RU2528758C1 - Method to erect external building walls - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method to erect external building walls includes installation of multi-layer construction blocks from haydite concrete onto a foundation along the perimeter. Blocks are installed horizontally or vertically onto construction masonry mortar in the form of pillars and are balanced along the vertical line, after gaining sufficient strength of construction mortar to multi-layer construction blocks with the help of self drilling screws at external and internal side they attach a detachable or non-detachable formwork in the form of shields or tile faсade elements, then they build in the formwork cavity with capsulated haydite concrete, they tie the multi-layer units with the embedded part of the wall by means of reinforcement coil meshes, installed in horizontal joints between construction blocks, at the same time construction blocks are adhered to the solid part of the wall due to available grooves on adjacent surfaces.

EFFECT: simplified technology of erection of external walls of a building, reduction of its prime cost due to minimum material consumption.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

A known method of erecting the outer wall of a monolithic-frame building, protected by patent RU C2 2193635, ЕВВ 2/84, ЕВВ 1/16, publ. 11/27/2002.

The known method consists in the fact that the multilayer wall structure is formed from the inside of the building under construction, for which the facade plate is first fixed to the ceiling, then a layer of insulation is fixed on its inner surface, after which the reinforcing cage and the inner formwork are installed, concrete is poured and, after the concrete has hardened, the internal the formwork is removed. Sealing joints between the plates is also carried out from the inside of the building. The facade plate has a decorative outer surface, and four anchor elements are mounted in its body from the side of the inner surface, one in each corner zone, two located along the lower edge of the plate have the shape of rods and two along the upper edge, are U-shaped trusses with downward slope, while the height of the anchor elements is essentially equal to the total thickness of the layers of the multilayer wall following the facade plate.

In the described method, the multilayer structure formed by this method is quite heavy, does not provide the necessary heat, moisture, sound insulation, requires internal initial decoration.

The closest in technical essence is the method of erecting the outer wall of a monolithic building (patent RU 2336395, EV 2/84, publ. 20.10.2008), including the installation of multilayer wall panels from the inside of the building, characterized in that the manufacture of multilayer wall panels by the method of PP. 6-10 are carried out at a construction site in special forms equipped with wheels, ready-made multi-layer wall panels on forms equipped with wheels are transported to the installation site, removed from the mold, formwork partitions are removed, lips are removed poured multilayer wall panels on the perimeter of the foundation, secured the multilayer wall panels together by ligating the metal rods protruding from them from the side, laying metal rods in the PVC pipes and cavities, filling the reinforcement with concrete in small portions, periodically tamping, installing slabs, connecting communications Install windows and doors.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the method of construction of the outer wall of a monolithic building.

The objective of the proposed method is to improve the operational and environmental properties of the outer walls of the building.

The technical result is to simplify the technology of construction of the outer walls of the building and reduce its cost due to the minimum consumption of material.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of erecting the outer walls of the building, including installing multilayer building blocks of expanded clay concrete on the foundation around the perimeter, the blocks are laid out horizontally or vertically on the masonry mortar in the form of columns and leveled vertically, after gaining the required strength of the mortar to multi-layer building blocks using self-tapping screws from the outside and inside, a removable or fixed formwork in the form of shields is screwed slab facade elements, then monolithic space between walls is encapsulated with expanded clay concrete, multilayer blocks are connected to the monolithic part of the wall by reinforcing masonry nets installed in horizontal seams between the building blocks, while the building blocks are glued to the monolithic part of the wall due to the hollows on the contacting surfaces. The interdeck space of the wall is monolithic with expanded clay granules of large fractions of 5-10 mm or 10-20 mm.

The drawing shows a diagram of the outer wall of a monolithic frame building:

1 - multilayer blocks;

2 - self-tapping screws;

3 - fixed formwork;

4 - removable formwork;

5 - encapsulated expanded clay;

6 - anchor.

The method of construction of the outer walls of the building is as follows.

Pre-fabricated multi-layer building blocks of expanded clay. The manufacture of a multilayer building block includes encapsulating the aggregate with a binder, feeding the capsules into the mold, followed by hardening, before filling the aggregate, for example expanded clay, it is successively sieved into fractions of 0.8-3 mm, 1-5 mm, 5-10 mm, 8 -12 mm, 10-16 mm, a cement-adhesive composition is prepared, consisting of cement, PVA and water or cement, a superplasticizer, latex powder and water, then the aggregate is mixed with the cement-adhesive composition, while the aggregate is laid in layers by fractions, for bottom fine aggregate fractions of 0.8-3 mm or 1-5 mm are used for it and the upper layer; for the middle layer, aggregate of a larger fraction of 5-10 mm, or 8-12 mm, or 10-16 mm is used, with the lower and upper layers can be made with decorative finishes, and the layers are laid sequentially and continuously, the layers laid in the form are protected from heat loss by heat-insulating material (patent RU No. 2401367, publ. 10.10.2010).

The construction of the wall begins with the layout of the multilayer building blocks 1 along the perimeter of the walls of the building, and the thickness of the wall of the building being constructed is equal to the design thickness of the multilayer block. Blocks can be laid out both horizontally and vertically. Blocks are laid on a masonry mortar in the form of columns and leveled vertically.

After gaining the required strength of the mortar to the multilayer building blocks with self-tapping screws 2, fixed 3 or removable 4 formwork in the form of shields or plate facade elements are screwed from the outer and inner sides of the wall.

After the formwork is installed, the inter-deck space of the wall is monolithic with encapsulated expanded clay 5. For the connection of multilayer blocks with the monolithic part of the wall, an additional device of known reinforcing masonry nets is provided. The main connection of multilayer building blocks occurs when gluing blocks with a monolithic part of the wall due to the existing depressions on the contacting surface of the block and the monolithic part of the wall. Good filling of the monolithic part of the wall occurs due to the high ductility of expanded clay granules. Locking does not require vibration. Fixed formwork provides immediate technical and operational properties of the wall. The connection of fixed formwork with a monolithic part of the wall is provided through anchoring 6 devices provided for in the manufacture of fixed formwork.

After removal of the removable formwork, plastering of the walls is carried out with known stucco compounds, providing the wall with all the necessary operational properties.

The inner and outer layers of the multilayer building block are made of small fractions of expanded clay 1-5 mm and have good nails and the ability to good and reliable fastening of the formwork.

Between the multilayer building blocks, the wall is monolithic by capsulation of expanded clay granules of larger fractions of 5-10 mm or 10-20 mm. Multilayer blocks are installed in the form of columns on a cement-sand mortar with vertical leveling using any known tool. For more reliable adhesion of the multilayer block to the monolithic section of the wall in the horizontal seams between the blocks, laying of a masonry metal or fiberglass mesh is provided.

As a formwork for filling in, non-removable formwork can be used in the form of moisture-proof drywall on the inside and a plate of facade artificial stone on the outside.

The set of strength of the monolithic part of the wall occurs at a temperature of more than +10 degrees Celsius during the day. At subzero temperatures, encapsulated concrete must be protected and warmed up to set strength.

After the strength of the monolithic sections has been set, the formwork is removed and the walls are plastered from the outside and the inside with known stucco compounds having the necessary performance properties. The operational characteristics of the wall will be identical to those of a multilayer building block.

High environmental cleanliness of the exterior walls of the building is achieved through the use of environmentally friendly natural raw materials and low consumption of cement component, which leads to its high thermophysical, structural and operational properties. Consumption of cement per 1 m ² no more than 120 kg.

Claims (2)

1. A method of erecting the exterior walls of a building, including installing multilayer building blocks of expanded clay concrete on a perimeter foundation, characterized in that the blocks are installed horizontally or vertically on a masonry mortar in the form of columns and are leveled vertically, after gaining the required strength of the mortar to the multilayer building blocks with self-tapping screws from the outside and inside are screwed on a removable or fixed formwork in the form of shields or plate facade elements, z Then, the interdeck space of the wall is monolithic with encapsulated expanded clay concrete, multilayer blocks are connected to the monolithic part of the wall by reinforcing masonry nets installed in horizontal seams between the building blocks, while the building blocks are glued to the monolithic part of the wall due to the depressions on the contacting surfaces. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the interdeck space of the wall is monolithic with expanded clay granules of large fractions of 5-10 mm or 10-20 mm.

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