RU2521980C1 - Composition for producing heat-resistant composites - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: composition for producing fire-resistant composites, which contains spent catalyst IM-2201, crushed rock, sand and H₃PO₄, further contains slag from smelting extra-low-carbon ferrochrome containing, wt %: SiO₂ - 5.8; Al₂O₃ - 54.8; Fe₂O₃ - 1.88; CaO - 13.2; MgO - 14.8; Cr₂O₃ - 5.4; R₂O - 2.3, with the following ratio of components, wt %: spent catalyst IM-2201 10-15, crushed rock 33-40, sand 10-13, orthophosphoric acid H₃PO₄ 10-15, slag from smelting extra-low-carbon ferrochrome 24-30.

EFFECT: high ultimate compression strength and heat-resistance of the fire-resistant composites.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of building materials, in particular the production of heat-resistant composites (concrete) based on chemical binders. Chemically binders used in heat-resistant concrete include water glass, silicate block (a transparent glassy alloy of alkaline silicates - semi-finished liquid glass) and phosphate bonds.

Known compositions for producing porous aggregates (for concrete) based on chemical binders of the following composition, wt. %: water glass - 45-65; sodium chloride - 5-15; the waste of a mining and processing factory in coal enrichment - 15-20; inter-shale clay formed during the production of oil shale - 15-20 / patent of the Russian Federation No. 2440312, IPC С04В 14/24. Composition for the production of porous aggregate / Abdrakhimova E.S., Roshchupkina I.Yu., Abdrakhimov V.Z., Kulikov V.A .; Applicant and patent holder Samara State Aerospace University named after academician SP Korolev, No. 2012222114, decl. 05/31/20910, publ. 01/20/2012, bull. No. 2 / [1].

The disadvantage of this composition is the relatively low strength of 2.65-2.75 MPa.

Closest to the invention is a composition for producing heat-resistant composites, comprising the following components, wt. %: alumina-containing sludge - 10.5-10.53 (220 kg / m ³ ); spent catalyst IM-2201 - 10.5-10.53 (220 kg / m ³ ); crushed stone - 35.88-35.89 (750 kg / m ³ ); sand - 30.62-30.63 (640 kg / m ³ ); N ₃ PO ₄ - 12.44-12.45 (260 kg / m ³ ) / Khlystov A.I. Improving the efficiency of heat-resistant composites through the use of chemical binders / A.I. Khlystov, S.V. Sokolova, A.V. Vlasov // Building materials, equipment, technologies of the 21st century. - 2012. - No. 9. - S. 38-42 / [2].

The disadvantage of this composition of the ceramic mass is the relatively low compressive strength after hardening and heating to a temperature of 1200 ° C and low heat resistance.

The essence of the invention is improving the quality of the heat-resistant composite.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the compressive strength and heat resistance of heat-resistant composites.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known composition, including spent catalyst IM-2201, crushed stone, sand and H ₃ PO ₄ , slags from smelting carbon-free ferrochrome with an additional content of, wt.%: SiO ₂ - 5.8 are additionally introduced; AlO ₃ - 54.8; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 1.88; CaO 13.82; MgO - 14.8; Cr ₂ O ₃ - 5.4; R ₂ O - 2,3 in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

spent catalyst IM-2201 10-15 crushed stone 33-40 sand 10-13 H ₃ PO ₄ 10-15 slag from the smelting of carbon-free ferrochrome with a content, wt.%: SiO ₂ - 5.8; Al ₂ O ₃ - 54.8; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 1.88; CaO 13.82; MgO - 14.8; Cr ₂ O ₃ - 5.4; R ₂ O - 2,3 24-30

Slag from the smelting of carbon-free ferrochrome is a material of a dense porphyry structure of red-brown color with interspersed spinel. A porphyry structure (i.e., a structure similar to a porphyry one) is a type of granular crystalline structure. A rock with such a structure contains phenocrysts of large sizes and has a granular crystalline surrounding bulk. This resembles a greatly enlarged porphyry structure with phenocrysts. The chemical oxide composition of the slag is presented in table 1, and the elemental in table 2.

Table 1 Chemical compositions of aluminum-containing industrial wastes Component The content of oxides, wt.% SiO ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ Fe ₂ O CaO MgO Cr ₂ O ₃ R ₂ O P.p.p. 1. Slags from the smelting of carbon-free ferrochrome 5.8 54.8 1.88 13.82 14.8 5,4 2,3 - 2. Spent catalyst IM-2201 7.90 74.5 0.15 - 0.10 14.8 1,57 -

table 2 Elemental chemical composition of the components Component Concentration, wt.% O Al Mg Na Ca Fe Si Cr 1. Slags from the smelting of carbon-free ferrochrome 50,42 19.26 8.2 1.3 7.3 0.52 6.8 6.2 2. The catalyst
IM-2201 60.74 26.58 - 2.81 - - 2.82 8.1

The phase composition of the slag is represented by aluminates of the composition CaO · Al ₂ O ₃ and chromium-alumina spinel. In CaO-Al ₂ O ₃ are known 3SaO-compound system of Al ₂ O _3, 12SaO · 7Al ₂ O _3, CaO-Al ₂ O _3, CaO-2AL ₂ O _3, CaO-6Al ₂ O _3. The reaction of the formation of calcium aluminates in the CaO-Al ₂ O _{3 system} proceeds mainly in the solid phase. When firing a mixture of CaO and Al ₂ O _{3 with a} 1: 1 composition to a temperature of 900 ° C, CaO · Al ₂ O _{3 is formed} as a result of diffusion of Ca ^{2+ ions} into the lattice of Al ₂ O ₃ crystals. At 950 ° C together with increasing amounts of CaO · Al ₂ O ₃ is observed appearance 12SaO · 7Al ₂ O _3, which is explained by the diffusion of Ca ²⁺ ions through a bed of CaO-Al ₂ O _3. In the temperature range 1000-1100 ° C due to the diffusion of Al ³⁺ ions through a bed of CaO-Al ₂ O ₃ appears a new connection CaO-2AL ₂ O _3, and in the temperature range 1100-1200 ° 3SaO-CaO-Al ₂ O ₃ forming at the CaO / 12CaO · 7Al ₂ O ₃ phase boundary. The formation of this phase is caused by the diffusion of Ca ^{2+ ions} into the 12CaO · 7Al ₂ O ₃ lattice.

Refractory slag - 1580-1620 ° C, deformation temperature under a load of 0.2 MPa: the beginning of softening - 1280-1300 ° C, fracture 1500-1550 ° C.

As phosphate binders, pure phosphoric acid H ₃ PO _{4 was} used, but monosubstituted aluminum phosphate Al (H ₂ PO ₄ ) ₃ , dibasic aluminum phosphate Al ₂ (H ₂ PO ₄ ) ₃ , chromium aluminum phosphate or aluminum chromophosphate binder can be used ) with the general formula Cr _n Al _4-n (H ₂ PO ₄ ) ₂ , where = 1, 2, 3.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention. The technological process for the production of cementless heat-resistant concrete and the manufacture of products and structures from them includes the preparation of molding materials, molding of products and heat treatment.

It should be noted that for their hardening and a set of brand strength, heat-resistant concrete requires special heat treatment.

For phosphoric acid concrete with the components shown in table 3, heating to 500 ° C with a temperature rise of 200 ° C at a speed of 60 ° C / h and up to 500 ° C-150 ° C / h, keeping for 4 hours cooling along with the oven.

Table 3 Compositions for obtaining heat-resistant concrete Components The content of components, wt.% one 2 3 Spent catalyst IM-2201 10 12 fifteen Crushed stone 40 38 33 Sand 10 eleven 13 H ₃ PO ₄ 10 12 fifteen Slag from the smelting of carbon-free ferrochrome thirty 27 24

Table 4 presents the physical and mechanical properties of heat-resistant concrete.

Table 4 Physico-mechanical properties of heat-resistant concrete, after hardening and heating to a temperature of 1200 ° C Indicators Compositions Prototype one 2 3 Heat resistance, ° С thirty 32 38 29th Mechanical compressive strength, MPa 48 52 54 46

As can be seen from table 4, heat-resistant concrete from the proposed compositions has higher rates of mechanical strength and heat resistance than the prototype.

The resulting technical solution when using slags from the smelting of carbon-free ferrochrome makes it possible to increase the mechanical strength and heat resistance of heat-resistant concrete.

The use of technogenic raw materials in obtaining heat-resistant concrete contributes to the utilization of industrial waste, environmental protection, and the expansion of the raw material base for building materials.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2440312, IPC С04В 14/24. Composition for the production of porous aggregate / Abdrakhimova E.S., Roshchupkina I.Yu., Abdrakhimov V.Z., Kulikov V.A .; Applicant and patent holder Samara State Aerospace University named after academician S.P. Korolev. - No. 2010122114, declared 05/31/20910, publ. 01/20/2012, bull. No. 2.

2. Khlystov A.I. Improving the efficiency of heat-resistant composites through the use of chemical binders / A.I. Khlystov, S.V. Sokolova, A.V. Vlasov // Building materials, equipment, technologies of the 21st century. - 2012. - No. 9. - S. 38-42.

Claims (1)

Composition for the manufacture of heat-resistant composites, including spent catalyst IM-2201, crushed stone, sand and H ₃ PO ₄ , characterized in that it additionally contains slag from the smelting of carbon-free ferrochrome with a content, wt.%: SiO ₂ - 5.8; Al ₂ O ₃ - 54.8; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 1.88; CaO - 13.2; MgO - 14.8; Cr ₂ O ₃ - 5.4; R ₂ O - 2,3 in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
spent catalyst IM-2201 10-15 crushed stone 33-40 sand 10-13 phosphoric acid (H ₃ PO ₄ ) 10-15 carbon-free ferrochrome smelting slag with a content, wt.%: SiO ₂ - 5.8; Al ₂ O ₃ - 54.8; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 1.88; CaO - 13.2; MgO - 14.8; Cr ₂ O ₃ - 5.4; R ₂ O - 2,3 24-30