RU2524418C2 - Method of modification of functional condition of biological object by travelling electromagnetic field - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and biology and is aimed at improving efficiency of seed treatment by travelling electromagnetic field. The seeds are treated in a microwave chamber with horn radiators by travelling electromagnetic field with a right-hand and/or left-hand direction of movement in space in a pulsed mode.

EFFECT: seed treatment enables to provide selective and purposeful influence on the intensity and direction of the processes occurring in the seeds.

3 cl, 2 ex, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods and means of presowing microwave treatment of seeds of agricultural products crops and is aimed at increasing their efficiency due to processing by a pulsed traveling electromagnetic field with a right-handed and / or left-handed direction of movement in space.

A device for microwave presowing treatment of seeds is known, containing a base, loading and receiving hoppers, a conveyor belt with a drive and microwave energy sources made in the form of N antennas located along the conveyor belt and connected to the corresponding microwave generators, providing them in the process of processing seeds rectilinear uniform movement relative to radiating antennas (Device for presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops. Application: 98119035/13, 10.19.1998. А01С 1/00).

The disadvantage of this method of seed treatment, implemented in this device is that during the processing they move relative to the emitting antennas in a straight line, which does not allow using the method of increasing the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the acting field, including its right-side or left-side direction of movement in space. However, it is known (Belkevich V.I., Berlin Yu.V., Buvin G.M. Apparatus for treatment with a traveling pulsed magnetic field // Electronic Industry, 1985, No. 1. - P. 61), that the higher the space-time heterogeneity of the field, the higher its biological activity.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of the process of pre-sowing seed treatment by increasing the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the acting electromagnetic field.

The aim of the invention is to increase the stimulating effect on seed germination, plant growth and development, increase crop yields.

This goal is achieved by the method of seed treatment by exposure to them, in contrast to the prototype, by an electromagnetic field with a right or left direction of movement in space, in a pulsed mode.

The effectiveness of the method can be improved by treating the seeds with an electromagnetic field modulated in frequency, amplitude or phase and changing the frequency spectrum and / or polarization during processing.

As a result of the patent search carried out by the author in the scientific, technical and patent literature, it was found that a new set of features of the method, with the achievement of a new positive effect - increasing the efficiency of the presowing treatment of seeds is not known and should not be explicitly from the prior art, which confirms the compliance of the invention with the criterion " novelty ”and“ inventive step ”. According to the method proposed by the author, the seeds are treated with a traveling electromagnetic field with a right or left direction of movement in space in a pulsed mode.

The proposed method can be used in crop production:

- for pre-sowing seed treatment in order to increase their sowing and yield qualities (germination, growth force, yield, improve the structure and quality of biological yield, etc.);

- to combat weed vegetation (tillage to provoke the germination of seeds of weeds for the purpose of their subsequent destruction by agrotechnical methods).

Concrete example

For the implementation of the above method of pre-sowing seed treatment, the multifunctional microwave impulse "Impulse-3u" was used, intended for pre-sowing treatment of agricultural seeds, cultures packed in bags.

The seed treatment was carried out in a resonator microwave chamber with a volume of 200 liters, made in the form of a half-cylinder with dimensions allowing to arrange a bag with seeds weighing up to 50 kg. The microwave energy to the seeds was supplied from below. For this, a bag of seeds was located directly on the openings of four horn emitters of microwave energy, each 0.3 × 0.3 m in size, covered by a dielectric plate. Microwave power was supplied to each emitter from a magnetron generator unit made on an M136-1 magnetron with a rated power of 700 watts. The working frequencies of magnetron generators were in the range of 2450 ± 50 MHz. The polarization of electromagnetic waves emitted by horn emitters is linear, while neighboring closely spaced emitters have orthogonal linear polarizations of the electric field vector, which ensures a change in the polarization of the electromagnetic wave acting on the seeds when the electromagnetic field moves in space.

High negative pulse voltage is fed to the cathodes of the magnetrons from rectifiers made according to the standard scheme of doubling the voltage. Since these rectifiers provide a pulsed mode of operation of a magnetron generator with a duty cycle of more than two and a pulse repetition rate equal to the frequency of the supply network, and are connected to different phases of the supply network, shifted in phase by 120 °, the seeds are treated with a pulsed traveling field with a right or left direction displacements in space, depending on the phase shift supplied to the power supplies of magnetron generators. Changing the direction of movement in the space of the electromagnetic field is carried out by switching the phases supplied to the power supplies of microwave generators.

The impact of a pulsed traveling electromagnetic field on seeds was assessed in experiments on the pre-sowing treatment of seeds of the bare-grain varieties of barley “Nudum-95” and “L-32”, as well as corn.

Seeds were processed in the Impulse-3u installation at expositions selected according to the results of preliminary experiments and two variants of EMF movement in space: right-handed and left-handed. The direction of EMF movement in space was determined by the spatio-temporal ordering of microwave pulses generated by magnetron generators.

For the right-hand direction of movement of the EMF, such a sequence of operation of the microwave generators of the installation is taken, in which the emitters forming the microwave pulses following one after another are located in the clockwise direction when viewed from the side of the biological object.

Example 1. For two years, field experiments were carried out to study the effect of the direction of movement in the EMF space in the Impulse-3u installation on the results of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of the bare-grain barley varieties Nudum-95 and L-32 in it. The effect on the main elements of productivity and the final result, productivity, was studied. The studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods.

In the first year of research, the options were studied: control - untreated seeds and two options with an exposure of 70 s with right and left directions of EMF movement in space.

In the second year of research, options were studied: control - untreated seeds and two options with an exposure of 100 s with right and left directions of EMF movement in space.

Sowing of experimental plots was carried out at the end of May, and seed treatment in the Impuls-3u plant was carried out ten days before sowing in the soil.

The main results of the experiments are shown in table 1.

Two-year experiments showed that the pre-sowing treatment of seeds of barley barley varieties running EMF with the right-hand direction of movement in space has a significant positive effect on the main productivity elements and the final result of the grain yield for the studied barley varieties.

The experience of 2010, in which the seeds were processed at a more optimal exposure of 100 s, made it possible to establish with a high degree of certainty the influence of the direction of EMF movement in space on the results of seed treatment relative to control options (untreated seeds) and relative to options with left-side direction of EMF movement in space.

Table 1. The effect of pre-sowing seed treatment by running EMF with left-side and right-sided movement in space on the height of plants and yield of barley barley varieties Productivity Grade Processing option: exposure, direction of movement of the EMF Plant height, cm g / m ² Deviation from the control,% 2009 year The control 52.1 196.7 Nudum 95 70 s left 56.7 206.7 + 5.1% 70 s, right 69.7 * 213.3 * + 8.4% * The control 62.6 83.3 L-32 70 s left 65.3 * 100.0 * + 20% * 70 s, right 64.6 103.3 * + 24.0% *

2010 year Nudum 95 The control 47.6 85.0 100 s left 49.5 88.3 + 3.9% 100 s, right 52.5 * 95.0 + 11.8% ** L-32 The control 48.1 51.7 100 s left 43.1 55.0 + 6.4% 100 s, right 51.8 63.3 +22.4% ** Note: * - Difference of data from control by t-student test P <0.05; ** - Difference of data from the control and between processing options by t student criterion P <0.05.

Example 2. A two-factor field experiment was carried out to study the effect of pre-sowing treatment of corn seeds in the Impulse-3u installation on the main productivity elements and the final yield. The effect of exposure was studied for two different directions of EMF movement in space: left-side and right-side. The studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods.

Sowing of experimental plots was carried out on May 8, and seed treatment in the Impulse-3u installation was carried out ten days before sowing in the soil.

The main results of the experiments are shown in table 2.

Table 2. The effect of presowing seed treatment by running EMF with left-side and right-sided movement in space on plant density and corn yield Experience Options Processing mode: direction of movement of the electromagnetic field, exposure, s Plant density, thousand / ha Deviation from the control,% Grain yield at 14% humidity, t / ha Deviation from the control,% K1 64.5 - 3.39 - Right side IN 1 70 64,2 -0.5 3.4 +0.3 IN 2 75 65,4 +1.4 3.39 0,0 IN 3 80 63.8 +1.1 3.45 +1.8

K2 65,4 - 3.41 - Left side AT 6 70 63.7 -2.6 3.55 * + 4.1 * AT 7 75 69.1 ** + 5.7 ** 3.92 ** + 15 ** AT 8 80 65.1 -0.5 3.62 * + 6.2 * Note: * - The difference between the data and the control by t student criterion P <0.05. ** - Difference of data from the control according to t student criterion P <0,01.

As a result of the experiments, it was found that the factors studied, the exposure and the direction of movement of the EMF in space, as well as their interaction, have a significant effect on the corn grain yield. With a better exposure of 75 s, seed treatment by running EMF with left-sided movement in space with a high degree of certainty (the null hypothesis is rejected at P <0.01) leads to an increase in plant density and grain yield. While seed treatment by running EMF with right-hand movement in space does not affect these indicators.

Thus, it was found that the nature of the movement of traveling EMF in space is an effective regulator of the processes occurring in seeds and subsequently in plants.

Using the proposed method for pre-sowing seed treatment with. crops with optimally selected processing modes, including the direction of movement of the EMF in space, will improve their sowing qualities, which will ultimately lead to an increase in crop yield.

Claims (3)

1. The method of presowing treatment of seeds by exposure to seeds placed in a resonator microwave chamber with horn emitters of microwave energy, a traveling electromagnetic field with a right or left direction of movement in space, in a pulsed mode. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they form an electromagnetic field with the possibility of changing the frequency spectrum and / or polarization. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnetic field is formed with the possibility of modulating it in frequency, amplitude or phase.