RU2535923C1 - System for radio communication with mobile objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: method is carried out by including, on a mobile aerial object, an information compression unit and setting up satellite radio channels between a ground-based system and an aerial object.

EFFECT: longer range of transmitting reliable data from a high-speed sensor of a mobile aerial object to a ground-based system.

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Description

The invention relates to radio means of data exchange and can be used for high-speed information exchange between mobile airborne objects (AT) and ground-based complexes (SC) in air-ground channels.

Currently, a messaging system is widely used abroad between on-board radio-electronic equipment of mobile airborne objects (aircraft) and ground services (ACARS) [1]. The system provides a call for voice communication and data transfer between mobile airborne objects and ground services. The on-board communication unit in this system is a computer. The main channel for exchanging current information is the meter (MB) channel. The exchange of information between ground services and airborne systems is carried out by the ground-based complex. He interviews mobile airborne objects located in his service area and collects the necessary information from them. The on-board system in this case operates in the address polling mode. In order for the on-board system to be able to work in the address polling mode, it needs to enter service in the ground system in direct access mode [2].

The disadvantages of the presented messaging system between airborne electronic equipment of VO and ground services include the low amount of transmitted information and insufficient noise immunity.

A known radio communication system with moving objects [3], consisting of ground and airborne transceiver radios, between which, in accordance with the laid down algorithms, data is exchanged. In this system, while moving, moving airborne objects located within the radio horizon exchange data with the ground-based complex. Messages received by a ground-based radio station from the air-to-ground channel via data transmission equipment are sent to a computer-based workstation computer (AWP), where, in accordance with the exchange protocol adopted in the system, the address received in the message is identified with the addresses of the moving air objects stored in the memory of their airborne computers. If the address of the moving air object coincides with the address stored in the list, information about the location, parameters of the HE movement and the state of its sensors is displayed on the monitor screen of the ground workstation. In the PC-based automated workstation computer, the problem of ensuring constant radio communication with all N BOs is solved. When you go beyond the radio horizon, at least one of the VO or approaching the boundary of the zone of stable radio communications, one of the VO is determined programmatically, which is assigned by the message relay. Based on the results of the analysis of the location and motion parameters of the remaining HEs, the optimal paths for delivering messages to the selected mobile airborne object remote from the SC for a radio horizon are determined. The message from the NK through a serial chain consisting of (N-1) air objects can be delivered to the N-th VO. To do this, on the NK in the shaper of the type of relayed messages, the number of the VO assigned by the relay and the addresses of the moving air objects that provide the specified message traffic are laid down in a predetermined category (header) of the transmitted codegram. Messages received at the VO are analyzed in a message type analysis unit. After analysis, the question of sending data via a bi-directional bus to the facility’s control system or relaying them to a neighboring VO is resolved.

In the normal mode with the NK, when signal relaying is not required, VO address polling is carried out by forming a message for transmission to the radio channel in accordance with the exchange protocol. The message typed by the operator (dispatcher) is displayed on the AWP monitor. After passing through the on-board antenna, radio station, and data transmission equipment, the signal arrives at the on-board computer, where the address received in the message is identified with the own address of the mobile airborne object. Next, the message is transmitted to the analysis unit of the type of relayed message, where the received header (service part) of the message is decrypted and it is determined in what mode the VO equipment should work. The information part of the message is recorded in the memory of the on-board computer and, if necessary, is displayed on the screen of the data recording unit.

Shapers of the type of relayed messages allow for the exchange of digital data on the air-ground channel instead of existing voice information. They are designed to select permission / information / request message elements that correspond to the accepted speech phraseology, and to set up arbitrary text. Display of dialed and received messages is carried out on the data recording unit VO and the monitor workstation NK, respectively. Messages from the outputs of the signal receivers of global navigation satellite systems are recorded in the memory of ground and airborne computers with reference to global time and are used to calculate the navigation characteristics and motion parameters of each HE. Accepted by the NK navigation messages from all VOs are processed in the calculator and displayed on the AWP monitor screen.

However, the following disadvantages are inherent in the analogue: low information transfer rate and limitation of the communication range by the number of operational HEs, which allow organizing data traffic to the selected air target.

The closest in purpose and most of the essential features is a radio communication system with moving objects [4], which is taken as a prototype. The system consists of a ground-based complex containing a ground-based antenna, a radio station connected by two-way communications via data transmission equipment (ADF) to the corresponding first input / output of a computer of a workstation (AWP). The first input of the workstation calculator is connected to the receiver of signals of global navigation satellite systems, the second input is connected to the workstation control panel, and the output is connected to the workstation monitor. Shaper type relayed messages is connected to the corresponding input of the computer workstation. The hub is connected to local area networks (LANs), which in turn are connected by two-way communications with the corresponding inputs / outputs of the ground directional antenna, ground antenna switch, ground communication equipment and with each of the A workstations, consisting of a workstation computer connected to the console output AWP control and with arm monitor input. Each of B interface units consists of series-connected second ground-based data transmission equipment and an interface device with a communication channel, the output of which is the input / output of the system. The terrestrial directional antenna through the antenna switch is connected by two-way communication with the corresponding input / output of ground communication equipment. The ground leveling unit is connected to the ground directional antenna by mechanical connections.

Each of the N mobile airborne objects includes on-board sensors, a signal receiver for global navigation satellite systems, an analyzer of the type of received messages and an on-board driver of the type of relayed messages, each of which is connected to the corresponding inputs of the on-board computer. The output of the on-board computer is connected to the input of the data recording unit, and the input / output is connected to the bi-directional bus of the control system for a moving air object. The on-board computer is connected to the on-board antenna through a series-connected on-board data transmission equipment and a radio station. On-board communication equipment, on-board directional antenna, on-board antenna switch, on-board leveling unit are connected by two-way communications with the corresponding inputs / outputs of the on-board computer. The airborne leveling unit is connected to the airborne directional antenna by mechanical connections. Data transmission from the ND is provided through a chain of series-connected first mobile airborne objects, the second VO and further to the N-th VO, and data transmission from the N-th VO to the NK is carried out in the reverse order. On-board communication equipment through a series-connected on-board antenna switch, the on-board directional antenna is connected through the air to a ground-based directional antenna. In the modes of relay and data exchange, the onboard directional antenna of the 1st VO is connected over the air with the onboard directional antenna of the 2nd VO and so on to the Nth VO.

The prototype has the following disadvantages:

- when transmitting high-speed data from a VO remote over the horizon along a chain of successively connected moving air objects, due to the finite antenna pointing time, an additional information delay occurs and new errors appear in it, and if one of the VO selected as a repeater malfunctions or the pointing accuracy is inaccurate information on the radiation pattern of the transmitting antenna of the previous BO repeater will occur on it;

- mutual guidance of antenna patterns when relaying high-speed information eliminates data transmission to the NK, which reduces the effectiveness of the main purpose of the system;

- due to the lack of taking into account the terrain, and, consequently, the closing angles, when flying in a VO with a source of information, sharp “breaks” in communication may occur, as in the case of uncertainty about the exact location of the next in order VO repeater;

- the relay mode completely excludes the mode of transmission of "raw" high-speed information from VO.

Thus, the main technical problem to which the invention is directed is to increase the transmission range of reliable data from a high-speed sensor of a moving air object to a ground-based complex due to:

- reduction of data redundancy by means of processing them on board the HE;

- use for the horizontal transmission of the most important information of satellite communication channels and the constellation of satellites;

- simultaneous transmission of raw high-speed information (in the presence of direct (optical) visibility) from the VO and processed (to reduce redundancy) - through different channels at different frequencies of the range allocated for communication.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a radio communication system with moving objects, consisting of a ground-based complex containing a ground-based antenna, a radio station connected by two-way communications through data transmission equipment (ADF) to the corresponding first input / output of a computer of a workstation, the first input of which is connected to the receiver of signals of navigation satellite systems, the second input to the AWP control panel, and the output to the AWP monitor, a hub connected to the local computer Networks (LANs), which in turn are connected by two-way communications to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the terrestrial directional antenna, ground-based antenna switch, ground-based communication equipment, each of the A workstation, consisting of a workstation computer connected to the output of the workstation control panel and to the monitor input AWP, to each of B interface blocks, consisting of a second ground-based data transmission equipment and a pairing device with a communication channel in series, the input / output of which is the input / output of the system, the ground direction The antenna through the antenna switch is connected by two-way communication with the corresponding input / output of ground communication equipment, the ground leveling unit is connected to the ground directional antenna by mechanical connections, N mobile air objects, each of which includes on-board sensors, a signal receiver of navigation satellite systems, each which is connected to the corresponding inputs of the on-board computer, an analyzer of the type of received messages and on-board communication equipment, on-board directional ant on, the onboard antenna switch, the onboard leveling block, each of which is connected by two-way communications with the corresponding inputs of the onboard computer, the output of which is connected to the input of the data recording unit, and the input / output is on the bi-directional bus of the airborne control system, the onboard computer is connected through the on-board computer data transmission equipment and a radio station are connected to the onboard antenna, the onboard leveling block is connected to the onboard directional antenna by mechanical connections, b Ortho communication equipment through a series-connected on-board antenna switch, an on-board directional antenna is connected through the air to a ground-based directional antenna, additionally introduced on the NK — a ground-based satellite communications station with an antenna connected by two-way communications to a LAN, and on each BO — an on-board satellite communications station with an antenna and an information compression unit, each of which is connected by two-way communications with the corresponding inputs of the on-board computer, the ground-based satellite communication station with the antenna is connected to intercom with the on-board satellite communication station with the antenna through the constellation of satellites.

The figure shows a radio communication system with moving objects, where indicated:

1 - ground complex;

2 - an air object;

3 - on-board computer;

4 - airborne sensors;

5 - an on-board receiver of signals of navigation satellite systems;

6 - data recording unit;

7 - on-board data transmission equipment;

8 - airborne radio station;

9 - an onboard antenna;

10 - ground antenna;

11 - terrestrial radio station;

12 - the first ground-based data transmission equipment;

13 - computer workstation;

14 - ground-based receiver signals of navigation satellite systems;

15 - monitor workstation;

16 - AWP control panel;

17 is an analyzer of the type of received messages,

18 - bidirectional tire control system of an air object;

19 - information compression unit;

20 - on-board satellite communication station with antenna;

21 - on-board communication equipment;

22 - on-board antenna switch;

23 - side directional antenna;

24 - airborne leveling block;

25 - ground directional antenna;

26 - ground leveling block;

27 - local area networks;

28 - antenna switch;

29 - ground communication equipment;

30 - workstation;

31 - one of the B second terrestrial ADF block 33 pair;

32 - a device for interfacing with a communication channel;

34 - input / output system;

35 - hub;

36 - ground station satellite communications with the antenna;

37 - constellation of communication satellites.

The double solid lines in the figure indicate mechanical bonds. Auxiliary elements of power supply, control and others that do not affect the fulfillment of the purpose of the invention are not included in the structural diagram of the system.

The algorithm of the system consists in its constant adaptation to the mutual position of the NK 1 and mobile air objects 2. This problem is solved by organizing, within the direct (optical) visibility, the exchange of data between the equipment of air objects 2 and ground complex 1 simultaneously over three radio channels: narrow-band, used for the exchange of tele-control-tele-signaling data, satellite and broadband with a higher carrier frequency (above 2 GHz), directed to radio communication channels. When VO 2 goes beyond the radio horizon from NK 1, partially compressed data is exchanged from a high-performance on-board sensor via a satellite radio channel. Communication satellites provide reliable information transmission over distances of up to 15,000 km, and when using the constellation of relay satellites - over even greater distances [5].

A radio communication system with moving objects operates as follows. In a noise-free environment during movement, mobile airborne objects located within the radio horizon exchange remote control-telealarm data with the ground-based complex 1 via a narrow-band communication channel. The messages received by the ground-based radio station 11 from the air-to-ground channel through the data transmission apparatus 12 are sent to the computer 13 AWP 30, built, for example, on the basis of the Baget series personal computer. In the calculator 13 AWP 30, in accordance with the exchange protocol adopted in the system, the address received in the message is identified with the addresses of the moving air objects stored in the memory of the calculator 13 AWP. In some cases, NK 1 can provide data exchange with only one VO. If the address of the moving air object coincides with the address stored in the list, information about the location, movement parameters of VO 2 _i and the state of its sensors are displayed on the monitor screen 15 AWP NK 1. The following tasks are solved in calculator 13 AWP 30: reception and transmission of signals from N terrestrial radio channels a satellite communication station 36 with an antenna and a second terrestrial APD 31, comparison of image quality from a high-performance on-board sensor, which is part of the sensors 4, received from one mobile airborne object 2 over a broadband (esl VO 2 is located within the radio horizon), and the satellite radio channel; receiving data on the actual position of the bottom of the ground directional antenna 25 and the state of the ground communications equipment 29; generation of timing signals for switching the transmission-reception modes of the antenna switch 28, control signals: the position of the bottom of the ground directional antenna 25 in azimuth and elevation, the ground leveling block 26, operating modes BO 2; reception and processing of control signals from all electronic components of the system, signals from the output of the ground receiver 14 signals of navigation satellite systems; receiving and transmitting data through the interface unit 33 via bus 34 to information consumers; formation on the screen of the monitor 15 AWP 30 of the picture in accordance with the information received from BO 2 and auxiliary information in the form of graphic lines, symbols and other images; display of receipts and reports on operating modes of VO 2, NK 1, AWP 30; tracking the location of all BO 2 in the radio communication zone, ensuring constant radio communication with all N BO 2; optimal control of their movement; conflict resolution and other operations.

On-board computer 3 performs: distribution of time for reception and transmission of signals from (to) NK 1; receiving data on the actual position of the bottom of the onboard directional antenna 23 and the state of the onboard communications equipment 21; generation of timing signals for switching transmission-reception modes of the onboard antenna switch 22, generation of control signals: position of the bottom of the onboard directional antenna 23 in azimuth and elevation, onboard leveling block 24, operating modes of the BO 2 equipment; receiving and processing control signals from all radio electronic components of the HE with the transmission of the processing result to the NK 1, as well as signals from the output of the on-board receiver 5 signals of navigation satellite systems; receiving and transmitting data on the bus 18 to the respective consumers of information; the formation on the screen of the unit 6 for recording image data in accordance with the information received from the TC 1 and supporting information from the nodes in 2 in the form of graphic lines, characters and other images; display of control commands with NK 1 operating modes of the VO 2 nodes; tracking the location of NK 1 and all VO 2 in the radio communication zone when placing unit 6 on board VO 2 in flight or in the remote version - during pre-flight preparation; ensuring constant radio communication with a given NK 1, optimal control of the movement of its own VO 2; conflict resolution and other operations.

These operations are carried out programmatically with the help of additional modules structurally integrated into the computers 3 and 13 of the workstation or made as separate nodes included in the "frame" of these computers. All AWP 30 are identical in structure and software. The AWP control panel 16, designed to perform known operations [1], may consist, for example, of a keyboard and a graphic manipulator. The number of AWP 30 is determined by the required productivity of operators (dispatchers), the number of consumers of information and the amount of information they consume. The on-board computer 3 may consist of several processors connected by a common bus. All AWS 30 are connected to each other and to other units of the system using local-area networks 27. LAN 27 can consist of several interfaces with its physical lines, for example, MKIO, Ethernet, RS-232 and others [6, 7].

For a microwave communication line in accordance with the recommendations of the International Commission on Radio Frequencies, for example, the LDRCL bands (1710-1850) MHz, RCL bands (7125-8500) MHz or others having characteristic windows of radio transparency of the atmosphere can be selected. A feature of the broadband radio communication line is that in the ground and airborne communication equipment 29 and 21, to increase the noise immunity, encoding of transmitted data, combined modulation methods, methods of combating fading in multipath propagation of radio waves, and directional antennas 23 and 25 with a narrow BOTTOM are used ( from 1 to 10 °) [8].

The coding, modulation and anti-fading operations of the radio signal are carried out in the on-board and ground communication equipment 21 and 29. The communication equipment 21 and 29 consists, for example, of a microwave radio station and corresponding data processing and transmission equipment. The encoding of the transmitted data can be carried out, for example, using convolutional coding according to Viterbi with a soft solution and using modified decision feedback [6, 7]. To combat fading in the conditions of multipath propagation of radio waves, for example, a broadband signal and reception of time-spaced signals according to the REIK scheme can be used, which provides separation and adaptive weight addition of signals in the dynamics of the multipath profile [8, 9]. In a radio station, for example, a method for directly modulating an intermediate frequency signal with a phase-manipulated pseudo-random sequence can be used to create a broadband signal. In some embodiments, pseudo-random carrier frequency tuning may be used.

As antennas 23 and 25, for example, active phased antenna arrays or parabolic antennas with electromechanical control of the position of the bottom of the beam can be used. Sector for scanning the beam of the bottom of the antenna 25 in azimuth 360 °, in elevation almost from 0 to 180 ° (excluding closing angles and communication features at elevation angles near 90 °). The position of the DND is controlled, for example, programmatically using calculators 3, 13 and additional modules that are structurally integrated into the calculators 3 and 13 of the workstation or made in the form of separate nodes included in the "frame" of these calculators. Maintaining the position of the center of the DND in the direction toward the selected system object during the maneuvers of VO 2 or NK 1 is provided by means of leveling blocks 24 and 26, controlled by data from calculators 3, 13. The DND is guided by finding the spatial vector between two objects of the system and the direction in DND centers of the corresponding system objects. For this, taking into account the tendency (extrapolation) of movement with reference to the unified universal time, the exact coordinates of VO 2 and NK 1 are used, calculated from the output signals of receivers 5 and 14 of navigation satellite systems, for example, GLONASS / GPS [10]. In a simplified version of the system, a passive antenna with a circular bottom beam in azimuth and with a small directivity in elevation with a gain of (3-10) dB can be installed on VO 2. In this case, the functional relationship of the on-board computer 3 with the on-board antenna 23 and the leveling unit 24 may be absent. To protect the antennas 23 and 25 from external influences, for example, radiotransparent shelters not shown in the figure can be used. For the option of using parabolic antennas with electromechanical control of the BOTTOM position on NK 1, under the radiotransparent shelter, scanning devices of the ground antenna 25 in azimuth and elevation and corresponding sensors, antenna switch 28, leveling block 26 and, to reduce radio signal loss in the antenna-feeder path, ground communications equipment 29.

Information blocks 12, 14 is processed in the calculator 13 of one of the workstation, for example the first. The data obtained via LAN 27 is distributed between the other computers 13 of the AWP 30 and, if necessary, is transmitted through one of the B second terrestrial ADFs 31 of the interface unit 33 and the interface unit 32 to the communication channel of the interface unit 33 via the bus 34 to the corresponding information consumer. Messages from the consumer of information to the computers 13 AWP 30 and VO 2 are transmitted through the same nodes, but in the reverse order. Depending on the amount of information required for processing and generating messages to the consumer, several AWPs can be used 30. Data exchange via LAN 27 is organized by known methods using a hub 35, which can be performed, for example, as a terminal device for the ICIE interface [6, 7 ].

When you go beyond the radio horizon, at least one of the VO 2, or approaching the border of the stable radio communication zone in the direct (optical) visibility channels through which the "raw" (unprocessed) information is transmitted, the probability of erroneous reception becomes higher than the specified one. Therefore, on NK 1, after receiving a signal-to-noise ratio less than required in a broadband radio channel, they programmatically switch to using partially compressed information using block 19, which is transmitted to NK 1 through a chain of serially connected on-board computer 3, on-board satellite communication station 20 with an antenna, constellations 37 communication satellites, ground station 36 satellite communications with the antenna and then distributed over the LAN 27 to the corresponding AWP 30. In this case, automatically one or more interconnected with communication travelers from the constellation 37 will be used as repeaters for some time. If the performance of the high-speed sensor (one of the on-board sensors 4) after coding, interleaving, and other operations does not exceed the throughput of the satellite radio channel, then the functions of block 19 are reduced to converting the data formats from the output of the high-speed sensor in accordance with the required for the on-board satellite communication station 20 with antenna. Before the flight, data on the sequence of using satellites from the constellation 37 during the movement of VO 2 along a given route is entered into the on-board computer 3 via bus 18. Checking the operation of this channel is carried out before the flight during monitoring the functioning of the entire system. As a high-speed sensor, for example, radar, infrared, television cameras and others can be used. Information compression operations in block 19 can be carried out, for example, as in radar after using secondary information processing, which allows reducing the required data rate in the communication channel by several orders of magnitude [11].

According to the communication plan laid down in the on-board computer 3 during pre-flight preparation of VO 2, depending on the location and motion parameters, communication satellites from the constellation 37 are determined to ensure the delivery of messages to an airborne object remote from the airborne horizon 1 and to transmit information from the high-speed sensor processed in block 19 from it included in airborne sensors 4.

Nodes 7, 8, 9, which form the basis of the on-board communication complex of the MB range, and nodes 10, 11, 12, which form the basis of the ground-based communication complex for transmitting low-speed information, can be reserved to increase the reliability of communication. Then one of the inputs / outputs of the on-board computer 3 must be connected to the second chain, consisting of nodes 7, 8, 9 connected in series, and on NK 1 one of the inputs / outputs of the ground computer 13 of any of the AWS 30 must also be connected to the corresponding second a chain consisting of series-connected nodes 12, 11, 10. In this case, in the ground computer 13 of one of the workstations defined by the master, operations are carried out to evaluate the reliability of the information received from VO 2 via two low-speed radio channels and process any more reliable information.

The received data is processed in the analysis block 17 of the type of messages of the airborne object 2. If the message is intended for this VO 2, then after analysis the issue of sending data to the registration unit 6 or via a bi-directional bus 18 to the VO control system not indicated in the figure is solved.

When exchanging data on air-ground lines, especially in the presence of an interference environment, reducing the reliability of data transmission in a low-speed radio channel, the control of the microwave signal traffic is carried out from the ground computer 13 in accordance with the algorithm consisting in the fact that the transmitting side of the corresponding BO 2 is induced the antenna pattern on the antenna pattern of the receiving side of the NK 1 and transmit signals. At the receiving side by known methods [4, 9], the reliability of information transmission is measured. The resulting confidence score is passed in the opposite direction. This data with reference to a single time and coordinates (location) of VO 2 is stored for further use in the communication process. Then, on the transmitting side, the reliability level of information transmission coming from the direction of the receiving side is estimated. At low reliability, by processing data on the position of all VO 2 stored in the ground computer 13, the data obtained via a satellite radio channel composed of blocks 20, 37, 36 is processed.

For the sequential execution of these operations at a given point in time, the current location of all the VO 2 and NK 1 is determined, the extrapolation points of location of the corresponding system objects during the planned communication session are calculated in the ground computer 13, the centers of the radiation patterns of the antennas NK 1 and the served VO 2 are mutually guided tracking him while driving. Then, data is exchanged between the corresponding objects of the system and, after receiving confirmation of admission, this procedure is repeated with the second VO 2 and so on. If the direction on the i-th VO 2 coincides with the direction to the interference source, the position of which is determined in the ground computer 13 based on the results of evaluating the reliability of the received information from all VO 2, the data of the satellite radio channel are used. In NK 1 and VO 2, with the help of appropriate calculators, the centers of the antenna radiation patterns are mutually guided and the corresponding objects are tracked during their movement. To do this, from the ground computer 13 NK 1, which has a greater amount of information about the air situation in its area of responsibility compared with the airborne computers VO 2, the corresponding messages are constantly exchanged with all VO 2.

After receiving confirmation on the NK 1 about the reliable reception of information on the VO 2 in the computer 13 AWP 30, the following message is automatically generated to the address of the managed VO 2. This message, having passed through the same chain considered earlier, but only in the reverse order, is sent to the corresponding on-board computer 3 and, if necessary, is displayed on the screen of the airborne data recording unit 6.

For the convenience of resolving a conflict situation by the NK 1 operator in the presence of an interference situation, the screen of each monitor 15 AWP 30 NK 1 can display the position of each VO 2 relative to the NK 1. To display the trend of each VO 2 on the monitor screen 15, the AWP 30 calculator produces marks, characterizing the previous location of VO 2 and extrapolation marks characterizing the location of VO 2 after a given time interval. As the VO 2 moves, the outdated marks are erased. The position of the flight path of all VO 2 in the service area of NK 1 is stored in the memory of the computer 13 AWP for a given period of time.

In normal mode, in an interference-free environment with NK 1, when signal retransmission is not required, an address interrogation of VO 2 is carried out by forming a message for transmission to the radio channel in accordance with the exchange protocol. The message dialed by the operator (dispatcher) from any of the AWP 30 control panels 16 is displayed on the AWP monitor 15 and in parallel on the NK 1 after the signal has passed through the AWP 30 calculator 13, data transmission equipment 12, radio station 11, antenna 10, and BO 2 through on-board : antenna 9, radio station 8, data transmission equipment 7 enters the on-board computer 3, where the address received in the message is identified with its own address VO 2. If the addresses match, the message is transmitted to the analysis unit 17 of the type of relayed message for I decrypt the service part of the received message and determine the operating mode of the VO 2 equipment. The information part of the message is recorded in the memory of the on-board computer 3 and, if necessary, is displayed on the screen of the data recording unit 6, which can be made in the form of a monitor or other display device.

Depending on the number of airborne objects and the number of interrogations of messages in the radio channel, the system uses dynamic algorithms for exchanging messages and effectively controlling the flight of VO 2. When changing the jamming situation, the relative position of NK 1 and VO 2, violation of the flight mode of the air object and other parameters in the computers 3 and 13, a warning signal is automatically generated about a possible “disconnection” of communication, information about which is displayed on the screens of data recording unit 6 and monitor 15 AWP. The visual picture can be enhanced with a sound effect. As a result of analyzing the state and loading of the radio channels in the calculator 13 AWP 30 NK 1 and choosing the best of them, the number of collisions of messages in the communication channels is determined and, when this number exceeds the maximum permissible, the system goes into address polling mode to streamline the operation of the air data channel -Earth". In order to avoid collisions in the radio channel during the simultaneous transmission of messages by several objects, calculators 3 and 13 can, for example, monitor the carrier when the preamble or the header (the service part of the messages) is exposed to the radio station. A prepared message from VO 2 is transmitted only when the radio channel is free. In order to spread in time the moments of contacting airborne objects at a time when they found that the radio channel is busy, in computers 3 and 13, for example, a pseudo-random delay in transmitting messages from airborne objects 2 and NK 1 can be formed - for each object .

In the address polling mode, only NK 1 can be a communication initiator. If air objects 2 were formed to transmit a message and found that the radio channel is free, then they inform the rest of the air objects about the beginning of the data transfer cycle, including their location, and randomly distribute transmitted messages in the time slots allocated to them. On each of VO 2 in calculator 3, the level of the received carrier frequency signal in the radio channel is estimated and time-accurate synchronization pulses from the output of the receivers of global navigation systems are processed for transmission intervals. When the calculated transmission interval coincides with the established sequence, the moving air object 2 starts transmitting its own data packet in the selected time interval.

Messages from the outputs of receivers 5 and 14 of the signals of navigation satellite systems, for example, GLONASS / GPS, are recorded in the memory of computers 3 and 13 with reference to global time. In computers 3 and 13, this data is used to calculate the navigation characteristics and motion parameters of each HE in the radio communication zone of NK 1, as well as to orient the spatial patterns of the antenna patterns 23 and 25 of VO 2 and NK 1, respectively, including when the mobile version of NK 1 Depending on the selected time interval for the issuance of messages about the location of VO 2 in the computer 1 at the specified time, a corresponding message is generated with reference to the global time for measuring the coordinates of VO 2.

Received on NK 1, which is a ground-based point of reception, transmission, processing and display of information, navigation data located in the service part of the message, from all VO 2 are processed in the calculator 13 AWP and displayed on the monitor screen 15 AWP 30. A point characterizing the location of the LC 1, usually located in the center of the monitor screen 15 AWP 30. VO 2, located near the stable radio communication zone, stand out from the rest, for example, by the color of the mark on the monitor screen 15 AWP, and for them in computers 3 and 13 the solution of the transition problem begins and a satellite radio channel. To do this, constantly in the calculator 13 of one or several AWS 30 using known methods [4, 9], stable radio communication zones are evaluated for NK 1 and all VO 2. The presence of a receiver 14 of signals from navigation satellite systems allows you to control VO 2 and from mobile NK 1. V the data transmission equipment 7 and 12 carry out well-known operations: modulation and demodulation, encoding and decoding, and others [4, 9].

At the time of application, algorithms and software of the inventive radio communication system have been developed. Nodes 1-18, 21-35 are the same as the prototype. Equipment that implements the functions of nodes 20, 36, 37, is mass-produced. Computers 3 and 13 can be performed, for example, on a processor board 5066-586-133MHz-1MB, 2 MB Flash CPU Card manufactured by Octagon Systems and computers of the Baguette-01-07 type YuKSU.466225.001, respectively. Block 19 may be performed programmatically.

Using the inventive radio communication system with moving objects allows you to:

- increase the transmission range of the information processed using the block 19 from the high-speed onboard sensor;

- to carry out the simultaneous transmission of raw and compressed in block 19 information of the high-speed on-board sensor via microwave and satellite radio channels and selecting the best of them;

- to increase the noise immunity of data transmission by transmitting data in different frequency ranges.

The system can be used to exchange data between moving objects and control the movement of any aircraft, including a remotely controlled unmanned aerial vehicle.

LITERATURE

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Claims (1)

A radio communication system with moving objects, consisting of a ground-based complex (NK) containing a ground-based antenna, a radio station connected by two-way communications through data transmission equipment (ADF) to the corresponding first input / output of a computer of a workstation, the first input of which is connected to a receiver of navigation satellite signals systems, the second input is to the AWP control panel, and the output is to the AWP monitor, a hub connected to local area networks (LANs), which in turn are connected to by external communications to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the ground directional antenna, ground antenna switch, ground communication equipment, each of A workstation computers, consisting of a workstation computer connected to the output of the workstation control panel and to the workstation monitor input, to each of the B interface units, consisting of in series connected to the second ground-based data transmission equipment and the interface with the communication channel, the input / output of which is the input / output of the system, the ground directional antenna is connected through the antenna switch two-way communication with the corresponding input / output of ground communication equipment, the ground leveling unit is connected to the ground directional antenna by mechanical connections, N movable air objects, each of which includes airborne sensors, a signal receiver of navigation satellite systems with an antenna, each of which is connected to the corresponding on-board computer inputs, received message type analyzer and on-board communication equipment, on-board directional antenna, on-board antenna switch, on-board a horizontal leveling unit, each of which is connected by two-way communications with the corresponding inputs of the on-board computer, the output of which is connected to the input of the data recording unit, and the input / output is connected to the bidirectional bus of the airborne control system, the on-board computer is connected through the on-board data transmission equipment and the radio station to the airborne antenna, the airborne leveling block is connected to the airborne directional antenna by mechanical connections, the airborne communication equipment through the serial A properly connected on-board antenna switch, an on-board directional antenna is connected through the air to a ground-based directional antenna, characterized in that it is additionally inserted into it on an NK — a ground-based satellite communications station with an antenna connected by two-way communications to a LAN, and on each BO — an on-board satellite communications station with an antenna and an information compression unit, each of which is connected by two-way communications with the corresponding inputs of the on-board computer, the ground-based satellite communication station with the antenna is connected by two-way and links to the on-board satellite station to the antenna through the constellation of satellites.