RU2537455C1 - Facing system of external walls - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: facing system of external walls includes small main stones used for facing of an external wall, and facing stones with front, rear, upper, lower and side faces, as well as with vertical or horizontal projections on the rear face, where the main stones have one or more slots on the external face, which correspond to one or more projections on facing stones; besides, sizes of slots exceed sizes of the corresponding projections by the value of an adhesive seam that attaches stones to each other. A projection on the rear face of the facing stone is inclined to the rear face of the facing stone at an angle of α < 90°; external projections on the rear face of the facing stone have internal faces that are inclined at an angle of β ≥ 180°- α, and sizes of the main stones are divisible by sizes of facing stones.

EFFECT: reducing labour intensity and material consumption for facing of external walls.

5 cl, 11 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of building materials and structural elements, and in particular to the cladding of building envelopes.

State of the art

A system is known in which the main wall (OS) made of concrete, expanded clay concrete and other stones or of brick, monolith, aerated concrete or other blocks is lined with thin stones having projections extending outward on the back face, and there are recesses on the upper face of the facing stones for flexible metal mounts (see RF patent for utility model No. 40246 of 09/10/2004).

When masonry, facing stones are attached to the mortar and are fixed with additional flexible connections that are attached either to the main wall or to a metal mesh fixed to this wall.

Flexible connections form strong joints, but their possible corrosion reduces the reliability of fixing the facing stone (OK) over time. That is why complex protrusions, forming a castle connection in the form of a dovetail, allow you to create a solid monolithic bond between OK and OC when filling them with a solution.

However, this solution has several disadvantages. First of all, it is laboriousness, as well as a large flow rate of the solution, which should fill both the space between the OC and the OS (this is 10-12 mm) and the space between the protrusions. The increased consumption of the solution leads to a heavier lining, and consequently, to the strengthening of foundations, i.e. all this leads to higher construction costs. To reduce the consumption of the solution, as well as the possibility of facing the OC in any weather, a solution is proposed in which the OK is fixed without the solution using hooks that are installed on the OS (see RF patent No. 2307030 of 09.27.2007).

The disadvantages of this method include the relative complexity of mounting the hooks themselves. In addition, the obtained ventilated facade is not reliable enough and can only be recommended for low-rise construction or for facing no more than three lower floors of multi-storey buildings.

When you try to use these stones for multi-story building using mortar, the same problems will appear as in the previous solution mentioned above. In addition, there is a problem of reliable filling of the grooves on the back wall of the OK with the solution, since these grooves are horizontal in the mounting position.

Disclosure of invention

To reduce the complexity and material consumption of the cladding of the external walls of buildings, a cladding system is proposed in which the OK is made with protrusions on the back face that can expand outside the stone, and the OS is made of small-sized stones, while these stones have grooves on their outer face corresponding to the OK protrusions and somewhat larger in size, so that OK is easily attached to the stones of the main wall (CBS) by means of an adhesive solution, usually 2-4 mm thick.

The above problem is solved due to the fact that the external wall cladding system includes small-piece main stones, from which the external wall is laid out, and facing stones with front, rear, upper, lower and side faces, as well as with vertical or horizontal protrusions on the back face . The claimed system is characterized in that the main stones have one or more grooves on the outer face corresponding to one or more protrusions on the facing stones, while the dimensions of the grooves exceed the size of the corresponding protrusions by the size of the adhesive joint that holds these stones together, and the dimensions of the main stones multiple to the size of the facing stones. Moreover, on all faces of the facing stone, except for the facade, grooves or other roughnesses can be made. Moreover, at least one of the protrusions of the facing stone can expand towards the main stone. In addition, at least one of the protrusions of the facing stone may have a through or through hole and / or grooves along the side and / or upper and lower faces of the facing stone parallel to the facade face. Also, additional protrusions can be made on the upper face and on one side face, and corresponding grooves somewhat larger in size than the mentioned additional protrusions can be made on the lower side and on the other side.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The proposed invention will be explained below in more detail with reference to the drawings, which show the following:

Figure 1 - General view of the invention;

Figure 2 is a fragment of the masonry, a top view;

Figure 3 - illustrates the option when the holes 7 are made on each protrusion 3;

Figure 4 is a variant of the corner masonry when the upper (in Figure 4) OK does not have one extreme ledge (see 2a), and the short end OK (see 26) does not have a single extreme ledge;

Figure 5 - examples of smooth forms of the protrusions 2;

6 is a variant in which the stones 2 have a height two times less than the height of the stone 1, i.e. H ₁ = 2H ₂ ;

7 is a variant in which the protrusions of the stone 2 are located horizontally;

Fig - stone 1 in the masonry, where the angle α <90 ° provides additional reliable engagement of the stone 2 to KOC 1;

Fig.9 is an option in which the stone 2 does not have a lower protrusion, and the upper expanding protrusion 3 reliably clings to the stone 1;

Figure 10 is a variant of the masonry, in which L ₂ = 1,5L ₁ ;

11 is a variant in which on the upper face of the stone 2 there is a protrusion 16, which falls into a wider groove 17 located on the lower face of the next stone 1.

The implementation of the invention

A General view of the invention is shown in figure 1, where

1 - CBS;

2 - OK;

3 - protrusions on the rear face of the stone 1;

4 - grooves on the outer edge of the WWTF;

5 - side face OK;

6 - upper face OK;

7 - hole in OK;

8 - grooves on the back surface of the OK and on the protrusions of the OK;

H ₁ and H ₂ - KOS and OK heights respectively.

The adhesive solution of the required viscosity is applied to the outer face of the WWTF, then OK is put on the WWTF, as shown by arrow A in figure 1. Due to the grooves 8, a comb is formed on the surface adhered to the braid, which makes it possible to increase the surfaces to be glued and to reduce the effect of excessive “peeling” of glue between the stones. Such a gluing operation can be performed at the factory of CBS or directly at the construction site. It is desirable that the CBS during the gluing operation was the outer face up. Moreover, in Fig.1 H ₁ = H ₂ .

After hardening of the adhesive layer between the WWTP and OK, the stone lined in this way is then installed in the masonry of the main wall on a solution (10-12 mm thick) or on glue. In the masonry of the wall due to the presence of horizontal and vertical mortar or glue joints in it, not only the jointing of the braid to each other, but also OK - to each other. If through one or several ledges OK to make through or through holes 7, then for reliability you can periodically make flexible connections, hiding them in mortar seams between the CBS, especially in complex and critical places, such as when laying corners, etc.

Figure 2 shows a fragment of masonry, where

9 - an adhesive joint between OK and KOS;

10 - mortar seam between the WWTP.

If the KOS stones arrive at the construction site assembled with OK, then the laying of such stones does not differ from ordinary. The protrusions on the rear edge of the OK can be of different shapes, but it is necessary that at least one protrusion be expanding outward to provide additional engagement of the OK and the CBS, which increases the reliability of fastening the cladding of the entire wall as a whole.

In the case of assembling OK and CBS at a construction site, problems with the quality of the adhesive joint can occur, since under construction conditions it is more difficult to meet the adhesive viscosity requirements, and weather conditions can greatly complicate the work. In this case, the middle protrusions OK (see 3c in Fig. 3) can be made not expanding, but inclined to the rear edge of OK by an angle α <90 °, while the outer protrusions 3a and 3c, with the outer edges coinciding with the side faces OK, they have internal faces inclined at an angle β≥180 ° -α (for the protrusion 3a) and at an angle γ> = α. Dashed lines 11 show the case when β180 ° -α, and lines 12 - when γ> α.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, adhesive solution 9 is applied to the CBS, and OK is easily pressed to the CBS as a regular facing tile. Figure 3 shows a variant in which holes 7 are made on each protrusion 3.

Obviously, with further simplification of the system, you can use OK without one or two extreme protrusions. It is such an option that is shown in Fig. 4 when laying the corner, when the upper (in Fig. 4) OK does not have one extreme ledge (see 2a), and the short end OK (see 2b) does not have a single extreme ledge. At the same time, for reliability of fastening between 2a and 2b of the upper stone 1, a bracket 13 is laid, which is monolithic in a horizontal mortar seam. To illustrate in figure 4, the lower stone 2A is also mounted with a bracket 14, one end of which is inserted into the hole 7, and the other end can have a branched, more complex shape, and can also be left in the horizontal mortar seam. It is important to lay stones 1 and 2 in such a way that the protrusions 3 are directed not from the corner, but to the corner, which under no circumstances will allow OK 2a and 2b to fall out of stone 1. Adjacent stones 1, being connected to each other with a mortar seam 10, will provide reliable fastening OK 2a and similarly 2b.

Figure 5 shows examples of smooth forms of the protrusions 2, which in the manufacture avoids unnecessary stresses in the stones and improves the quality of the OK, which can be made of concrete, ceramic, porcelain, etc.

Figure 6 shows the case when, for architectural diversity, as well as to facilitate gluing OK and CBS, especially in the variants shown in figures 1, 2, 5, stones 2 have a height two times smaller than the height of stone 1, those. H ₁ = 2H ₂ .

Since bonding of KOS and OK can be carried out, including at the construction site, the facing stone can be laid in the wall until the adhesive solution between the KOS and OK hardens. In this case, if the horizontal seam 10 is made of insufficient viscous mortar, it is likely that the newly glued OK can drop under its weight to the previous lower row, which will lead to an unacceptable appearance of the lined wall. To eliminate such situations during the construction of enclosing walls, figure 7 shows a variant in which the protrusions of the stone 2 are located horizontally. Since usually the length L _{1 of the} stone 1 is greater than its height H ₁ , in this case it is possible to reduce the number of protrusions 3. In Fig. 7 there are only two of them - the upper and lower, and L ₁ = L ₂ , H ₁ = H ₂ . The bonding mechanism of stones 1 and 2 is the same as shown in figure 1.

Fig. 8 shows stone 1 in masonry, where the angle α <90 ° provides additional reliable engagement of stone 2 to CBS 1. A horizontal analogy of the case shown in Fig. 3 is illustrated here by dashed line 11 when the inner face of the lower protrusion 3a is inclined to the rear facets of stone 2 at an angle β> 180-α. In addition, in Fig. 8, there is no hole 7 on the stone 2, but additional grooves 15 are made, which allow additional brackets 13 to be inserted into the stone 2 and into non-through or through holes of the stone 1.

Such a horizontal system of protrusions 3 allows (in contrast to the case of FIG. 4) not to think about where the protrusions 3 are directed when laying the corners.

A further simplification of the design is shown in Fig. 9, where the stone 2 does not have a lower protrusion, and the upper expanding protrusion 3 reliably clings to the stone 1. The presence of an opening 7 or a groove 15, shown by a dotted line, allows for additional fastening by a flexible connection 13 to the stone 1.

With such a simple fastening system, it is possible to easily glue stones 1 and 2 under more difficult construction conditions. Moreover, laying of a number of stones 1 is possible first, after which a stone overlay 2 of any length is glued to them. Obviously, to reduce the number of stone cuts, the length of the braid L ₁ and the length OK L ₂ should be correlated with each other. Figure 10 shows that L ₂ = l, 5L ₁ . Variants are possible when L ₂ = 0.5L ₁ , L ₂ = 2L ₁ , which also gives additional architectural possibilities.

The variant shown in Fig. 9 makes it possible to simplify the manufacture of not only stone 2, but also stone 1, which is very important, since in the case of using “warm” wall stones, for example, from polystyrene concrete, multi-slit expanded clay concrete, sawdust concrete, etc. the presence of more than one groove on the facing surface reduces the strength of the stone. In the case of Fig. 9, one protrusion 3 glued to the stone 1 will not significantly change the strength of the collected stone. And when using the “warm” stones mentioned above and a similar cladding system, we have a ready-made wall of small weight with a reliable and simple cladding.

A further modification of the stones 2 is shown in FIG. 11, where on the upper face of the stone 2 there is a protrusion 16 that falls into a wider groove 17 located on the lower face of the next stone 1. Here the stones 1 are connected by adhesive solution 9. Obviously, similar protrusions can be on one side of the stone 2 (shown by dotted line 18), and on the other side of the stone there must be corresponding grooves. Such a system of additional grooves and protrusions on the stones 2 additionally ensures the reliability of fastening the cladding to the OS without increasing the cost of construction.

Claims (5)

1. The system of cladding of external walls, which includes small-piece main stones from which the external wall is laid out, and facing stones with front, rear, upper, lower and side faces, as well as with vertical or horizontal protrusions on the back face, characterized in that the main stones have one or more grooves on the outer face, corresponding to one or more protrusions on the facing stones, while the dimensions of the grooves exceed the size of the corresponding protrusions by the size of the adhesive joint that holds the stone together to each other, at least one protrusion on the rear face of the facing stone is made inclined to the rear face of the facing stone at an angle α <90˚, while the outer protrusions on the rear face of the facing stone have inner faces inclined by an angle β ≥ 180˚ - α, while the dimensions of the main stones are a multiple of the dimensions of the facing stones. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that on all faces of the facing stone, except for the front, grooves or other roughnesses are made. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the protrusions of the facing stone expands towards the main stone. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the protrusions of the facing stone has a through or through hole and / or grooves along the lateral and / or upper and lower faces of the facing stone parallel to the facade face. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that additional protrusions are made on the upper face and on one side face, and corresponding grooves are larger on the lower face and on the other side than the additional protrusions.

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