RU2523836C1 - Method of production of eggs for dietary and functional nutrition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: in basic diet of laying hens dihydroethoxyquin is additionally added in amount of 30 mg and selenopyran in amount of 9 mg per kilogram of dry matter of the diet.

EFFECT: feeding laying hens with said antioxidants causes production of high quality food eggs with reduced content of lipid peroxidation products and total cholesterol.

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Description

The invention relates to the feeding of poultry, namely laying hens.

It is known from the prior art that the antioxidant ethoxyquin (Santokhin) is used: 1) as an effective stabilizer of fats and vitamins in feed of farm animals; 2) as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent against animal diseases, encephalomalacia, exudative diathesis, muscle dystrophy (Manual on the use of ethoxychin (santokhin) in animal husbandry and in the production of grass meal. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture of Russia No. 13-5-2 / 1144. TU 6 -02-1288-84 IZM, 1-5.07.09.2004).

The new domestic preparation, dihydroethoxyquin, is a hydrogenated derivative of the antioxidant ethoxyquin widely used in the production of livestock and poultry products. The preparation was synthesized and kindly provided by the RiVKNOROS Innovation Fund, Moscow.

The empirical chemical fomula of ethoxyquin (Santokhin) is 6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline, and dihydroethoxyquin is 6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinoline. That is, there are two more hydrogen atoms in the dihydroethoxyquin molecule. This gives the compound a number of new valuable properties. First of all, the compound, in contrast to ethoxyquin, which is a lipophilic liquid, becomes solid and water-soluble, which makes the drug much more technologically advanced. In addition, its toxicity does not exceed the toxicity of ethoxyquin, and the antioxidant activity, according to our data, significantly exceeds that of ethoxyquin.

The applicant has worked with various antioxidants for several years. Selenopyran was recognized as the best of them, according to a wide range of in vitro and in vivo properties studied (RF Patent No. 2004158 “Method for the Production of Chickens”, 1993, Galochkin V.A., Boryaev G.I., Blinohvatov A.F. , Galochkina V.P., Kharitonova I.G., Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2038807, “Method for growing birds”, 1993, Galochkin V.A. Boryaev G.I., Kharitonova I.G., Galochkina V.P.), RF patent No. 2157690, 2000. "A way to increase productivity and non-specific resistance of piglets." Galochkin V.A., Kuznetsova T.S., Koloskova E.M., Galochkina V.P., Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2281007, December 6, 2004. Method for the production of biologically active substances - selenopyran, selenopyran and its products, Boryaev G. .I., Blinohvatov A.A., Vikhreva V.A., RF Patent No. 2230523, 2004, Method for increasing the productivity and nonspecific resistance of calves, Galochkin V.A., Galochkina V.P.).

Selenopyran is a fat-soluble compound. According to the applicants' working hypothesis, significant progress in realizing the task of developing new, more effective methods of feeding laying hens and obtaining high-quality eggs can be achieved by the simultaneous combined introduction of fat-soluble and water-soluble antioxidants in the diets. The volumes, role and significance of the reactions occurring in the aqueous phase of the body are well known. Currently, the high metabolic activity of adipose tissue is confirmed. In addition, each cell and each subcellular organelle of each cell is surrounded by a lipoproten membrane. All lipophilic and hydrophilic metabolites interact with the lipophilic and hydrophilic components of the membrane, which provides not only bilateral metabolic flows, but also metabolite transformations and metabolic regulation. Thus, from our point of view, only the simultaneous symbiotic action of the two indicated types of antioxidants, in both reaction chemical phases of the body, will achieve maximum biological effectiveness.

A known method of feeding broiler chickens, taken as a prototype and including the introduction of dihydroethoxychine into the main diet in order to improve the quality of meat products of broiler chickens (Galochkin V.A., Krapivina E.V., Shalegin V.N., Galochkina V.P. ., Patent No. 2350097 dated 03/27/2009, Method for improving the quality of meat products of broiler chickens).

In world science, the problem of the formation of the antioxidant status of the organism of higher animals and birds is given ever-increasing attention. New aspects of the regulatory role and the effect of antioxidants on metabolic processes, on the nonspecific resistance of the human body, animals and birds continue to be revealed, an intensive search for new, more effective antioxidants is constantly ongoing.

Free radicals are normal, physiological metabolites in a large number of body processes and, especially, in the reactions of lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial tissue respiration (oxygenase pathway of oxygen metabolism). However, their excess production and the inability of the body to successfully normalize their number is the most common cause of various metabolic pathologies. To combat them, the body contains a multicomponent, multifunctional and defense in depth antioxidant-anti-radical defense system.

Theoretically, the body has a physiologically homeostatic level of free radical processes and lipid peroxidation, which is necessary for the normal functioning of all intracellular components, as well as for the regulation of lipid composition, fluidity and, therefore, normal permeability of cytoplasmic membranes, without which the flow of all biochemical processes. This stationary state is determined by the tissue balance of antioxidants and prooxidants. In certain unfavorable biochemical situations in the body, tissue balance may shift towards prooxidants. This condition has been called oxidative metabolic stress. The result of oxidative metabolic stress is a partial or even complete disruption of the functioning of protective systems and the development of oxidative damage to literally every cell of all, without exception, organs and tissues.

Analysis of cholesterol fractions of lipoproteins of various densities around the world also continues to be among the most important diagnostic tests of the state of the antioxidant-antiradical system, and among the most important criteria for the functional state of metabolism in the body. Naturally, in combination with an elementary analysis of the sum of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde).

Currently, indicators such as total lipids, total phospholipids, triacylglycerols, and even total cholesterol alone are no longer being evaluated as having independent diagnostic significance. They are considered as asymptomatic in the clinic, i.e. they do not provide accurate diagnostic information about a specific pathology. In experimental biochemical practice, they recognize the ability to only reflect a certain general state of lipid metabolism in the body, a certain potential tendency. Antioxidants are active in inhibiting the oxidation of low density lipoprotein molecules (LDL). The mechanism by which antioxidants inhibit LDL oxidation is still not fully understood. However, it is believed that they reduce the formation of free radicals by protecting the LDL-α-tocopherol complex from oxidation and restore the previously oxidized LDL-α-tocopherol complex, which results in interruption of chain reactions of free radicals and lipoperoxides formation. It was precisely these physiological effects of dihydroethoxyquin and selenopyran that we calculated in the starting working hypothesis of the experiment. That is, the consequence of the above should be an improvement in the functional state of the antioxidant-antiradical system of the laying hens, which will allow them to produce high-quality eggs with a lower content of lipid peroxides and cholesterol.

The present invention is directed to solving the technical problem of improving the nutritional quality of eggs. For more than 30 years, there has been a struggle around the world for the low cholesterol products of livestock and poultry farming. This invention is focused on the targeted reduction in eggs of lipid peroxidation products and cholesterol. Egg products of the resulting quality may be intended for dietary, baby and functional nutrition.

The problem is solved in that, in contrast to the known methods of feeding laying hens, which include basic nutrition with full feed, according to the invention, instead of the generally accepted antioxidants, a new complex of water-soluble and fat-soluble antioxidants - dihydroethoxychine and selenopyran is introduced into the main diet.

The advantage of the proposed method for feeding laying hens over the traditional one is that when it is used, the functional activity of the systems responsible for the antioxidant-antiradical status of the organism is significantly and significantly increased. Moreover, in laying hens, not only does the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the blood decrease, not only does the pool of reduced equivalents increase, but the direction of lipid-cholesterol metabolism also changes radically. These metabolic changes are crucial in biosynthesis of hens of eggs, with a different ratio and different quality of nutrients. The use of a new complex of the two indicated antioxidants is both biologically and economically viable.

A distinctive feature of the invention: we associate the improvement in the dietary quality of the eggs produced with optimization in the body of laying hens of redox balance, antioxidant-prooxidant status, a decrease in the rate of lipid peroxidation, and normalization of the direction of lipid-cholesterol metabolism, determined by a decrease in chicken blood malondialdehyde. A consequence of the positive metabolic situation in the body of laying hens is the production of high-quality eggs and is achieved by introducing a new dihydroethoxychine antioxidant in the amount of 30 mg / kg of feed in combination with selenopyran in the amount of 9 mg / kg of feed into the main complete feed. In the patent and scientific literature available, we did not find the use of dihydroethoxychine together with selenopyran to increase the dietary qualities of eggs. This circumstance allows us to consider the claimed invention patentable as meeting the condition of patentability "inventive step" (Patent Law of the Russian Federation of 10/14/1992).

Example 1

Scientific and industrial experience was carried out in the conditions of OAO Vasilievskaya Poultry Farm branch of Vertunovka, Bekovsky District, Penza Region. Currently, the Vasilievskaya poultry farm mainly uses the ROOSS-308 cross bird. The floor technology of keeping laying hens of the parent herd of Big Dachman firm is applied. The experiment was conducted on two groups of laying hens of the parent herd. The control group was kept on a ration. The experimental group received mixed feeds, additionally enriched with new highly effective antioxidants of a wide profile - selenopyran at a dose of 9 g per ton and dihydroethoxychine at a dose of 30 g per ton. The number of laying hens in the experiment was 35365 heads, in the control - 35118 heads.

A crucial role in the production efficiency of eggs with high nutritional quality is played by feeding the parent herd. The analysis of compound feed recipes used in poultry feeding indicates a sufficient level and usefulness of feed. To meet energy needs, use sunflower oil. Guaranteed vitamin and mineral supplements in the form of premixes and a drug against mycotoxins (Mycofix Plus) are introduced into the feed.

Due to the fact that the first response of the body to the stressful effect of any etiology (increased radiation, excessive content of heavy metals in the body, uncomfortable feeding and maintenance conditions, deviation from the normal state of health, etc.) is the release of free radicals. We paid close attention to indicators characterizing the functional state of the antioxidant-antiradical system, lipoperoxidation processes, and lipid-cholesterol metabolism.

In the blood of chickens and egg yolk are defined:

1. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD); 2. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPO); 3. The concentration of lipid peroxidation products (MDA, malondialdehyde); 4. The concentration of triacylglycerols (TG); 5. The concentration of total cholesterol (XO); 6. The concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HLPVP); 7. The concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (CLLP); 8. (HLPONP) very low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration; 9. The concentration of total protein; 10. The concentration of albumin.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Table 1 Indicators of lipid-cholesterol metabolism in the blood of chickens Groups STUDYED INDICATORS TG XO HLP VP HLP NP HLP ONP MDA SOD GPO Recommended Method 1.51 ± 0.07 5.10 ± 0.29 1.77 ± 0.16 2.88 ± 0.31 0.45 ± 0.08 6.49 ± 068 1881 ± 230 1217 ± 198 Traditional way 1.58 ± 0.08 5.17 ± 0.21 1.34 ± 0.15 3.20 ± 0.41 0.63 ± 0.09 8.11 ± 1.05 2395 ± 341 1819 ± 321 % to control 95.6 98.6 132.1 90.0 71.4 80 127 149 Note: 1. (TG) - Concentration of triacylglycerols 2. (XO) - The concentration of total cholesterol 3. (HLPVP) - High density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration 4. (CLLP) - The concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol 5. (HLPONP) - Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration 6. MDA - Concentration of malondialdehyde 7. GPO - glutathione peroxidase activity 8. SOD - superoxide dismutase activity

A quick look at the digital material presented in Table 1 reveals some very interesting patterns. The concentration of triacylglycerols and total cholesterol does not undergo significant and significant changes, while the concentration of cholesterol in the high density lipoprotein fraction in the experimental group significantly and significantly increases (by 32%), and the cholesterol fraction of low and very low density lipoproteins decreases.

An objective assessment of the functional state of the systems responsible for the nonspecific resistance of the organism, the state of antioxidant defense, and the mechanisms of nonspecific reactions to any adverse environmental influences can be successfully evaluated by another group of indicators, shown in Table 1. Here, all the main biochemical results of the experiment are systematized. Moreover, of the biochemical parameters only those that have undergone significant and significant changes during the experiment are included. The concentrations of protein and albumin in our blood determined during the experiment did not undergo significant changes and fluctuated within the physiological norm (53.7 ± 4.6 and 21.88 ± 2.3 g / l, respectively), therefore, they are not included in the table.

Throughout the experiment, higher activity rates of the main antioxidant enzymes of the body — superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase — were observed both in the blood of chickens and in the yolk of eggs. In the yolk of the eggs of the experimental group, the concentration of cholesterol and malondialdehyde (the final product of fat oxidation) was lower than in the control (Table 2).

table 2 Biochemical parameters in egg yolk Indicators Control group Experienced group % to control Total cholesterol 7.9 ± 0.12 7.1 ± 1.13 90 Malonic dialdehyde 140.7 ± 19.6 114.4 ± 17.5 81 GPO Activity 1712 ± 195 2324 ± 350 136

The egg weight in the control and experimental groups during the 10 weeks of the experiment ranged from 58-66 g, the weight of the yolk, protein and shell also did not have significant intergroup differences.

In the world, the generally accepted criterion for the ratio of antioxidant-prooxidant processes in any cell of the body and the functional activity of the systems responsible for non-specific resistance is the content of malondialdehyde in the blood. An increase in its concentration characterizes the inability of the body's protective systems to successfully cope with the processes of lipid peroxidation and oxygen oxidation along the one-electron pathway, during which the bulk of superreactive free radicals are formed - unoxidized oxygen products that reduce the non-specific resistance of animals and birds.

We attribute the analysis of cholesterol fractions of lipoproteins of various densities, among the most important diagnostic tests of the state of the antioxidant-antiradical system, among the most important criteria for nonspecific resistance of the body. Naturally, along with an elementary analysis of the complex of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde).

Currently, it is believed that indicators such as total lipids, total phospholipids, triacylglycerols, and even total cholesterol alone are asymptomatic, i.e. they do not have independent diagnostic value. They do not provide accurate diagnostic information about a specific disease, but only reflect a certain general state of lipid metabolism in the body, a certain potential trend.

Antioxidants are active in inhibiting the oxidation of low density lipoprotein molecules (LDL). The mechanism by which antioxidants inhibit LDL oxidation is completely unknown. However, it is believed that they reduce the formation of free radicals, protect the LDL-α-tocopherol complex from oxidation, restore the oxidized LDL-α-tocopherol complex, and / or neutralize metal ions involved in oxidative reactions. It was precisely these physiological effects of dihydroethoxyquin and selenopyran that we calculated in the starting working hypothesis of the experiment. Thus, the consequence of the above should be an improvement in the efficiency of the systems responsible for the functional state of the nonspecific resistance of the laying hens, which should affect the quality of the eggs produced.

In the experimental group of laying hens, all factors related to atherogenic decreased, and one factor attributable to the number of anti-atherogenic increased. We consider this group of indicators far from being associated not only with the state of the cardiovascular system, but also with a large list of very serious, systemic metabolic disorders and pathologies.

Summarizing the quantitative dynamics of changes in the studied biochemical parameters in the blood of chickens and in the yolk of eggs, we come to the general conclusion not only about the complete harmlessness of the fed doses of the studied drugs, but also about the biological feasibility of introducing dihydroethoxychine together with selenopyran in the production of dietary supplements for laying hens. The totality of the information provided confirms the physiological adequacy for laying hens of the parent herd of introducing dihydroethoxychine and selenopyran into the diet in the indicated doses and according to the described scheme.

Eggs obtained from chickens of the experimental group (recommended method) can be qualified as dietary, as a product of children's and functional nutrition, since they contained significantly less lipid peroxidation and cholesterol compounds harmful to the human body.

Claims (1)

A method of producing eggs for dietary and functional nutrition with a low content of cholesterol and lipid peroxidation products, including basic polio nutrition, characterized in that dihydroethoxyquin in an amount of 30 mg and selenopyran in an amount of 30 mg are additionally added to the main diet of laying hens dry matter of the main diet.