RU2527499C2 - Eggs food quality improvement method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for feeding farm birds, in particular, laying hens. The method involves a basic full-ration food; into the laying hens food ration one additionally introduces dihydroethoxyquin in an amount of 100 mg per kg of the dry substance of the basic ration. The manufactured product may be used for dietary, child and functional alimentation.

EFFECT: invention implementation ensures enhancement of eggs food quality, in particular, ensures production of eggs with decreased content of products of lipid peroxygenation and total cholesterol.

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Description

The invention relates to the feeding of poultry, namely laying hens.

It is known from the prior art that the antioxidant ethoxyquin (Santokhin) is used: 1) as an effective stabilizer of fats and vitamins in feed of farm animals; 2) as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent against animal diseases, encephalomalacia, exudative diathesis, and muscular dystrophy. (Manual on the use of ethoxyquin (Santokhin) in animal husbandry and in the production of grass meal. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture of Russia No. 13-5-2 / 1144. TU 6-02-1288-84 IZM, 1-5.07.09.2004).

The new domestic preparation, dihydroethoxyquin, is a hydrogenated derivative of the antioxidant ethoxyquin widely used in the production of livestock and poultry products. The preparation was synthesized and kindly provided by the RiVKNOROS Innovation Fund, Moscow.

A known method of feeding broiler chickens, taken as a prototype and including the introduction of dihydroethoxychine into the main diet in order to improve the quality of meat products of broiler chickens (Galochkin V.A., Krapivina B.V., Shalegin V.N., Galochkina V.P. Patent No. 2350097 dated March 27, 2009. A method for improving the quality of meat products of broiler chickens).

In world science, the problem of the formation of the antioxidant status of the organism of higher animals and poultry is completely justified. New aspects of the regulatory role and the effect of antioxidants on metabolic processes, on nonspecific resistance and the state of the defenses of the human body, animals and birds continue to be revealed, an intensive search is ongoing for new, more effective antioxidants.

Free radicals are normal, physiologically natural metabolites in a large number of body processes and, especially, in the reactions of lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial tissue respiration (oxygenase pathway of oxygen metabolism). However, their excess production and the inability of the body to successfully normalize their number is the most common cause of the most serious and diverse metabolic pathologies. To combat them, the body contains a multicomponent, multifunctional and defense in depth antioxidant-anti-radical defense system.

Theoretically, in the body there is a physiologically homeostatic level of free radical processes and lipid peroxidation, which is necessary for the normal functioning of all intracellular components, as well as for the regulation of the lipid composition of fluidity and, consequently, the normal permeability of cytoplasmic membranes, without which the course of all biochemical processes is unthinkable. This stationary state is determined by the tissue balance of antioxidants and prooxidants. In certain unfavorable biochemical situations in the body, the tissue balance may shift towards prooxidants. This condition has been called oxidative metabolic stress. The result of oxidative metabolic stress is a partial or even complete disruption of the functioning of protective systems and the development of oxidative damage to literally every cell of all organs and tissues without exception.

For many years in the world, the content of malondialdehyde in the blood has been recognized as a generally accepted criterion for the ratio of antioxidant-prooxidant processes in any cell of the body and the functional activity of the systems responsible for non-specific resistance. The growth of its content characterizes the inability of the body's protective systems to successfully cope with the processes of lipid peroxidation and oxygen oxidation along the one-electron pathway, during which the bulk of superreactive free radicals are formed - unoxidized oxygen products that impede the normal course of all biosynthetic processes in the body.

Analysis of cholesterol fractions of lipoproteins of various densities around the world also continues to be among the most important diagnostic tests of the state of the antioxidant-antiradical system, and among the most important criteria for the functional state of metabolism in the body. Naturally, in combination with an elementary analysis of the sum of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde).

Currently, indicators such as total lipids, total phospholipids, triacylglycerols and, even, total cholesterol, separately cease to be assessed as having independent diagnostic significance. They are considered as asymptomatic in the clinic, i.e. they do not provide accurate diagnostic information about a specific pathology. In experimental biochemical practice, they recognize the ability to only reflect a certain general state of lipid metabolism in the body, a potential, poorly informative tendency.

The present invention is directed to solving the technical problem of improving the quality of eggs. For more than 30 years, there has been a struggle around the world for the low cholesterol products of livestock and poultry farming. This invention is focused on the targeted reduction in eggs of lipid peroxidation products and cholesterol. Egg products of the resulting quality may be intended for dietary, baby and functional nutrition.

The problem is solved in that, in contrast to the known methods of feeding laying hens, which include basic nutrition with full feed, according to the invention, a new antioxidant, dihydroethoxyquin, is introduced into the main diet instead of conventional antioxidants.

The advantage of the proposed method for feeding laying hens over the traditional one is that when it is used, the functional activity of the systems responsible for the antioxidant-antiradical status is significantly and significantly increased. Moreover, in laying hens, not only the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the blood decreases, but also the direction of lipid-cholesterol metabolism changes radically. These metabolic changes are crucial in biosynthesis of hens of eggs, with a different ratio and different quality of nutrients. The new antioxidant dihydroethoxyquin used is a solid water-soluble substance, unlike liquid fat-soluble ethoxyquin, it is more stable, less toxic, and has greater antioxidant activity. The use of dihydroethoxychin in production is more technologically advanced, since it can be introduced in the required dose in both feed and drinking water of laying hens.

A distinctive feature of the invention: we associate the improvement in the dietary quality of the eggs produced with optimization of the antioxidant-prooxidant status in laying hens, a decrease in the rate of lipid peroxidation and normalization of the direction of lipid-cholesterol metabolism, which is determined by the decrease in the blood of hens of malondialdehyde. A consequence of the emerging positive metabolic situation in the body of laying hens is the production of high-quality eggs and is achieved by introducing into the main complete feed a new antioxidant dihydroethoxyquin in the amount of 100 mg / kg of feed. In the patent and scientific literature available, we have not found the use of dihydroethoxyquin to increase the dietary qualities of eggs. This circumstance allows us to consider the claimed invention patentable as meeting the condition of patentability "inventive step". (Patent Law of the Russian Federation of 10/14/1992).

Example 1

The experiment was conducted at the Vasilievskaya poultry farm in the Penza region. The poultry farm uses outdoor technology for keeping laying hens of the parent flock of the cross ROOSS-308 of the Big Dachman company.

2 groups of laying hens of the parent herd of 100 animals each and 14 roosters were formed. Feeding the birds was carried out in accordance with existing standards. The age of the bird at the beginning of the experiment is 227 days. Dihydroethoxyquin was added to the feed at a dose of 100 mg / kg of feed. On day 41 of the experiment, blood was taken from the axillary vein for biochemical analyzes.

Biochemical methods of analysis.

In the blood of chickens and egg yolk are defined:

1. The activity of glutathione peroxidase; 2. The concentration of lipid peroxidation products (MDA, malondialdehyde); 3. Triacylglycerols (TG); 4. Total cholesterol (XO); 5. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HLPVP); 6. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (CLLP); 7. Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HLPONP); 8. Total protein; 9. Albumin.

An objective assessment of the functional state of the systems responsible for the state of the antioxidant-antiradical defense of the body, for the metabolic state, was carried out by us according to the group of indicators shown in Table 1. It summarizes the main results of the experiment. Since we did not find any intergroup differences in the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the concentration of total protein and albumin, these indicators are not included in the table.

Table 1 Indicators of lipid-cholesterol metabolism in the blood of chickens The studied indicators Groups Triacylglycerols Total cholesterol HDL cholesterol LDL cholesterol VLDL cholesterol MDA Recommended method (experience) 1.22 ± 0.39 5.63 ± 0.54 2.99 ± 0.56 2.09 ± 0.38 0.55 ± 0.08 6.65 ± 0.42 The traditional way (control) 1.23 ± 0.37 6.18 ± 0.31 1.49 ± 0.22 4.13 ± 0.50 0.56 ± 0.06 8.11 ± 0.72 % to control 99.19 91.10 200.67 51.0 102.0 81.9

Familiarization with the digital material presented in table 1 reveals very interesting patterns. The concentration of triacylglycerols and the cholesterol content in the very low density lipoprotein fraction does not undergo significant and significant changes, while in the experimental group the concentration of total cholesterol is reduced by 9%, and the concentration in the high density lipoprotein fraction significantly and significantly increases (one and a half times), and cholesterol low-density lipoprotein fractions sharply reduced (almost twice). As you can see from the digital material summarized in the table, the concentration of malondialdehyde was 18% lower in the experimental group than in the control, indicating the high efficiency of the antioxidant systems of the chicken body. Thus, a strict inverse proportion between the dihydroethoxychin introduced into the diet and the blood content of laying hens of malondialdehyde was demonstrated.

The obtained experimental material fully confirmed the correctness of our starting premise. For this group of indicators, we also received new, very convincing information. The most remarkable circumstance is a significant and reliable increase in the concentration of cholesterol fractions in the blood in high density lipoproteins, which are now classified as anti-atherogenic fractions, and a decrease in the blood cholesterol content in low-density lipoprotein fractions, which are classified as atherogenic fractions.

The egg weight did not differ between the experimental and control hens. Differences in the weight of the yolk, protein and shell were also not found. According to the content of total protein and albumin in the blood, the experimental bird also did not have advantages over the control one.

The concentration of MDA in the yolk of the eggs of control chickens was 60.2 ± 10.54 μM / L, which is almost 10 times higher than its concentration in the blood. At the same time, the MDA content in the yolk of the chicken group with DHE was 22.6 ± 3.21 μM / L and amounted to 36.3% of the value in the control. These are very interesting data, speaking, on the one hand, about the high intensity of metabolic processes in the yolk of eggs, in particular this applies to lipid peroxidation processes. On the other hand, in groups with the tested antioxidant, the concentration in the yolk of eggs of lipid peroxidation products (MDA) was almost three times lower than in the control.

The eggs obtained from the hens of the experimental group can be qualified as dietary, as a product of children's and functional nutrition, since they contained significantly less lipid peroxidation and cholesterol compounds harmful to the human body.

Thus, all the information obtained on the value of the set of indicators integrated characterizing the general state of peroxidation processes in the body of laying hens convincingly confirms the positive effect of dihydroethoxychin on laying hens producing high-quality eggs with a low content of lipid peroxidation products and total cholesterol and indicates the advisability the introduction of dihydroethoxychine into their diets.

Claims (1)

A method of improving the nutritional quality of eggs, including basic full-nutrition, characterized in that dihydroethoxyquin is additionally added to the main diet of laying hens in an amount of 100 mg per kilogram of dry matter of the main diet.