RU2487519C1 - Method of presowing treatment of seed material of agricultural crops and post-harvesting treatment of harvest - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of treatment plants of seed and planting material consists in that the seed or planting material is influenced with low-frequency high-voltage pulse-modulated electric field which is created by a condenser. The seed or planting material is placed between the condenser coatings which dielectric is atmosphere air and the treated material itself. Then, on the condenser coatings a signal is given with a frequency of 16±10% kHz, modulated by bipolar pulse sequence in the form of a meander with pulse repetition rate of 200±20% Hz, providing the density of the created electric field of 20±50% kV/m. The time of influence is maintained in the range of from 0.017 to 24 hours.

EFFECT: use of the invention enables to increase yield, disease-resistance and to improve the consumer properties of agricultural crops, as well as to reduce energy consumption and increase the amount of the material treated simultaneously.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for increasing productivity, disease resistance and consumer qualities of crops, as well as improving the storage and preservation of consumer qualities of agricultural products

Currently known methods and devices for pre-sowing seed treatment by irradiation with high voltage pulses, electromagnetic fields generated by alternating and direct current, laser radiation, ultraviolet rays, induced electric field.

A known method of presowing treatment of mustard seeds with an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency. The method includes pre-wetting the seeds to a moisture content of 14.5% and treating them with an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field with a specific power of 1529 W / dm ³ and an exposure time of 60-90 seconds to a final seed temperature of 44.5-54.75 ° C (RF Patent No. 2373676, 2008).

The disadvantage of this method is the narrow scope, limited to one culture and the complexity of the processing procedure.

There is a method of increasing animal productivity and plant productivity, consisting in the fact that animals and plants are subjected to effective radiation. For this, magnetic pulses of variable polarity are used, the shape of which is similar to the shape of a two-phase potential with a repetition rate of 1 / 100-1 s and a pulse width of 1/500 s (French Patent No. 2550688).

The disadvantages of the method include the low efficiency of the processing results.

A known method of stimulating the vital processes of biological objects. The object is exposed to an electromagnetic field while transmitting an electric current for a period of time from 10 s to 2 hours. The magnitude of the electromagnetic field is set within 80-80000 A / m (RF Patent No. 2111108).

The method is characterized by complexity of implementation, high energy consumption and low productivity.

A known method of presowing treatment of seeds with electromagnetic waves of low frequency. The seeds to be treated are placed inside the coil and kept in a magnetic field at the field frequency and treatment exposure determined for each culture (ed. St. USSR No. 206235).

The disadvantages of the method include the low productivity of the method, due to the internal dimensions of the coil, the low efficiency of exposure to the seeds used in the prototype electromagnetic field.

A known method of processing seeds of crops. The seeds are exposed before sowing with a constant magnetic field at a field strength of 200-900 A / m and at the same time an electromagnetic field with amplitude-modulated oscillations of the extremely low frequency range for 40-60 minutes at a field strength of 120-1400 A / m (RF Patent No. 2175825, 2000 g.).

The disadvantages of the method are low productivity and processing complexity, low efficiency of stimulating the immune system of objects.

Closest to the invention is a method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of grain and vegetable crops, pre-planting and post-planting treatment of potato tubers, in which the seeds and tubers are exposed to a pulsed low-frequency electric field, the effect being carried out by an induced low-frequency electric field created by a sequence of harmonic oscillations with an envelope in the form of rectangular pulses or a sequence of bipolar pulses with constant throughout call for 1-180 minutes of continuous exposure to the amplitude of the pulses or envelope of the premises of harmonic oscillations, their frequency, duration, frequency of harmonic oscillations, while setting the amplitude of the pulses or premises of harmonic oscillations, their frequency, their duration, time interval of a single continuous exposure , the multiplicity of such single continuous influences and the time interval preceding sowing or the beginning of storage of seeds and tubers, depending on economically significant characteristics to productivity and storage. When exposed to an induced low-frequency field generated either by a sequence of harmonic oscillations with an envelope in the form of rectangular pulses or a sequence of bipolar pulses, during a single continuous exposure, constant amplitudes of the pulses or envelope of harmonic oscillations are established in the range 0.5-120 kV / m, their frequency following in the ranges of 100-1000 Hz or 5-50 kHz, their duration in the ranges of 0.5-9.5 ms or 0.01-0.15 ms, respectively, the frequency of harmonic oscillations in the range ah 5-25 kHz or 250-500 kHz, respectively (RF Patent No. 2083074).

The disadvantages of this method are the limited amount of simultaneously processed seed and crop in connection with the concentration in the space of the irradiation source, the complexity of the technological equipment for setting a wide range of electric field parameters for each crop (the amplitude of the pulses or envelope of harmonic oscillations, their frequency, their duration, frequency of harmonic oscillations) and a large set of economically significant grain yield characteristics x and vegetable crops, depending on the electrical characteristics of which are set irradiating field, storage of potatoes only, limited processing single time (1-180 min), a variety of time intervals preceding the sowing of seeds and tubers.

An object of the invention is to simplify technological equipment for processing planting material and harvested crops, reduce energy consumption, increase the uniformity of field parameters in the medium of the processed material and increase crop yields and maintain the quality of harvested crops during storage by applying the principle of a condenser, which creates the conditions for increasing stimulation plant immune system, leading to increased seed germination, stimulation of p growth asthenia, resistance of plants to diseases (late blight, rhizoctoniosis, root rot, rhinosporiosis, smut, bacteriosis, etc.) and the impact of climatic factors, to reduce the frequency of treatment with chemicals during the growing season and increase the volume of simultaneously processed material.

The solution of the technical problem is achieved by the fact that the field is created by a capacitor whose dielectric is the material to be processed and atmospheric air, the effect of which on the planting and seed material or crop is carried out by a low-frequency high-voltage pulse-modulated electric field for a given time, while the exposure time is maintained within 0,017 h to 24 h depending on the type of crop. The electric signal supplied to the capacitor plates is modulated by a bipolar pulse sequence in the form of a meander with the following fixed parameters of the electric signal:

- carrier frequency 16 ± 10% kHz;

- repetition rate of the modulating pulse sequence in the form of a meander 200 ± 20% Hz;

- power 20 ± 50% kV / m.

Increased stimulation of the plant’s immune system as a result of this treatment leads to an increase in seed germination and germination energy, standing density, yield, plant height, and plant survival under various climatic influences. At the same time, the incidence of plants is reduced, including the degree and time delay of late blight, the reduction in the frequency of treatment of plants with chemicals during the growing season.

Using a capacitor to create an acting electric field with specified parameters ensures uniform processing of the material, and the dielectric functions in the capacitor being processed by the material are consistent with the parameters of the generated field, leading to the necessary polarization variable with a phase difference depending on the type of material being processed, enhancing the stimulation of the immune system of the material being processed .

Table 1 presents the processing conditions of planting material and the results obtained for crops.

Table 2 presents the processing conditions of the harvested crop and reduction of crop losses for crops. Processing should be carried out within 14 days from the date of harvest.

Table 3 presents the results of the effect of preplant treatment of potato tubers on the onset of late blight and the degree of tuber damage.

The method is implemented as follows.

Seed or planting material is placed between the planes of the capacitor plates. The equipment is connected to a power supply network (220 V, 50 Hz), and then a fixed signal with a frequency of 16 ± 10% kHz, modulated by a bipolar pulse sequence in the form of a meander with a pulse repetition rate of 200 ± 20% Hz, is provided on the plates, providing an electric field of 20 ± 50% kV / m. The processing time of planting material or harvested crops depends on the type of crop and the purpose of processing. At the end of processing, the equipment is disconnected from the power supply, after which the seed / planting material is removed from the impact area. The interval between completion of processing and planting of seed should not exceed 10 days (depending on the type of crop).

Processing time is set for various biological objects according to the recommendations of the developer. All processing parameters are determined by the results of the implementation of the method.

Table 1 Culture Processing time, h Allowable time interval between processing and planting, days Max. germination rate increase (% of control) Yield increase (% of control) Potatoes 24 1-10 not determined 11-30 Cereal 6 7-10 +6.5 (spring barley) 6-17 (spring barley) +12 (winter wheat) 6-15 (winter wheat) +50 (winter rye) 6-19 (winter rye) +14 (oats) 4-10 (spring wheat) Cabbage 5 1-10 +26 14-50 Carrot one 1-10 +107 16-50 Beet 6 1-10 not determined 11.5-50 Turnip onion one 1-10 not determined 25-70 Cucumber 0.5-1 1-10 +23 20-40 Tomato 0.25 5-10 +24 15-40 Pepper 0.75 3-10 +37 8-20 Spinach 0.75 1-10 +186 30-90

table 2 Culture Processing time, h Total loss during long-term storage (% of total) The control Treatment according to the invention Potatoes 24 23.5 10.5 Cabbage fifteen 26.5 13.5 Beet fifteen 28.5 9.8 Carrot fifteen 17 7

Table 3 Year of testing Date of onset of the first symptoms of late blight Tuber damage rate (%) 1996 the control 07/08 4.7 treatment 07/22 2.9 1997 the control 07/22 one treatment 08/08 0.9 2000 the control 07/05 eighteen treatment 07/18 12 2001 the control 07.07 7.2 treatment 07/25 1.3

This method allows to increase the yield of potatoes, cereals and vegetables while reducing the volume of exposure to chemicals, to reduce the accumulation of nitrates and heavy metals during the growing season and to simplify the processing technology.

Claims (1)

A method for pre-sowing processing of sowing and planting material of agricultural crops and post-harvest processing of the crop, including exposure to them with a low-frequency high-voltage pulse-modulated electric field for a predetermined time, characterized in that the field is created by a capacitor whose dielectric is the material and atmospheric air, and the exposure time support in the range from 0.017 h to 24 h, depending on the type of crop, and the electrical signal The capacitor plate is modulated with a bipolar pulse sequence in the form of a meander with the following fixed parameters of the electrical signal within the specified tolerances:
carrier frequency 16 ± 10% kHz;
the repetition rate of the modulating pulse sequence in the form of a meander 200 ± 20% Hz;
power 20 ± 50% kV / m.