RU2532918C1 - Stripping device for harvesting grain crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: stripping device comprises a feeler platform hinged on the grain combine harvester, with support elements with the control unit, the stripping drum, the bed, the screw with the rotary drive, the turning fairing with the control unit, the sensors and measuring devices of values of the parameters of working bodies. In the harvester cab the unit of recording and control of parameters of the working bodies is located, the alarm sounder of losses of stripping products, automated system of monitoring and controlling the parameters of the mechanisms of the harvester. The stripping drum has a drive with variable speed of rotation. The drive is made in the form of a belt contour. The belt contour is placed on the driving and driven pulleys of the discs fixed and movable in axial direction. The discs are moved by the units of axial movement. The device on the drive pulley of the belt contour is made in the form of a compression spring between the discs. The device of moving of the movable disc on the drive pulley is made in two embodiments. In the first embodiment the device is made in the form of a single action hydraulic cylinder. In the second embodiment, the device is made in the form of a double action hydraulic cylinder.

EFFECT: improvement of the performance characteristics and properties of the stripping device.

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Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The group of inventions relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to a device for harvesting grain crops by stripping the stands

State of the art

A combing device mounted on a copying platform mounted on a combine harvester with support shoes, a cantilever screw, a combing drum with a hydraulic drive mechanism and stepless variation of its rotation frequency, a casing with a mechanism for changing its “attack” angle, gauges for measuring the height of the grain stand, speed of the combing a drum mounted on a copying platform and a control unit for the mechanisms of the stripping device installed in the cab of a combine harvester [Patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 108906, IPC A01D 41/08. Cleaning device. Publ. 10/10/2011.].

This technical solution is aimed at increasing the level of automation of setting parameters and operating modes of the working bodies of the stripping device in the technological process of harvesting grain crops with towing.

The main disadvantage of the technical solution is its limited use for harvesting conditions with changing plant characteristics in terms of yield, height, lodging, etc., due to the inertia of the system: combing drum - hydraulic drive - hydraulic system - control unit. As a result of this, inadequate control actions (changes in the magnitude of the parameters of the working bodies — the frequency of rotation of the stripping drum) will be observed under real conditions — the characteristics of the stand.

In addition, the technical solution does not provide for the adjustment of the parameters of the working bodies of the stripping device according to one of the main criteria - the presence of losses of tow products, including between the stripping drum and the bed of its screw.

A number of research [Klenin N.I. Parameters of the device for towing plants on the vine / N.I. Klenin // Technical means for intensive technologies of agricultural production: Sat scientific / MIISP. Moscow. - 1992. - P.3-9 .; Buryanov A.I., Buryanov M.A. Modeling the process of towing crops with a single-drum header / A.I. Buryanov, M.A. Buryanov // Mechanization and electrification of agriculture. - 2012. - No. 4. - C.2-5.] Emphasize the urgency of such measures to “minimize" losses of tow products during the operation of the working bodies of the cleaning devices.

It is known a stripping device for harvesting crops from a copying platform mounted on a combine harvester with working bodies as part of its supporting elements on the field surface, a stripping drum with a drive and a variable frequency of rotation in the form of a belt loop on rotating driving and driven pulleys mounted on a copying platform from fixed disks and axially movable disks and devices for axial displacement of the latter relative to the first, a screw with a rotation drive, a bed of said screw, rotate fairing with a control mechanism installed on the copying platform of the sensors and its working bodies: rotational speed of the stripping drum, the height of the plants to be harvested, the height of the stripping drum above the field surface, the angle of attack of the rotary fairing and other parameters, the recording unit and controlling the indicated values parameters of working bodies located in the cab of a combine harvester and connected with sensors, measuring devices and control mechanisms of working bodies Relying platform through electrical wires, hydraulic lines and the remote control and automatic control and monitoring system parameters Harvester mechanisms [Russian Shelbourne. CVS Combine Header: Prospect (Shelbourne Reynolds Engineering Ltd // Stanton England. - www.russianshelbourne.ru.].

According to the technical nature and combination of essential features, the indicated stripping device is closest to the proposed technical solution and is taken as the closest analogue.

The combing device in conjunction with a combine harvester allows you to harvest crops with a high adaptation of the working parts of the combing device to the changing characteristics of the harvested plants by quickly changing the values of the parameters through the registration and control unit from the cab of the combine harvester, including the frequency of rotation of the harvesting drum, height the location of the copy platform above the surface of the field and the angle of "attack" of the rotary fairing.

The main disadvantages of the stripping device are:

- in the design of the stripping device there are no sensors and recorders for the loss of tow products at the stages of the technological process of the working bodies, in particular between the stripping drum and the auger bed. The algorithm for controlling the working bodies of the stripping device and changing the values of their parameters and operating modes does not take into account the criterion for the level of losses of tow products;

- the complexity of the design of the axial movement of the moving disks of the driving and driven pulleys of the belt circuit of the drive of the stripping drum, as well as its low maintainability in the event of failure.

All this as a whole reduces the operational characteristics and capabilities of the stripping device.

Disclosure of invention

The proposed solution solves the problem of improving the operational characteristics and capabilities of the stripping device by recording the loss of tow products between the stripping drum and the auger bed and quickly changing the values of the functioning parameters of the working bodies (for example, the speed of the stripping drum, etc.), as well as by simplifying and increasing maintainability of the design of devices for the axial movement of movable disks on the pulleys of the belt circuit of the drive of the stripping drum.

To achieve a technical result in a stripping device for harvesting grain crops from a copying platform mounted on a combine harvester with working bodies as part of its supporting elements on the field surface, a stripping drum with a drive and a variable frequency of rotation in the form of a belt loop on a rotating drive mounted on a copying platform and driven pulleys from disks fixed and axially movable disks and axial displacement devices of the latter relative to the first, the auger with drive rotated a bed of the aforementioned auger, rotary fairing with a control mechanism installed on the copying platform of sensors and measuring devices for the values of the parameters and operating modes of its working bodies: rotational speed of the stripping drum, plant height of the harvested stands, height of the stripping drum above the field surface, angle of attack »A rotary fairing and other parameters, the registration unit and control the specified values of the parameters of the working bodies located in the cab of the grain harvester MB and associated with sensors, measuring devices and control mechanisms of the working bodies of the copying platform by means of electric wires, hydraulic lines and remote control, as well as an automated system for monitoring and controlling the parameters of the mechanisms of the combine harvester, according to the invention, the auger bed on the side of the combing drum is additionally equipped with a tow loss product sensor between the bed and the stripping drum after they leave the last and the sound alarm of losses in the cabs e of the combine harvester, while the supporting elements of the copying platform are equipped with a control mechanism, in addition, the axial movement of the movable disk relative to the stationary disk on the driven belt pulley is made in the form of a connection between these disks by means of a compression spring, and the axial movement of the movable disk relative to the fixed disk on the drive belt pulley it is made in the form of a single-acting hydraulic cylinder, coupled with its housing with a fixed di com and rod with a movable disk and with a compression spring placed between the indicated disks, or made in the form of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder pivotally mounted by the body on the copying platform and connected by a rod with one end of the two-shouldered lever pivotally mounted by the middle part on the support of the copying platform, while the second its end is provided with a fork kinematically coupled by means of a release bearing to said movable disk.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by increasing the operating characteristics and capabilities of the stripping device due to the operational change of the parameters of the stripping drum (its rotation frequency) taking into account the minimum losses of tow products between the stripping drum and the auger bed, as well as simplifying and improving maintainability of the design of axial moving devices disks on pulleys of a belt contour of a drive of a stripping drum.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings:

figure 1 shows a diagram of the stripping device in the working position, according to the options for performing the device for the axial movement of the moving disks on the pulleys of the belt circuit in the form of single-acting (a) and double-acting (b) hydraulic cylinders, side view from the left;

figure 2 shows views aa of figure 1 (a) and bb of figure 1 (b);

figure 3 shows a diagram of the hanging of the stripping device on a combine harvester, plan view.

The implementation of the invention

The cleaning device includes a mounted copying platform 1 with working bodies. The structure of the latter includes: supporting elements 2 on the field surface in the form of skating rinks or skis, combing drum 3, auger 4 with a bed 5 and a rotary fairing 6 (Fig.1-3). The supporting elements 2 and the rotary cowl 6 are equipped with control mechanisms 7 and 8. The screw 4 has a rotation drive in the form of a chain circuit 9 from the drive sprocket 10 of the main gear 11 to the driven sprocket 12 of the screw 4. The combing drum 3 has a drive with a variable frequency of rotation made in the form of a belt 13 circuit. The belt circuit 13 connects, rotating on the shaft 14 of the main gear 11 and on the shaft 15 of the combing drum 3, the rotating drive 16 and driven 17 pulleys. The drive pulley 16 consists of a disk 18 which is stationary on the shaft 14 in the axial direction and which is movable relative to the last disk 19. The drive pulley 17 consists of the axially fixed disk 20 in the axial direction on the shaft 15 and axially movable on the disk 20 of the disk 21. Belt the circuit 13 has a device for axial movement of the movable disks 19 and 21 on the drive 16 and driven 17 pulleys for changing the rotation frequency of the combing drum 3.

The axial movement of the movable disk 21 on the driven pulley 17 of the belt circuit 13 is made in the form of a connection between the movable disk 21 and the stationary disk 20 by means of a compression spring 22. Such a device for the axial movement of the movable disk 19 on the drive pulley 16 of the belt circuit 13 is made in two versions with a drive from a single-sided hydraulic cylinder (1st version) and two-sided (2nd version) action.

In the 1st embodiment, the device (Figs. 1a, 2a) consists of a single-acting hydraulic cylinder 23, which, with its housing 24, is mounted by means of pins 25 on a fixed disk 18. The rod 26 of the hydraulic cylinder 23 is connected to the movable disk 19. Between the movable 19 and the stationary 18 disks placed compression spring 27. The supply of hydraulic fluid into the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 23 is carried out through a rotating fitting 28.

In the 2nd embodiment, the device (Fig. 1b, 2b) is made of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 29, which is secured to the platform 1 by means of a bracket 30. The hydraulic cylinder 29 is pivotally connected to one end of the two-shouldered lever 31, which rests against the copy support 32 in the middle part platforms 1. The second end of the two shoulders of the lever 31 is equipped with a fork 33, which is kinematically coupled by a release bearing 34 with a movable disk 19 of the drive pulley 16. Sensors and measuring devices of pa meters and operating modes of the working elements of the stripping device (Fig. 3): 35 — rotation speeds of the stripping drum 3, 36 — plant height of the harvested grain stand and location of the stripping drum 3 above the field surface, the “attack” angle of the rotary fairing 6 relative to the horizon (not shown in figures) and other parameters.

In the cab of the combine harvester 37, aggregated with a mounted copying platform 1, a unit 38 for recording and controlling the indicated values of the parameters of the working bodies is installed. Block 38 is connected with sensors 35, 36, measuring devices and control mechanisms 7, 8, 23, 29 of the working bodies of the copying platform 1 through electrical wires, hydraulic lines (not shown) and remote control. On the bed 5 of the screw 4 from the side of the stripping drum 3 there is a sensor 39 for recording losses of tow products (grain, straw and spike) between the bed 5 and the stripping drum 3 after they leave the last. In the cab of the combine harvester 37 there is an audio signaling device 40 for the presence of losses of tow products. In the cab of the combine harvester 37, an automated system for monitoring and controlling the parameters of its mechanisms (ASKUPM) 41 is also installed, including the speed of movement along the field of the harvesting unit and the moisture content of grain or tow products in the hopper (not shown in the figures).

The cleaning device operates as follows. Before the arrival of the cleaning unit in the pen, the machine operator pre-sets the parameters of the working elements of the stripping device. Determines (scans) the height of the harvested crops (wheat, barley) by means of the sensor 36 on the rotary fairing 6 of the copying platform 1 and by means of mechanisms 7 and 8 sets the height of the copying platform 1 above the field surface and the rational angle of attack of the rotary fairing 6. Then the machine operator includes the main drive of the copying platform 1, which through the main gearbox 11 betrays rotation to the auger 4 by means of a chain loop 9 and rotates the towers through a belt loop 13 guide drum 3.

By moving the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 23 or 29 (Fig.1-2), the machine operator performs axial movement of the movable disk 19 of the drive pulley 16 and sets a rational rotation frequency of the combing drum 3 depending on the type of harvested crop and its moisture content. Next, the machine includes a sensor 39 ( figure 3) losses of products tow and sound analyzer 40 of their presence. After that, the machine operator harvests the massif of grain stands with the output of the harvesting unit to a rational high-speed mode of movement.

Upon receipt of a signal from the buzzer 40 about the loss of tow products between the combing drum 3 and the bed 5 of the screw 4, or increased humidity values (on the ASKUPM 41 display) in the hopper of the combine harvester 37, the machine operator decides to change the speed of the combing drum 3 of the copying platform 1 or a change in the speed of the translational movement of the harvester in the field.

The change (decrease or increase) in the value of the speed of movement of the copying platform 1 is made by the machine operator by pressing the corresponding button on the ASKUPM 41 panel with the speed value displayed on the display.

The machine operator changes the height of the copy platform 1 above the field surface and the harvested grain by the control mechanism 7 of the supporting elements 2 (Fig. 1), and the angle of attack of the rotary fairing 6 is changed horizontally with the help of the control mechanism 8. Control mechanisms 7 and 8 is carried out by means of block 38 registration and control parameters of the working bodies.

To change the rotational speed of the stripping drum 3 of the copying platform 1, the machine operator, by means of block 38, directs the flow of hydraulic fluid into the cavity of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder 23 (in the first embodiment of the axial movement of the movable disk 19 of the drive pulley 16 of the belt circuit 13) or into the cavity of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 29 (in the second embodiment of the device).

To increase the rotational speed of the combing drum 3 in the first embodiment of the device, the machine operator directs the flow of hydraulic fluid into the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 23. The movable disc 19 moves under the influence of the pressure of the hydraulic fluid along the stationary disc 18 of the drive pulley 16 with the disks 19 and 18 approaching each other. In this case, the belt contour 13 increases the radius of its mating with the driving pulley 16. At the same time, the belt contour 13, under the action of its tension, changes the radius of its mating with the disks 21 and 20 of the driven pulley 17 by overcoming the force of the compression spring 22 and spreading the disks 21 and 20. This provides a change in the gear ratio between the driving 16 and the driven 17 pulleys and, as a result, increasing the speed of the stripping drum 3.

To reduce the rotation frequency of the combing drum 3 in the first embodiment of the device, the machine operator connects the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 23 with the hydraulic fluid draining into the hydraulic system of the combine harvester 37. In this case, the movable disk 19 is moved relative to the stationary disk 18 of the drive pulley 16 with the disks 19 and breeding 18 among themselves.

At the same time, the belt circuit 13, under the action of the force of its tension, reduces the radius of its mating with the disks 19 and 18 of the drive pulley 16. At this point, the belt circuit 13, mated with the driven pulley 17, due to the weakening of the force of its tension and under the action forces from the compression spring 22 and the movable 21 and the stationary 20 disks approaching each other increase the radius of its mating with the driven pulley 17. This ensures a change in the gear ratio between the driving 16 and the driven 17 pulleys and as a result the frequency decreases rotating drum stripper 3.

To increase the speed of rotation of the stripping drum 3 in the second embodiment of the device, the machine operator directs the flow of hydraulic fluid into the sub-rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 9. The rod of the hydraulic cylinder 29 extends and rotates the two-arm lever 31 on the hinge support 32 of the copying platform 1 counterclockwise. The two-arm lever 31 by means of a fork 33 and a release bearing 34 moves the movable disk 19 to the fixed disk 18 of the drive pulley 16. The belt circuit 13 thereby increases the radius of its mating with the drive pulley 16. At the same time, the belt circuit 13 under the influence of its tension, reduces the radius of its interface with the disks 21 and 20 of the driven pulley 17 by overcoming the forces of the compression spring 22 and the displacement of the disks 21 and 20 between themselves. This ensures a change in the gear ratio between the driving 16 and the driven 17 pulleys and as a result ate that - increase in the rotational speed of the drum stripper 3.

To reduce the rotation frequency of the stripping drum 3 in the second embodiment of the device, the operator directs the flow of hydraulic fluid into the supra-stem cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 29. The hydraulic cylinder 29 retracts and rotates the two-arm lever 31 on the hinged support 32 of the copying platform 1 clockwise. The two shoulders lever 31 by means of a fork 33 and a release bearing 34 move the movable disk 19 from the fixed disk 18 of the drive pulley 16. The belt circuit 13 thereby reduces the radius of its mating with the drive pulley 16. At the same time, the belt circuit 13 increases the radius when the tension is weakened. their mating with the disks 21 and 20 of the driven pulley 17 due to the action of the force from the compression spring 22 and narrowing the gap between the disks 21 and 20. This ensures a change in the gear ratio between the drive 16 and the driven 17 pulleys and reduces pilots at drum rotation stripper 3.

During the harvesting of the grain-growing mass of grain crops, the machine operator periodically turns on and turns off the sensor 39 for the loss of tow products between the combing drum 3 and the bed 5 of the screw 4, as well as repeatedly changing the parameters and operating modes of individual working bodies of the copying platform 1.

In general, the proposed invention solves the technical problem of improving the operational characteristics and capabilities of the stripping device by quickly adjusting the parameters and operating modes of its working bodies.

Claims (1)

A cleaning device for harvesting grain crops, consisting of a copying platform mounted on a combine harvester with working bodies as part of its supporting elements on the field surface, a cleaning drum with a drive with a variable frequency of rotation in the form of a belt loop on rotating driving and driven pulleys fixed to the copying platform from fixed and axially movable disks and axial displacement devices of the latter relative to the first, a screw with a rotation drive, a bed of said screw, of a fairing with a control mechanism installed on the copying platform of sensors and measuring devices for the values of the parameters and operating modes of its working bodies: rotational speed of the stripping drum, the height of the plants to be harvested, stand height of the stripping drum above the field surface, the angle of attack of the rotary fairing and other parameters , a unit for registration and control of the indicated values of the parameters of the working bodies located in the cab of the combine harvester and associated with the sensors and, measuring devices and control mechanisms of the working bodies of the copying platform by means of electric wires, hydraulic lines and remote control, as well as an automated system for monitoring and controlling the parameters of the mechanisms of the combine harvester, characterized in that the screw bed on the side of the combing drum is additionally equipped with a sensor for the loss of tow products between the bed and a stripping drum after they descend from the last and an audible warning of losses in the cab of a combine harvester, etc. the supporting elements of the copying platform are equipped with a control mechanism, in addition, the axial movement of the movable disk relative to the stationary disk on the driven belt pulley of the belt is made in the form of a connection between these disks by means of a compression spring, and the axial movement of the movable disk relative to the fixed disk on the drive belt pulley made in the form of a single-acting hydraulic cylinder mated with its body with a fixed disk and a rod with a movable disco and with a compression spring placed between the indicated disks, or made in the form of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder pivotally mounted by the housing on the copying platform and connected by a rod to one end of the two-shouldered lever pivotally mounted by the middle part on the support of the copying platform, while its second end is provided with a kinematically fork conjugated by means of a release bearing to said movable disk.

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