RU2523290C1 - Method of enhancing reproductive function of roosters of parent stock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: in the basic diet a new complex of antioxidants of dihydroethoxyquin is additionally introduced in an amount of 30 mg and selenium-pyran in an amount of 9 mg per kilogram of the compound feed.

EFFECT: use of the invention enables to enhance the reproductive function of roosters of the parent stock, hence to improve rate of fertilisation of eggs and hatchability of chickens.

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Description

The invention relates to the feeding of poultry, namely roosters.

The main economically useful signs of poultry — egg production, egg fertilization, chickens hatching, and duration of economic use — are closely related to the functional state of the system, which is responsible for the reproductive function of the body of both females and males.

Sperm production is one of the most important indicators of the reproductive qualities of roosters. There is a high correlation between the sperm production of roosters and the egg production of their daughters. There is also a high correlation between sperm production, seed quality and egg fertilization (hatching qualities of eggs). The selection of roosters in terms of reproductive function makes it possible to increase the fertilization of eggs by 5-10% and to reduce the numerical maintenance of very expensive producers by 10-15%.

In world science, the problem of the formation of the antioxidant status of the human body, animals and poultry is constantly justified. New aspects of the regulatory role and the effect of antioxidants on metabolic processes continue to be revealed, an intensive search is underway for new, more effective antioxidants. Judging by the current state and development trends of this field of knowledge, we have reason to believe that the preparation dihydroethoxyquin we used, being a hydrogenated analogue of ethoxyquin, in terms of the combination of useful qualities will exceed ethoxyquin and has a chance of being a real candidate for the wide inclusion of different animals and birds in diets species and ages. The empirical chemical fomula of ethoxyquin (Santokhin) is 6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline, and dihydroethoxyquin is 6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinoline). Those. in a molecule of dihydroethoxychine there are two more hydrogen atoms. This gives the compound a number of new valuable properties. First of all, the compound, in contrast to ethoxyquin, which is a lipophilic liquid, becomes solid and water-soluble, which makes the drug much more technologically advanced. In addition, its toxicity does not exceed the toxicity of ethoxyquin, and antioxidant activity, according to primary reconnaissance data, significantly exceeds that of ethoxyquin.

The applicant has worked with various antioxidants for several years. Selenopyran (RF patent No. 2004158, “Method for growing chickens”, 1993, Galochkin V.A., Boryaev G.I., Blinohvatov A.F.) was recognized as the best of them, according to a wide range of properties studied in vitro and in vivo. ., Galochkina V.P., Kharitonova I.G .; patent of the Russian Federation No. 2038807, “Method for growing birds”, 1993, Galochkin V.A., Boryaev G.I., Kharitonova I.G., Galochkina V. P .; RF patent No. 2157690, 2000, “A method for increasing productivity and nonspecific resistance of piglets”, Galochkin VA, Kuznetsova TS, Koloskova EM Galochkina VP; RF patent No. 2281007, 12/06/2004, the Method of obtaining biologically active things natural substances - selenopyran, selenopyran and products containing it.Boryaev GI, Blinohvatov A.A., Vikhreva V.A .; RF patent No. 2230523, 2004, Method for increasing the productivity and nonspecific resistance of calves Galochkin V.A. ., Galochkina V.P.). But selenopyran is a fat-soluble compound. According to the applicants' working hypothesis, significant progress in realizing the task of developing new, more effective ways of feeding cocks can be achieved by the simultaneous combined introduction of fat-soluble and water-soluble antioxidants into the diets. The volumes, role and significance of the reactions occurring in the aqueous phase of the body are well known. Currently, the high metabolic activity of adipose tissue is confirmed. In addition, each cell and each subcellular organelle of each cell is surrounded by a lipoproten membrane. All lipophilic and hydrophilic metabolites interact with lipophilic and hydrophilic components of the membrane, which provides not only bilateral metabolic flows, but also metabolite transformations and metabolic regulation. Thus, from our point of view, only the simultaneous symbiotic action of the two indicated types of antioxidants, in both reaction chemical phases of the body, will achieve maximum biological effectiveness.

It is known from the prior art that the antioxidant ethoxyquin (Santokhin) is used: 1) as an effective stabilizer of fats and vitamins in feed of farm animals; 2) as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent against animal diseases, encephalomalacia, exudative diathesis, muscle dystrophy (Manual on the use of ethoxychin (santokhin) in animal husbandry and in the production of grass meal. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture of Russia No. 13-5-2 / 1144. TU 6 -02-1288-84 IZM, 1-5, 09/07/2004). The new domestic preparation, dihydroethoxychine, was synthesized and kindly provided by the RiVKNOROS Innovation Fund, Moscow.

There is a known method of feeding broiler chickens, taken as a prototype, and including the introduction of dihydroethoxychine into the main diet in order to prevent the development of excessive free radical processes in the body and stimulate the functional activity of the systems responsible for non-specific resistance (Galochkin V.A., Krapivina E.V. ., Shalegin VN, Galochkina VP Patent No. 2370094 dated 10/20/2009. A way to increase the nonspecific resistance of broiler chickens).

According to the state of the art, the antioxidant-antiradical system determines the regulatory processes of metabolism in the body of higher animals and birds and is able to actively influence the state of protective forces, non-specific resistance, health and, of course, the reproductive function of male and female animals and birds of all kinds. Free radicals are normal, physiologically natural metabolites in a large number of body processes and, especially, in the reactions of lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial tissue respiration (oxygenase pathway of oxygen metabolism). However, their excess production and the inability of the body to successfully normalize their number is the most common cause of the most serious and diverse metabolic pathologies. To combat them, the body contains a multicomponent, multifunctional and defense in depth antioxidant-anti-radical defense system.

Theoretically, the body has a physiologically homeostatic level of free radical processes and lipid peroxidation, which is necessary for the normal functioning of all intracellular components, as well as for the regulation of lipid composition, fluidity and, therefore, normal permeability of cytoplasmic membranes, without which the course of all biochemical processes is unthinkable. This stationary state is determined by the tissue balance of antioxidants and prooxidants. In certain unfavorable biochemical situations in the body, tissue balance may shift towards prooxidants. This condition has been called oxidative metabolic stress. The result of oxidative metabolic stress is a partial or even complete disruption of the functioning of protective systems and the development of oxidative damage to literally every cell of all organs and tissues without exception.

For many years in the world, the content of malondialdehyde in the blood has been recognized as a generally accepted criterion for the ratio of antioxidant-prooxidant processes in any cell of the body and the functional activity of the systems responsible for non-specific resistance. The increase in its content characterizes the inability of the body's protective systems to successfully cope with the processes of lipid peroxidation and oxygen oxidation along the one-electron pathway, during which the bulk of superreactive free radicals are formed - unoxidized oxygen products that reduce the non-specific resistance of roosters. Analysis of cholesterol fractions of lipoproteins of various densities around the world also continues to be among the most important diagnostic tests of the state of the antioxidant-antiradical system, the most important criteria for nonspecific resistance of the body and the system closely associated with it responsible for the reproductive function of roosters.

The present invention is directed to solving the technical problem of enhancing the reproductive function of roosters of the parent herd and, therefore, to increase the fertility of eggs and hatchability of chickens.

The problem is solved in that, in contrast to the known methods of feeding roosters, which include basic nutrition with full feed, according to the invention, instead of generally accepted antioxidants, a combination of a new water-soluble antioxidant dihydroethoxyquin and fat-soluble antioxidant selenopyran is introduced into the main diet.

The advantage of the proposed method of feeding cocks over the traditional one is that when it is used, the functioning of the reproductive system is enhanced. The use of a new combination of the two indicated antioxidants is both biologically and economically beneficial for breeding poultry farms and reproductive farms in industrial poultry farms.

A distinctive feature of the invention: an increase in the nonspecific resistance of the body of roosters by inhibition of lipid peroxidation reactions in their bodies, a change in the direction of lipid-cholesterol metabolism, with simultaneous activation of the sequence of chemical reactions responsible for the restoration of sulfhydryl equivalents, and increased functioning of the reproductive system is achieved by introducing into the main complete compound feed of a new combination of water-soluble antioxidant that dihydroethoxychine in an amount of 30 mg / kg feed and fat-soluble antioxidant selenopyran in an amount of 9 mg / kg feed.

In the patent and scientific literature available, we did not find the use of dihydroethoxyquin together with selenopyran to increase the nonspecific resistance of roosters and the closely related functioning of the reproductive function. This circumstance allows us to consider the claimed invention patentable as meeting the condition of patentability "inventive step" (Patent Law of the Russian Federation of 10/14/1992).

Example 1

Scientific and production experience was carried out in the conditions of OJSC Vasilievskaya Poultry Farm, Vertunovka Branch, Bekovsky District, Penza Region. Currently, the Vasilievskaya poultry farm mainly uses the ROOSS-308 cross-bird. The floor technology of keeping laying hens of the parent herd of Big Dachman firm is applied.

Under the experience was a bird of two industrial buildings. The first poultry house was an experimental group containing 9 thousand heads of chickens and 640 roosters. Another house represented a control group with exactly the same number of hens and roosters. The control group received the main diet. Selenopyran at a dose of 9 mg / kg of feed and dihydroethoxyquin at a dose of 30 mg / kg of feed were added to the diet of the poultry of the experimental group.

Poultry farm "Vasilievskaya" - a large, highly profitable economy. The narrowest link in the technological cycle of the production of hatching eggs and breeding young animals, and therefore the main reasons for the lack of profit, the poultry factory experts consider not egg production and the duration of the productive period, but low non-specific resistance and insufficient reproductive function of roosters. It is with roosters that experts associate the low fertility of hatching eggs and, as a result, a decrease in the hatchability of chickens and a decrease in profitability. The average productive life of laying hens of breeding herds is 9-10 months. The life span of a rooster is 1-2 months shorter. The cost of one rooster is 5 thousand rubles. The main reason for the departure of chickens is culling to reduce egg production. The main reason for the roosters to leave is their physical death.

The studied indicators

Due to the fact that the first response of the body to the stressful effects of any etiology (increased radiation, excessive heavy metals in the body, uncomfortable feeding and maintenance conditions, deviation from the normal state of health, etc.) are disorders of lipid peroxidation, lipid-cholesterol metabolism and, as a result, an increased release of free radicals, and glutathione acts as the first limiting factor in the process of neutralizing them, we paid close attention to indicators characterizing the state of e antioxidant-antiradical system, and the ratio of oxidized and reduced forms of glutathione. When setting up the experiments, we proceeded from the expectation that both jointly tested drugs would be able to exhibit a glutathione-saving effect.

For research, experimental roosters were taken from the axillary vein three months after the start of the experiment.

In the blood of roosters are defined:

1. The concentration of lipid peroxidation products (MDA, malondialdehyde).

2. The extracellular concentration of reduced glutathione.

3. The extracellular concentration of oxidized glutathione.

4. TDS — thiol disulfide ratio (SH / SS).

5. The concentration of triacylglycerols (TG).

6. The concentration of total cholesterol (XO).

7. The concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HLPVP).

8. The concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (CLLP);

9. The concentration of very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HLPONP).

10. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD).

11. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPO).

Fertilization of hatching eggs and hatchability of chickens were taken into account.

Despite the full level of feeding of the parent herd, the farm has a high percentage of hatching egg infertility. Poultry specialists associate this with the quality of the feed used. Poultry diets contain a large amount of raw fat, which under normal conditions is easily and quickly oxidized. For this reason, the farm was extremely interested in testing two new antioxidants on a large herd. The second well-known problem in the world of low egg fertility and low hatchability of poultry farmers consider the unsatisfactory state of the reproductive function of roosters.

Table 1 Indicators of lipid-cholesterol metabolism in the blood of roosters Groups TG XO HLP VP HLP NP HLP ONP The traditional way (control) 1.97 ± 0.15 6.46 ± 0.39 1.67 ± 0.43 4.00 ± 0.67 0.79 ± 0.12 Recommended method (experience) 1.96 ± 0.23 6.63 ± 0.42 2.30 ± 0.21 3.74 ± 0.45 0.58 ± 0.11 % to control 99 103 138 93.5 73.3 Note: 1. (TG) - The concentration of triacylglycerols, microns / ml. 2. (XO) - The concentration of total cholesterol, microns / ml. 3. (HLPVP) - The concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, microns / ml. 4. (CLLP) - The concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, microns / ml. 5. (HLPONP) - The concentration of cholesterol lipoproteins of very low density microns / ml.

The digital material of Table 1 reveals interesting patterns. The concentration of triacylglycerols and total cholesterol does not undergo significant and significant changes, while the concentration of cholesterol in the high density lipoprotein fraction in the experimental group significantly and significantly increases (by 38%), and the cholesterol fraction of low and very low density lipoproteins decreases.

An objective assessment of the functional state of the systems responsible for the nonspecific resistance of the organism, the state of antioxidant protection, and mechanisms of nonspecific reactions to any adverse environmental influences are also reasonably evaluated by the group of indicators shown in Table 2.

table 2 Functional state of the glutathione reduction system in rooster blood Groups Indicators SH SS SH / SS MDA sod GPO Preservation,% Traditional way 0.842 ± 0.15 0.513 ± 0.09 1.64 13.4 ± 2.1 1360 ± 400 2209 ± 298 96.4 Recommended Method 0.939 ± 0.16 0.391 ± 0.08 2.40 9.03 ± 1.30 3744 ± 880 4279 ± 915 99.6 % to control 115 76 146 67.3 275 194 103 1. SH - reduced glutathione + cysteine, µm / ml. 2. SS - oxidized glutathione + cystine, µm / ml. 3. SH / SS - ratio. 4. MDA - Concentration of malondialdehyde, im / ml. 5. GPO - glutathione peroxidase activity, E. SOD - superoxide dismutase activity, E.

Throughout the experiment, higher activity indicators of the main antioxidant defense enzymes of the body — superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase — were observed; the concentration of malondialdehyde (the final product of fat oxidation) in the blood of roosters of the experimental group was lower than in the control. The thiol disulfide ratio (TDS), i.e. the ratio of sulfhydryl to disulfide groups in blood serum is an indicator of the degree of recovery of glutathione and a regulatory parameter and, at the same time, a mobile diagnostic test for assessing nonspecific resistance of the body. It can most informatively characterize the “buffer capacity” of the antioxidant system both in norm and in pathology.

The obtained experimental material fully confirmed the validity of our starting working hypothesis. Information on the size of the set of indicators that integrally characterize the general state of peroxidation processes in the body of roosters convincingly confirms the positive effect of dihydroethoxyquin and selenopyran on the nonspecific resistance of roosters and indicates the advisability of introducing these antioxidants into their diets. In the experimental group of cocks, all factors that we attributed to atherogenic decreased, and one factor attributable to the number of anti-atherogenic (HLPVP) increased. We consider this group of indicators not only related to the state of the cardiovascular system, but also with a large list of serious, systemic metabolic disorders.

As a result, it was found that the combination of antioxidants used has a positive effect on the performance of rooster sperm production. Antioxidants stimulate the development of larger gonads in comparison with the control, increase the volume of sperm production and do not reduce the concentration of sperm in it (table 3).

Table 3 Mass of gonads and indicators of sperm production of roosters Groups The age of cocks when taking sperm and slaughter at 9 months The volume of ejaculate, ml Sperm in the ejaculate, billions Sperm motility (in points) Seed color The mass of gonads, g Traditional way 0.5 3 Rectilinear, 9 points Lactic 3.21 ± 0.15 Recommended Method 0.6 four Rectilinear, 10 points Lactic 3.39 ± 0.12 % to control 120 133 106

The consequence of all the described physiological and biochemical changes was an increase in the size and hatchability of chickens from 83.1% in the control to 94.2% in the experimental group. The main reason for the low hatchability of chickens on the farm is the low fertility of eggs. In our experiment, unfertilized eggs in the control group were 11.9%, and in the experimental group - 2.8%.

Thus, all the information obtained on the magnitude of the set of indicators that integrally characterize the general state of redox processes in the body of roosters, and the data on the semen production of roosters convincingly confirms the positive effect of the new complex of antioxidants and indicates the advisability of introducing them into the diets of the parent herd of reproductive and breeding farms poultry farms.

Claims (1)

A method of enhancing the reproductive function of roosters of the parent herd, comprising feeding the main complete ration feed, characterized in that dihydroethoxyquin in an amount of 30 mg and selenopyran in an amount of 9 mg per kilogram of feed are added to the main feed.