RU2340139C2 - Method for preplanting treatment of soya bean seeds with electric field - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: soya bean seeds are affected by pulse electric field. Intensity pulse height E_max of the field does not exceed

and total of pulse lengths "τ" and length of its front "a" for each of the pulses reaches, at least, several nanoseconds and makes (τ+a)≤(8÷9)·10^-9 sec.

EFFECT: increases germinating energy and viability of soya bean seeds.

4 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to the field of agricultural agronomy, in particular to pre-sowing seed treatment of crops with external physical factors (electromagnetic field, constant electric field, ozone flow, laser coherent radiation, etc.).

State of the art

A known method of processing seeds of full-fat soybean. Soybean seeds are washed with running water. Then they are germinated in an anolyte aqueous solution for 3-5 days. After that, they are treated with a solution of propionic acid, as well as heat treatment at a temperature of 55-65 ° C to a seed moisture of 8 ÷ 12%. The invention improves the efficiency of the resulting vegetable protein by reducing the content of anti-nutritional substances in the finished product, reducing material costs for preparing full-fat soybeans and reducing the processing time (Pat. RF No. 2283596, 09/20/2006, class A23L 1/20).

However, this method of processing soybean does not allow to improve its sowing quality (i.e., to increase the germination energy and germination of seeds) and, as a result, does not allow to increase the yield of soy.

There is a method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops with an electromagnetic field of a microwave frequency range, which allows both to disinfect seeds by suppressing the development of pathogenic mycoflora in them and to stimulate their subsequent germination (V. Karnovich, Microwave technology to increase productivity. Research Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University ; Internet address: http: www.icm.by/private/developments/p83/index.html, (24.05.2006)).

The disadvantage of this method of presowing treatment of seeds is the need to know the optimal frequency of presowing treatment for seeds of each crop, which in itself is a separate problem. Otherwise, this treatment does not have a sufficiently high stimulating ability for the subsequent germination of seeds, the development of plants from them and, as a result, a significant increase in crop yields. The closest in technical essence is the method of presowing treatment of seeds with a permanent electric field of the “corona discharge” (Porsev EG, Suslov N.V. Presowing electrocrowning treatment of seeds of grain crops. Prospects for application in the Siberian region. SibNIPTIP SB RAAS (Krasnoyarsk), Novosibirsk ; Internet address: http: /www.obomdovameregion.ru/service/Materials/view? id = 331 (12.12.06) - prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is also its weak stimulating ability for seeds of agricultural crops, because the electric field of the "corona discharge" acting on the seeds is constant. Electric currents of the “corona discharge” “kill” (“burn out”) the mycoflora on the surface of the seeds in a thermal way, without exerting a stimulating effect on their vital activity. At the same time, the germination energy and seed germination increase slightly: on average (3 ÷ 4)% compared to control, untreated seeds, which slightly increases the yield of crops.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result that can be achieved using the present invention is to increase the energy of germination and germination of soybean seeds, as well as the subsequent acceleration of germination (development) of these plant seeds and, as a result, increase the yield of crops (soybean).

, а сумма времен длительности импульса - τ и длительность его фронта - а для каждого импульса достигает, по крайней мере, нескольких наносекунд:The technical result is achieved using the method of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds by exposure to an electric field, while the electric field is pulsed, the amplitude of the tension - E _max which does not exceed the values

, and the sum of the pulse duration times - τ and the duration of its front - and for each pulse reaches at least a few nanoseconds:

(τ + a) ≤ (8 ÷ 9) · 10 ^-9 sec.

In this case, the required optimal processing time t _arr and the time of tearing t _ex soybean seeds after their processing satisfy the empirical relations:

t _arr = A · e ^-αf

t _ex = B · f ^β ,

where f is the pulse repetition rate of the electric field; α = 0.0057 sec; β≈0.45; A = 110 min; B = 3.8 · 10 ⁴ (s) ^1.45 . And the optimal dose of the indicated treatment by a pulsed electric field is determined by the formula:

, а сумма времен длительности импульса - τ и длительность его фронта - а для каждого импульса достигает, по крайней мере, нескольких наносекунд:The essence of the method of presowing treatment of soybean seeds with an electric field is as follows: presowing treatment of soybean seeds is carried out by exposure to a pulsed electric field, the amplitude of which does not exceed the value -

, and the sum of the pulse duration times - τ and the duration of its front - and for each pulse reaches at least a few nanoseconds:

(8 ÷ 9) · 10 ^-9 sec.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 presents graphs of the dependences of the germination energy of seeds of soybean varieties Vilana on the duration of their processing by a pulsed electric field for several processing frequencies

with optimal retention times in days.

Figure 2 presents graphs of the dependences of the germination of soybean seeds of Vilana variety on the duration of their treatment with a pulsed electric field for several processing frequencies with optimal cure times in days.

и длительностью: (τ+а)=8,0·10^-9 сек.Figure 3 presents graphs of the dependences of the optimal processing time (curve 1) and the optimal curing time (curve 2) of soybean seeds on the frequency of pulses of an electric field with an amplitude of

and duration: (τ + a) = 8.0 · 10 ^-9 sec.

и длительностью - (τ+а)=8,0·10^-9 сек.Figure 4 presents on a logarithmic scale the graphs of the dependences of the optimal processing time (curve 1) and the optimal caking time (curve 2) of soybean seeds on the frequency of pulses of an electric field with an amplitude of

and duration - (τ + a) = 8.0 · 10 ^-9 sec.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Examples of specific performance of the method of presowing treatment of soybean seeds with a pulsed electric field

Example: the pulsed electric field required for processing soybean seeds is created by a pulse voltage generator, the pulse amplitude of which can vary in the range from 3000 to 15000 V. The repetition frequency of these voltage pulses can vary from 30 to 300 Hz.

Soybean seeds are processed in a flat electric capacitor connected to the specified generator and representing a flat waveguide with an air dielectric, the free end of which is shorted by a load resistance of 10 kOhm. The geometrical dimensions of the waveguide are: length - 63 cm, width - 11.5 cm, thickness of the plane air gap between the electrodes - 3 cm. In the indicated "waveguide-capacitor", a pulsed electric field that is almost uniform in length is calculated by the formula:

Here U (t) is the pulse voltage of the generator, d is the thickness of the air gap between the electrodes.

Based on the above parameters of the generator, the amplitude of the pulsed electric field - E _max in the "capacitor-waveguide" varies in the range:

In the applied pulsed voltage generator, the pulse duration is equal to: τ = 5.4 · 10 ^-9 s, and the duration of its leading edge - τ _f and the trailing edge - τ _{cf are} approximately the same and equal: a = τ _f = τ _cf = 2.5 10 ^-9 c. These time parameters practically do not change when the frequency of the generator pulses varies in the frequency range from 30 to 300 Hz. Based on the foregoing, the pulse voltage of the generator can be represented in the form of a periodic sequence of voltage pulses of a trapezoidal shape. From the theory of radio signals, it is known that a periodic pulse signal is the sum of harmonic frequency signals that are multiples of the fundamental frequency of the pulses. The frequency spectrum of this periodic pulse signal (voltage) can be obtained by its mathematical expansion in a Fourier series. Considering also expression (1) and performing this mathematical operation for the considered pulsed electric field, we obtain:

(2)

(2)

In relation (2), the first term is the constant component of the electric field. The second term reflects the spectrum of harmonic (cosine) components of the electric field. Each harmonic of this spectrum has an amplitude equal to:

(3)

(3)

- амплитуда импульса электрического поля генератора, создаваемая в «конденсаторе-волноводе» амплитудой импульса напряжения. Соответствующая частота каждой гармоники электрического поля равна (f·n), где n=1, 2, 3... - номер гармоники. Функция A(f·n·a) есть безразмерная амплитуда каждой гармоники электрического поля. Она выражается в рассматриваемом случае формулой:Here

- the amplitude of the pulse of the electric field of the generator created in the "capacitor-waveguide" the amplitude of the voltage pulse. The corresponding frequency of each harmonic of the electric field is (f · n), where n = 1, 2, 3 ... is the number of the harmonic. The function A (f · n · a) is the dimensionless amplitude of each harmonic of the electric field. It is expressed in the case under consideration by the formula:

(4)

(four)

Function A (f · n · a) in its physical essence is the amplitude-frequency characteristic of a pulsed periodic electric field created by a pulsed generator in a "capacitor-waveguide" in which soybean seeds are placed for processing. From the formula (4) it follows that the first zero value of the function A (f · n · a) arises under the condition:

(5)

(5)

This condition determines the maximum frequency f _max harmonics of the electric field in the experiments, corresponding to the external frequency f of the voltage pulses of the applied generator. From (5) we obtain that:

(6)

(6)

Optimal pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds and their justification

Thus, applying very short pulses of periodic voltage (electric field) of duration (τ + a), which is at least a few nanoseconds (8 ÷ 9) · 10 ^-9 sec, and provide a fairly wide range of frequencies of harmonics of the electric field acting on processed soybean seeds. To this, it should be added that for effective pre-sowing treatment of seeds of each crop, it is necessary to know the optimal frequency of treatment or the optimal frequency range at which the greatest effect of pre-sowing stimulation of seeds is achieved (i.e., the energy of germination and germination of seeds increase). These frequencies, as a rule, are not known and their definition is an independent scientific and practical problem. On the other hand, it is known from the scientific literature that an alternating electric field has a biological effect on living organisms (humans, animals, plants) in a wide frequency range up to 1000 megahertz (Gordienko V.A. Physical fields and life safety / Ecology, health problems and life on earth, Moscow, Astrel Publishing House - 2006).

According to formula (5), this corresponds to the indicated duration (τ + a) equal to one nanosecond, i.e.: (τ + a) = 1.0 · 10 ^-9 sec. Therefore, initially limiting the duration of the electric field pulses to values comparable with the indicated value, they obviously provide a sufficiently wide specified frequency spectrum of the influence of their harmonics on soybean seeds. In this wide spectrum of frequencies there is always a narrow range of optimal harmonics frequencies that most effectively stimulate soybean seeds, substantially increasing their germination energy and germination.

В противном случае возникает электрический пробой воздушного промежутка, т.е. возникает «коронный разряд» (Калашников С.Г. Электричество. Москва. Изд. Наука. 1970. - С.419-423).Consequently, there is no need for a special search for the optimal frequency of seed treatment of agricultural crops (in this case, soybeans). On the other hand, to increase the efficiency of the influence of each harmonic of the electric field on soybean seeds, its amplitude should be increased. Indeed, according to the expression (3) at a predetermined optimum value of the pulse duration (τ + a) should, if possible, to increase the product (E _max f). However, it is known that under normal atmospheric conditions: atmospheric air pressure ~ 760 mm Hg, temperature and humidity 20 ° C and 60%, respectively, the greatest possible electric field strength in air cannot exceed the value:

Otherwise, an electrical breakdown of the air gap occurs, i.e. there is a "corona discharge" (Kalashnikov SG Electricity. Moscow. Publishing house. Science. 1970. - S.419-423).

При этом семена сои не подвергаются термической обработке, а обеспечивается умеренная («щадящая») частотная стимуляция их жизнедеятельности импульсным электрическим полем (т.е. его частотными гармониками). Например, согласно соотношению (3) при

(τ+а)=8,0·10^-9 сек, f=300 Гц, n=1 и A(fna)≈1 амплитуды частотных гармоник электрического поля каждого импульса не превосходят величины

, что соответствует амплитудам напряжения гармоник не более 0,072 В.In a “corona discharge”, the flowing electric current creates a heat treatment of seeds of agricultural crops (“burns” the seeds), which destroys mycoflora on their surface (ie, reduces seed contamination). Therefore, the seed treatment time in this method is a few seconds (usually about 10 seconds). In real experiments of the proposed processing method, depending on the humidity of the atmospheric air (with its increase), the maximum value of the electric field, excluding the occurrence of a “corona discharge”, is not more than:

At the same time, soybean seeds are not subjected to heat treatment, but a moderate (“sparing”) frequency stimulation of their activity is provided by a pulsed electric field (ie its frequency harmonics). For example, according to relation (3) for

(τ + a) = 8.0 · 10 ^-9 sec, f = 300 Hz, n = 1 and A (fna) ≈1 the amplitudes of the frequency harmonics of the electric field of each pulse do not exceed

, which corresponds to harmonic voltage amplitudes of not more than 0.072 V.

Those. each of them is significantly smaller in amplitude ("moderate") in comparison with the amplitude of the total voltage pulse of 15,000 V.

It should also be noted that increasing the efficiency of pre-sowing seed treatment by the proposed method due to a significant increase in the frequency of a pulsed electric field (and therefore, increasing the amplitudes of its harmonics (see expression (3)) is not possible. The frequency of repetition of voltage generator pulses, as a rule, it does not exceed several kilohertz, otherwise, with the indicated very short durations of the voltage pulses of the generator and their high amplitudes (and, consequently, high amplitudes apryazhennosti electric field - E _max) increases substantially consumed electric power generator, which is not economically advantageous fact is that the consumption of electric power from the generator is proportional to the network voltage of its repetition frequency pulses..

Thus, from the presented analysis, there are limitations (significant differences) for the proposed method for pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with a pulsed electric field:

(7)(τ + a) ≤ (8 ÷ 9) · 10 ^-9 sec;

(7)

Soybean seed treatment dose concept by a pulsed electric field

When processing seeds of agricultural crops, the concept of treatment dose (exposure) is introduced - D.

умноженной на время обработки семян сои - t_обр, измеренному по часам. Однако, с учетом импульсного характера воздействия электрического поля на семена, реальное время обработки (воздействия) гораздо меньше и представляет произведение:In relation to the proposed method for processing soybean seeds, the treatment dose should be proportional to the amplitude of the electric field

multiplied by the processing of soya seed - t _arr measured by the clock. However, taking into account the pulsed nature of the effect of the electric field on the seeds, the real processing time (exposure) is much less and represents the product:

t _real = (τ + a) · f · t _arr .

In addition, experimental experiments on the processing of soybean seeds showed that at a fixed frequency f and amplitude U _{max of} voltage pulses of the generator, an increase in the processing time — t _{arr —} requires a longer so-called curing time — t _ex soybean seed. This is explained by the fact that seeds of agricultural crops, including soybeans, immediately after intensive processing are in a state of “stress”, which is removed by several days of seed curing before laying them for germination in a humid environment in Petri dishes. Based on the said dose of seed treatment by a pulsed electric field is determined according to the formula:

(8)

(8)

To achieve the maximum positive effect of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with the proposed method (i.e., a significant increase in the germination energy and germination of soybean seeds), it is necessary to know for each frequency of exposure - f the optimal values of the times t _arr and t _ex . In this case, according to relation (8), the dose of exposure to D will also be optimal.

The results of the experimental treatment of seeds of soybean varieties Vilaia pulsed electric field

Переменными параметрами являлись частота импульсов напряжения f (частота обработки от 30 до 300 Гц) и оптимальное время отлежки семян сои сорта Вилана после их обработки (которое варьировалось в пределах от 2 до 7 суток).As examples of the experimental treatment of Vilana soybean seeds by a pulsed electric field, Figures 1 and 2 show experimentally obtained graphs for the seed germination energy and their germination (expressed as a percentage of the total number of treated seeds in each mode) depending on the time of processing . In this case, the amplitude of the voltage pulses was chosen constant and equal to U _max = 15000B, which corresponded to the amplitude of the electric field

The variable parameters were the frequency of the voltage pulses f (processing frequency from 30 to 300 Hz) and the optimal time for curing seeds of soybean varieties of Vilana after their processing (which varied from 2 to 7 days).

From the graphs of FIGS. 1 and 2, it follows that for each treatment frequency and optimal curing time, there is an optimal treatment time at which the germination energy and seed germination reach their highest values. At the same time, it was found that under optimal conditions for treating soybean seeds with a pulsed electric field, their germination energy increased by 17–18%, and seed germination increased by 20–23% compared to the control (untreated) batch of soybean seeds.

With the method of treating Vilana soybean seeds with a constant “corona discharge” electric field, the germination energy of seeds of agricultural crops and their germination capacity increased on average by 3–4% (prototype).

Thus, the proposed method of pre-sowing seed treatment with a pulsed electric field is more effective in comparison with their processing in a known manner using a constant electric field. In the optimal treatment conditions for Vilana soybean seeds by the proposed method, their germination energy and germination rate increase in comparison with the known processing method by an average of 18% and 23%, respectively, which confirms the presence of a positive effect. Table 1 presents the optimal values of the processing time - t _arr and the curing time - t _ex (for which the maximum germination energy and germination of seeds) for different processing frequencies f of soybean seeds of Vilana variety, which are obtained from the graphs of figure 1 and figure 2.

Table 1 f Hz thirty 60 150 210 300 lg f 1,477 1,778 2,176 2,301 2,477 t _arr min one hundred 80 49 thirty twenty sec 6000 4800 2940 1800 1200 lg t _arr 3.78 3.68 3.47 3.26 3.08 t _ex days 2.0 3.0 4.0 5,0 6.0 sec 172800 259200 345600 432000 518400 lg t _ex 5.24 5.41 5.54 5.64 5.71

). Необходимо отметить, что кривая 2 построена на основе опытных данных, когда при каждом фиксированном найденном оптимальном времени обработки, а также для заданной частоты обработки f и амплитуде импульсов 15000 В изменяют время их отлежки после обработки и закладки их на проращивание.Based on the data in the table, graphs of the dependences of the optimal times t _arr (curve 1) and t _ex (curve 2) on the frequency of pulses f at a fixed amplitude of 15,000 V (which corresponded

) It should be noted that curve 2 is constructed on the basis of experimental data, when for each fixed optimal time of processing, as well as for a given processing frequency f and pulse amplitude of 15000 V, the time of their tracking after processing and their laying for germination are changed.

It turned out that the graphical dependencies of figure 3 can be approximated by functions of the form:

(9)

(9)

Here α, β, A, B are the desired constant values, for finding which transform formulas (9) using the operation of taking the logarithm to the form:

(10)

(10)

Then, substituting the data of table 1 in relation (10), we obtain two graphs of Fig. 4, which reflect the dependences of lgt _arr (curve 1) and Igt _ex (curve 2) on f and lgf, respectively. From these graphs, it is obtained that:

(11)

(eleven)

For example, at f = 30 Hz, substituting the quantities (11) into the relations (9), we obtain t _arr ≈100 min, t _ex = 3 days. At f = 300 Hz, we obtain, respectively: t _arr ≈20 min, t _ex = 6 days. Therefore, increasing the frequency of the pulsed electric field (processing frequency), it is possible to significantly reduce the optimal processing time, which is economically feasible. Thus, relations (9) and (11) represent a mathematical approximation of experimental data for optimal processing times and soybean seed tracking depending on the frequency of processing a pulsed electric field. These ratios are also significant differences (features) of the proposed method for processing soybean seeds.

It is important to note that the confirmation of the frequency nature of stimulation of seeds of agricultural crops (in this case soybean) considered above (see expressions (2) ÷ (5)) by the pulsed electric field is the presence on the curves for the germination energy and germination of soybean seeds of FIG. 1 and FIG. .2 along with the main maximum of several smaller additional maxima (“kinked peaks”). For example, in Fig. 1, the main maximum of germination energy (80%) on the curve corresponding to the processing frequency (generator pulses) of f = 30 Hz is observed for a processing time of 100 min. Processing times corresponding to additional maxima (“peak-kinks”) of this curve are determined by the action of cosine frequency harmonics of the electric field strength. The frequency of each harmonic mentioned - f _gar and its multiplicity number - n the main pulse repetition rate of the generator - f (f _gar = n · f) are presented in table 2.

table 2 t _arr min one hundred 80 fifty 17 115 130 150 t _gar , Hz thirty 40 60 176 26 23 twenty n 1,0 ~ 1.5 2.0 ~ 6.0 0.87 0.77 0.67

As follows from this table, higher frequencies of multiple harmonics of the electric field (n≈1; ~ 1.5; 2.0; 6.0) correspond to shorter times of their exposure (processing). Long processing times: 115 min, 130 min, 150 min, correspond to low-frequency harmonics for which n <1. The appearance of these harmonics is a consequence of the attenuation of the energy of each pulse of the electric field in the "capacitor-waveguide" in which soybean seeds are directly processed. The calculation (estimation) of the frequencies of multiple harmonics of the electric field is performed on the basis of the empirical formula following from table 2:

(12)

(12)

With a generator pulse frequency of f = 30 Hz and an optimal processing time of soybean seeds at this frequency t _arr ≈100 min = 6 · 10 ³ sec from (12) we obtain that C≈1.8 · 10 ⁵ .

Pulse presowing treatment of soybean seeds was performed on several soybean varieties: Duar, Alba, Vilana, used for its cultivation in the Stavropol Territory. Moreover, the obtained experimental results correspond to all the distinguishing features given in the claims of the present invention.

Thus, on the basis of all the above analysis and experimental data, we can conclude that the proposed method for pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with a pulsed electric field is more effective in comparison with their processing in a known manner using a constant electric field "corona discharge". In the optimal treatment conditions for soybean seeds by the proposed method, their germination energy and germination rate increase in comparison with the known processing method (prototype) by an average of 18% and 23%, respectively, which confirms the presence of a positive effect.

Literature

[1] RF patent No. 2283596, 09/20/2006, cl. А23L 1/20, Koshchaev A.G., Method for processing full-fat soybeans, Kuban State University.

[2] Karnovich V.A. Microwave technology to increase productivity, Research Institute of Nuclear Problems of the Belarusian State University; Internet address: http: www.icm.by/ private / developments / p83 / index.html, (24.05.2006).

[3] Porsev EG, Suslov N.V. Presowing electro-corona treatment of grain seeds. Prospects for application in the Siberian region. SibNIPTIP SB RASHN (Krasnoyarsk), Novosibirsk; Internet address: http: /www.obomdovanieregion.ru/service/Materials/view? id = 331 (12.12.06.). (prototype)

[4] Gordienko V.A. Physical fields and life safety / Problems of ecology, health and life on earth, Moscow. Ed. Astrel. - 2006.

[5] Kalashnikov S.G. Electricity. Moscow. Ed. The science. 1970. - S. 419-423.

Claims (1)

The method of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds by exposure to an electric field, characterized in that the electric field is pulsed, the amplitude of the intensity E _max which does not exceed the value

and the sum of the times of the pulse duration τ and the duration of its front a for each pulse reaches at least several nanoseconds (τ + a) ≤ (8 ÷ 9) · 10 ^-9 s, moreover, the required optimal processing time t _arr and the time of tearing t _ex soy seeds after their processing satisfy the empirical relations

and

where f is the pulse repetition rate of the electric field; α≈0.0057 s; β≈0.45; A = 110 min; B = 3.8 · 10 ⁴ with ^1.45 , and the dose of the indicated treatment by a pulsed electric field is determined by the formula

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