0.38 96.83 ± 0.40 98.91 ± 0.51 100.19 ± 0.52 210 108.67 ± 0.53 117.57 ± 0.61 119.95 ± 0.57 121.69 ± 0.49

The analysis of table 2 shows that throughout the entire experimental period, the animals of the experimental groups exceeded the live weight of analogues from the control group. When removing from the experiment at the age of 210 days in animals of I, II and III of the experimental groups, the live weight was 8.90 (8.19%; P> 0.999) in comparison with the analogues from the control; 11.28 (10.38%; P> 0.999) and 13.02 kg (11.99%; P> 0.999), respectively.

Table 3 The average daily gain in live weight of experimental gilts, g Age days Group control 1 experienced II experienced III experienced 60-90 527.70 ± 3.04 19.18 ± 0.26 19.42 ± 0.24 19.26 ± 0.30 91-120 544.70 ± 3.52 36.82 ± 0.35 37.01 ± 0.31 37.13 ± 0.24 121-150 607.00 ± 3.49 55.71 ± 0.24 56.13 ± 0.36 56.56 ± 0.27 151-180 632.00 ± 3.84 75.91 ± 0.31 76.96 ± 0.42 78.03 ± 0.38 181-210 643.60 ± 2.47 96.83 ± 0.40 98.91 ± 0.51 100.19 ± 0.52 60-210 595.50 ± 2.19 117.57 ± 0.61 119.95 ± 0.57 121.69 ± 0.49

It was established that young pigs of the I, II, and III experimental groups during the experimental period exceeded the analogs from the control by average daily gain in live weight by 58.30 (9.79%; P> 0.999); 74.70 (12.55%; P> 0.999) and 87.40 g (14.68%; P> 0.999), respectively. At the same time, young pigs who consumed chlorella grown on a nutrient medium enriched with iodine and selenium had a higher increase in live weight.

The results of the control slaughter showed that the slaughter qualities were higher in young pigs of the I, II and III experimental groups who received a suspension of chlorella with the diet (Table 4).

Table 4 The lethal qualities of experimental gilts Indicator Group control I experienced II experienced III experienced Slaughter mass, kg 106.84 ± 0.52 115.52 ± 0.61 118.24 ± 0.58 119.72 ± 0.50 Weight of fresh carcass, kg 64.18 ± 0.48 70.44 ± 0.53 73.26 ± 0.43 73.41 ± 0.41 Mascara yield,% 60.07 60.98 61.11 61.32 Slaughter weight, kg 69.30 ± 0.51 75.67 ± 0.49 77.06 ± 0.40 78.81 ± 0.34 Slaughter yield,% 64.86 65.50 65.17 65.83

Thus, the mass of fresh carcass in the gilts of the I, II, and III experimental groups was 6.26 (9.75%; P> 0.999) greater than that of the analogues from the control group; 9.08 (14.14%; P> 0.999) and 9.23 kg (14.38%; P> 0.999), respectively. The carcass yield at the same time in young experimental groups was 0.91 higher; 1.04 and 1.25%, and slaughter yield - by 0.64; 0.31 and 0.97%, respectively.

The chemical and biochemical compositions of the meat of young pigs treated with chlorella suspension were superior in their indicators to the analogues from the control group (Table 5).

Table 5 Chemical and biochemical compositions of meat of young pigs Indicator Group control I experienced II experienced III experienced The chemical composition of the average meat sample Moisture% 65.51 ± 0.12 65.23 ± 0.09 65.39 ± 0.14 65.20 ± 0.11 Dry matter% 34.49 ± 0.12 34.77 ± 0.09 34.61 ± 0.14 34.80 ± 0.11 Protein,% 18.64 ± 0.05 18.87 ± 0.03 18.65 ± 0.05 19.18 ± 0.04 Fat% 14.87 ± 0.04 14.91 ± 0.03 14.98 ± 0.03 14.63 ± 0.03 Ash% 0.98 ± 0.01 0.99 ± 0.01 0.98 ± 0.01 0.99 ± 0.01 Iodine, mcg / kg 129.30 ± 1.60 130.62 ± 2.04 162.54 ± 2.13 131.70 ± 1.98 Selenium, mcg / kg 280.52 ± 2.39 279.86 ± 3.14 281.40 ± 2.74 314.71 ± 2.60 The biological value of the longest back muscle Tryptophan, mg% 435.24 ± 2.66 447.91 ± 2.10 450.38 ± 1.98 449.65 ± 2.47 Oxyproline, mg% 41.38 ± 0.42 39.12 ± 0.37 39.20 ± 0.34 38.81 ± 0.31 BKP 10.52 ± 0.06 11.45 ± 0.05 11.49 ± 0.08 11.58 ± 0.07

In our studies, the largest amount of dry matter was contained in the pulp of carcasses of gilts that consumed a suspension of chlorella. In comparison with analogues from the control, young pigs of the experimental groups had an advantage in this indicator by 0.28; 0.12 and 0.31%, the protein was 0.23 more (P> 0.99); 0.01 and 0.54% (P> 0.999), respectively. Animals from the control group exceeded the fat content in meat of analogues from the experimental group III by 0.24% (P> 0.99).

Thus, the highest protein content was found in the meat of young pigs, who consumed a suspension of chlorella grown on a medium enriched with selenium, as selenium activates protein metabolism and is part of more than 100 proteins. A higher fat content in meat was recorded in analogues from the experimental group II, who consumed chlorella grown on a medium enriched with iodine, which is actively involved in lipid metabolism.

It should be noted that the meat of animals that received chlorella with the diet was biologically complete. The protein quality indicator of their longest back muscle was 0.93 higher than that of the counterparts in the control group; 0.97 and 1.06%, respectively.

Thus, we can conclude that the proposed method of growing young pigs can increase the meat productivity of young pigs that are fed, and to improve the quality of the resulting meat raw materials.

List of literature sources

1. Serdyukov E.I. Ways to increase the reproductive function of pigs: author. diss. ... cand. S.-kh. sciences / E.I. Serdyukov. - Stavropol. - 2009. - 21 p.

2. Ufimtsev D.K. The use of a suspension of microalgae strain IGF No. C-111 in the diets of young pigs: abstract. diss. ... cand. biol. sciences / D.K. Ufimtsev. - Moscow. - 2009. - 24 p.

3. Melikhov VV Device for the cultivation of microalgae / V.V. Melikhov, P.I. Kuznetsov, N.I. Bogdanov, S.V. Yakovlev, M.V. Melikhova [et al.] // Official Bulletin “Inventions. Useful models ”, RU 2315805, 2008. - No. 3 (III). - S.732.

4. Melikhov VV The method of primary processing of biomass of blue-green algae / Melikhov V.V., Kuznetsov P.I., Moskovets M.V., Karengina T.V., Frolova M.V. // Official Bulletin “Inventions. Utility Models ”, RU 2374187, 2009. - No. 2 (II). - S.684.

Claims (1)

A method of growing young pigs, involving the use of a feed additive, characterized in that as a feed additive use a suspension of chlorella strain Chlorella vulgaris IGF No. C-111, grown on a nutrient medium enriched with iodine in the form of potassium iodide and selenium in the form of sodium selenite, in the following dosages: gilts at the age of 2-4 months, 300 ml per head per day; from 5 to 7 months of age - 800 ml per head per day for 21 days with a 30-day break between courses.