RU2700623C1 - Mobile device for electromagnetic treatment of plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to means of stimulating plant development by means of electromagnetic action. Mobile device for electromagnetic treatment of plants comprises a transport vehicle, on which a replaceable battery, a power supply unit, a navigation system for movement in space, an on-board control controller connected by a radio channel with a remote control, and a working member of electromagnetic irradiation of plants, which includes a radio transmitter and an emitter. Working element is mounted on the lower side of the hexaccopter frame between the landing gear racks and is made in the form of a zigzag antenna with a reflector. Antenna is connected to output of power amplifier of radio transmitter of decibel range with amplitude manipulation of carrier frequency in ultralow-frequency range. Power amplifier input of radio transmitter is connected to output of buffer amplifier, first input of which is connected to output of master oscillator of carrier frequency, and second input is connected to output of tuned generator of rectangular pulses of ultralow frequency, power supply circuit of which is connected to power supply unit via electronic switch locked with tumbler, control input of which is connected to onboard control controller. Device activation indication LED is connected to the power circuit, and the plants irradiation indication LED is connected through the converter to the radio transmitter power amplifier.

EFFECT: device provides stimulation of metabolic processes, increased permeability of cell membranes.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to means of stimulating the development of plants by electromagnetic exposure.

A device is known for irradiating sown fields with ultra-short electromagnetic waves, comprising an ultra-short-wave radio transmitter connected to a directional antenna and mounted in a basket of a tethered balloon moving over the field with cables, sequentially irradiating individual sections of the field, thus combating rural insect pests farms (See Lebedev VV Device for irradiating sown fields. Aut. Certificate of the USSR No. 32068, M.cl. A01G 7/04; notified 03.05.1932 (reference to the first. No. 108541); publ l. September 30, 1933)

However, this known device is limited in movement over fields, uses continuous ultrashort-wave radiation and cannot be used on large plantations to stimulate the development and growth of plants.

A mobile device is known for sterilizing the soil and stimulating the growth of useful plants, containing a harrow on which a working body is mounted, including a VHF generator connected to electrodes isolated over the entire external surface, moved in pairs in the soil, pivotally mounted on a common frame with the possibility of adjusting the distance between them . (See. Kazhinsky BB. A mobile device for sterilizing the soil and stimulating the growth of useful plants. Author. Certificate of the USSR No. 75810, M.cl. A01G 7/04; publ. 06/30/1949)

This known device uses irradiation with ultrashort soil waves between the insulated electrodes moved in it, fed by high-frequency currents, while sterilizing the soil, creating favorable conditions for the growth of agricultural plants. However, this known device is energy intensive and can only be used before planting plants.

The closest technical solution of the known devices using external electromagnetic effects on plants is a soil treatment device, which is a mobile soil treatment installation containing a modulator connected to a high-frequency oscillation generator, a unit for setting operating modes, the corresponding output of which is connected to the input modulator and antenna path with a radiator containing radiating elements, a switch with one high-frequency input and high-frequency outputs, b the switch control lock, the output of the mode setting unit is connected to the input of the switch control unit, and the output of the switch control unit is connected to the control input of the switch, the corresponding outputs of which are connected to the radiating elements. (See Polevik N.D., Zhdanov B.V. Method of soil cultivation and device for its implementation. RF Patent No. 2439868, M. cl. A01B 47/00, A01B 79/00; publ. 01.20.2012 Bull. No. 2)

This known device provides a non-contact supply of electromagnetic energy to the treated soil layer, however, it requires the application of organic residues and fertilizers before the soil treatment. In addition, the device is complex in design, operates in the microwave range, energy-intensive (adjustable level of pulsed power from 20 to 200 kW) has a narrow coverage area (3.5 m ² ) and compacts the soil with wheels. The use of this known device is advisable only when processing the soil before planting.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is the implementation of wide-directional directed A exposure to electromagnetic pulses of ultra-low frequency ultra-short-wavelength decimeter wave radiation for targeted stimulation of metabolic processes and better assimilation of nutrients and trace elements from the soil in the rows of plantations of large areas of industrial plantations of agricultural crops at low energy consumption with implementation digital intelligent agricultural technologies, without soil compaction, with the goal of increasing productivity and environmental safety.

The problem is solved in that in a mobile device for electromagnetic processing of plants, containing a vehicle of transportation on which a removable battery, a power supply unit, a navigation system for moving in space, an on-board control controller connected by a radio channel to a remote control, an operating electromagnetic plant irradiation, including a radio transmitter and emitter, is mounted on the underside of the hexacopter frame between the landing gear and is made in the form of hz-shaped antenna with a reflector connected to the output of the decimeter range radio-frequency power amplifier with microwave carrier amplitude manipulation in the ultra-low frequency range, the radio transmitter power amplifier input is connected to the output of the buffer amplifier, the first input of which is connected to the output of the carrier frequency generator, and the second input is connected to the output of the tunable generator of rectangular pulses of ultra-low frequency, the power circuit of which is connected to the power supply through a blocked pedestal the electronic key, the control input of which is connected to the on-board control controller, the LED for indicating the activation of the device is connected to the power circuit, and the LED for indicating plant irradiation is connected through the converter to the power amplifier of the radio transmitter.

The technical result of the device is that due to the fact that the working body of the plant electromagnetic radiation is mounted on a hexacopter and made in the form of a zigzag antenna with a reflector connected to the output of a decimeter-wave radio transmitter with amplitude manipulation in the ultra-low frequency range with remote control of the activation controller and its LED indication allows for directed irradiation of plants with electromagnetic pulses of ultra-low frequency ultrashort lnovogo UHF radiation. Such a wide-ranging directed effect on vegetative plants and their root zone in the rows of plantings under production conditions gives the greatest biological effect - it stimulates metabolic processes, leads to an increase in the permeability of cell membranes, leads to improved assimilation of the necessary nutrients, microelements from the soil and most fully implements genetic potential. In addition, the device used a hexacopter - an aircraft with 6 load-bearing, propellers that has proven itself in terms of reliability, carrying capacity, minimal cost, obtaining stability in flight and the lack of soil compaction of fields.

The novelty of the proposed technical solution is introduced into the proposed device, new elements of their relationships and placement, reflected in the claims.

Our analysis of the prior art, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information, and identifying sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed us to establish the absence of a technical solution in the sources, characterized by signs identical to the features of the proposed invention. The definition from the list of identified analogues of the prototype, as the closest in the totality of the features of the analogue, allowed us to establish a set of essential distinguishing features in relation to the technical result we see in the claimed device set forth in the claims. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "novelty."

The results of an additional search for known solutions showed that the claimed invention does not contain features that match the distinctive features of the claimed device from the prototype.

Therefore, the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art for a specialist, but is the result of the creative work of the inventors and the claimed invention meets the condition of "inventive step".

A mobile device for electromagnetic treatment of plants is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 - shows a General view of the device; in FIG. 2 - view of the device when irradiating plants in flight; in FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a decimeter range radio transmitter with amplitude manipulation; in FIG. 4 - time diagrams of the modulating and manipulated signals.

A mobile device for electromagnetic processing of plants (Fig. 1) contains an aircraft - hexakopter 1, on which a removable battery 2, a power supply 3, a navigation system for moving in space 4, an onboard control controller 5, a zigzag antenna 6, a reflector 7, a cable are placed feeder 8, a decimeter range radio transmitter with amplitude manipulation 9, a remote control 10. A decimeter range radio transmitter with amplitude manipulation 9 (Fig. 2) contains a rectangular pulse generator ultra-low frequency owl 11, a master carrier frequency generator 12, a buffer amplifier 13, a power amplifier 14, a converter 15, a plant irradiation indication LED 16, a device activation indication LED 17, an electronic key 18, a toggle switch 19, a rectangular pulse generator frequency setting switch 20.

A mobile device for electromagnetic processing of plants works as follows.

First, they check the operability of the radio transmitter 9. To do this, using the switch 20 set the desired frequency of the amplitude manipulation of the transmitter 9 of the decimeter radiation of the zigzag antenna 6 on the plants. The toggle switch 19 is set to the “On” state, registering the flashes of the plant irradiation indication LED 16, and then it is turned to the “Off” state and the “On” command is sent from the remote control 10, while also marking the flash of the LED 16 The toggle switch 19 is used to autonomously verify the operability of the radio transmitter 9 in order to improve the reliability of operation of the device.

Choose a flight mode: automatic, semi-automatic or manual. In automatic mode, the flight plan is pre-programmed using a computer. In the semi-automatic mode, the hexacopter flies through the rows of landings and automatically changes to the adjacent row (s), but executes each command only as directed by the operator. This mode makes it easier to fly over irregularly shaped fields. In manual mode, the operator fully controls the hexacopter independently.

The hexacopter is equipped with a laser radar, which tracks the flight altitude with an error of several centimeters. Thanks to this, processing on slopes with a slope of up to 45 degrees is possible.

Hexacopter is able to lift up to 4.2 kg of payload and be with it in the air for up to 20 minutes. In emergency situations, when the battery is discharged or if there is no signal from the navigation control system, the hexacopter will return to the take-off point and land automatically.

After checking the operability of the device, determining the area and processing mode of the crop, the device is set in motion. Upon reaching the specified flight altitude and the processing start point, the On command is issued from the control panel or the entered program, activating the operation of the radio transmitter 9 by receiving a command from the on-board control controller 5, which opens the electronic key 18 (Fig. 3) for supplying voltage to the radio transmitter power circuit and indication of the activation of the work by the glow of the LED 17. In this case, the voltage of the carrier frequency signal from the master oscillator of the carrier frequency 12 is supplied to the first input of the buffer amplifier 13, to the second input of which a control signal U (t) of rectangular shape (FIG. 4, Pos. 21) of the tunable oscillator 20 of rectangular pulses of ultra-low frequency frequency switch 11. As a result of its periodical closing and opening of the output buffer amplifier 13 is formed by a radio signal U _m (t) with amplitude manipulation (Fig. 4, pos. 22), which, through a power amplifier 14, enters through a feeder cable 8 into a zigzag antenna 6 and is radiated from a given flight altitude to plants (Fig. 2, pos. 23). In this case, the LED 16 indicating the irradiation of plants, connected through a converter 15 to the power amplifier 14, produces periodic flashes of light in accordance with the period of the control signal U (t) ultra-low frequency (Fig. 4, item 21). Thanks to the use of amplitude manipulation in the radio transmitter, energy is saved, which is especially important when the device is powered by a battery. A transmitter with an output power of 1 W is assembled on the basis of modules tuned to a frequency of 433.5 MHz, which refers to an unlicensed frequency in the band 433.075-433.790 MHz, which can be used for any need, with some restriction on the power of the emitted signal.

When the frequency of the carrier of the amplitude-manipulated (AMn) signal is not higher than 10 ⁹ Hz and there are no “dimensional effects”, it is a secondary factor as a result of the influence of the electromagnetic field (EMF) on the biosystem, and the frequency of amplitude manipulation is the primary factor affecting the result of the exposure . Almost the same effect as the low-frequency pulsed 5 magnetic field, the effect of AMF EMF on plants makes it possible to significantly simplify and cheapen the design of radiating devices. This is possible due to the fact that the propagation pattern of AMF EMF is determined not by the modulating frequency lying in the ultralow frequency (VLF) range, but by the carrier frequency, the choice of which is not limited to frequencies of 10 ⁹ Hz. At the same time, for an unlicensed frequency of 433.5 MHz on a hexacopter, it is possible to use a light, small-sized (overall dimensions of 480 × 340 × 11 cm), a narrowly directed antenna, such as a zigzag antenna 6 (Fig. 1), containing an active vibrator in the form of two spaced apart horizontals of identical metal rhombic frames connected in parallel. Each of the two frames forms a square with a total length of all four sides equal to the wavelength of the radiation signal. It can be considered as a common-mode antenna, consisting of four half-wave vibrators, supplemented by a reflector 7, consisting of a number of parallel wires spaced horizontally, which part of the high-frequency energy incident on the reflector reflects towards the antenna sheet. It is not critical to the materials and sizes in the manufacture, has good agreement with the lead cable of the feeder 8 (Fig. 1). When using such a zigzag antenna 6 with a reflector 7, a horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave propagates with a rather narrow beam (Fig. 2), so it is possible to process a strictly defined part of the field, in which neighboring sections of the field will not be affected. The width of the main lobe in the E and H planes at a level of 3 dB is 60 °. Given that the main lobe of the radiation pattern of such an antenna is symmetrical in the transverse plane, we can assume that the radiation spot on the plants is round. The diameter of the irradiation spot of plants from a given height of the hexakopter flight H = 10 m and the angle of divergence of the antenna pattern α = 60 ° at 3 dB is D = H⋅Sinα = 8.66 m. Then, when the radiation power is supplied to the antenna from the radio transmitter, P = 1 W, the flux density of the plant irradiation power G is: G = 4P / πD ² = 1.7 =10 ^-6 W / cm ² = 1.7 μW / cm ² , which excludes the heating of plant tissues, which is noted at values of more than 10 mW / cm ² and is in the optimal sensitivity range in the sense of the information interaction of the perception by plants of electromagnet field (EMF). With a relatively low level of EMF, it is customary to speak of an informational effect, which means the formation of a biological effect due to the energy of the body itself, an external effect gives only an impetus of “information” for the development of the body's reaction. The required number N of impulses of the manipulated signal of the radio transmitter 9 on the plants to obtain a biological effect, obtained experimentally, is in the range of 30-60. For a given frequency of amplitude manipulation F = 16 Hz and the number of exposure pulses N = 48, the exposure time to plants is t _in = N / F = 48/16 = 3 s, while the hexacopter flight speed is V _g = L / t _in = 6 / 3 = 2 m / s, where L is the transverse length of the active region in the radiation spot. When processing an industrial plantation of plantations with a hexacopter, as a rule, a tack fly is used. The flight time of one tack on an area of 1 ha by the proposed device is t _g = 100 / V _g = 100/2 = 50 s. When Z is covered by a radiation spot Z = 6 rows (Fig. 2), for example, wild strawberries, the number of tacks M _g required by the proposed device for flying around an area of 1 ha is 100 / Z = 100 \ 6≈17. The total flight time of the proposed device with an area of 1 ha of plantings is equal to: t _p = t _g ⋅ M _g = 50⋅17 = 850 s = 850 / 60≈14 min with return to the starting point of departure. In a production environment with a continuous technological process of processing the running amplitude-manipulated radiation of the decimeter range of strawberry plants, the productivity is determined by the speed of movement of the proposed device across the plantation and is equal to 4 ha / hour.

An analysis of the technological application schemes of the device showed that it has greater productivity compared to the known technologies and has an adjustable working width (determined by the flight height of the copter), which will make it possible to use it in gardening on the plantings of low-growing berries with a spacing of 0.8-0.9 m, shrub berry fields with aisles of plantations of 2.5-3.5 m and in intensive type gardens with aisles of 3.0-3.5 m.

Thus, when the proposed device moves in the rows of plantations on industrial plantations, each plant and its root zone (Fig. 2, item 23) are directed by a series of low-frequency pulses of low-intensity decimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation, which provides the most complete stimulation of all vital processes and adaptation to environmental changes. As a result, this effect gives the greatest biological effect, which is expressed in increasing the permeability of cell membranes, stimulating metabolic processes, improving the digestibility of nutrients and trace elements - increasing the productivity of crops.

The proposed device is characterized by the following differences:

- most effective in fields of up to 100 hectares, in inaccessible places, on complex landscapes, where other equipment is not available;

- the possibility of combining agricultural operations, for example, electromagnetic processing and pollination;

- minimum cost and high reliability, does not require technological access for processing, unlike self-propelled vehicles, does not compact the soil;

- ease of management and maintenance with high performance.

The current level of agricultural production is determined by 1 intelligent machine technology and technical means of a new generation. The implementation of digital intelligent agricultural technologies requires a radical change in the paradigm of technical support, based on the development and application of new low-energy, environmentally friendly automatic and unmanned vehicles for software control of machine work processes. The proposed device is technically feasible and ensures the implementation of environmentally friendly technological method of stimulation of vital and growth processes of agricultural crops, their adaptation to environmental conditions and as a result of increased productivity.

Claims (1)

A mobile device for the electromagnetic treatment of plants, comprising a transport vehicle on which a replaceable battery, a power supply unit, a navigation system for moving in space, an on-board control controller connected by a radio channel to a remote control, a working body for electromagnetic irradiation of plants, including a radio transmitter and a radiator, characterized in that the working body is mounted on the underside of the hexacopter frame between the landing gears and is made in the form of a zigzag a typical antenna with a reflector connected to the output of the decimeter-band radio transmitter power amplifier with microwave carrier amplitude manipulation in the ultra-low frequency range, the input of the radio transmitter power amplifier is connected to the output of the buffer amplifier, the first input of which is connected to the output of the carrier frequency generator, and the second input is connected to the output of the tunable ultra-low frequency rectangular pulse generator, the power circuit of which is connected to the power supply through a blocked tumbler m electronic key, the control input of which is connected to the on-board control controller, the device activation indication LED is connected to the power supply circuit, and the plant irradiation indication LED is connected via a converter to the radio transmitter power amplifier.

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