RU2528643C1 - Composition for producing heat-resistant composites - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: composition for producing heat-resistant composites contains the following, wt %: spent catalyst IM-2201 10-15, crushed stone 33-40, sand 10-13, H₃PO₄ 10-15, aluminium-chromium wastes from etching aluminium alloys containing, wt %: SiO₂ - 7.2, Al₂O₃ - 68.3, Fe₂O₃ - 1.4, MgO - 0.7, Cr₂O₃ - 10.2, R₂O - 11.8 24-30.

EFFECT: high ultimate compression strength and heat-resistance of the fire-resistant composites.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of building materials, in particular the production of heat-resistant composites (concrete) based on chemical binders. Chemical binders used in heat-resistant concrete include water glass, silicate block (a transparent glassy alloy of alkaline silicates - semi-finished liquid glass) and phosphate bonds.

Known compositions for producing porous aggregates (for concrete) based on chemical binders of the following composition, wt.%: Water glass - 45-65; sodium chloride - 5-15; the waste of a mining and processing factory in coal enrichment - 15-20; inter-shale clay formed during the production of oil shale - 15-20 / US Pat. Russian Federation No. 2440312, IPC C04B 14/24. Composition for the production of porous aggregate. / Abdrakhimova E.S., Roshchupkina I.Yu., Abdrakhimov V.Z., Kulikov V.A .; Applicant and patent holder Samara State Aerospace University named after academician S.P. Queen. - No. 2010122114. Claim 05/31/20910; publ. 01/20/2012. Bull. No. 2 / [1].

The disadvantage of this composition is the relatively low strength of 2.65-2.75 MPa.

Closest to the invention is a composition for producing heat-resistant composites, comprising the following components, wt.%: Alumina-containing sludge - 10.5-10.53 (220 kg / m ³ ); spent catalyst IM-2201 - 10.5-10.53 (220 kg / m ³ ); crushed stone - 35.88-35.89 (750 kg / m ³ ); sand - 30.62-30.63 (640 kg / m ³ ); H ₃ PO ₄ - 12.44-12.45 (260 kg / m ³ ) / Khlystov A.I. Improving the efficiency of heat-resistant composites through the use of chemical binders / A.I. Khlystov, S.V. Sokolova, A.V. Vlasov // Building materials, equipment, technologies of the XXI century. - 2012. - No. 9. - S. 38-42 / [2].

The disadvantage of this composition of the ceramic mass is the relatively low compressive strength after hardening and heating to a temperature of 1200 ° C and low heat resistance.

The essence of the invention is improving the quality of the heat-resistant composite.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the compressive strength and heat resistance of heat-resistant composites.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known composition, including spent catalyst IM-2201, crushed stone, sand and H ₃ PO ₄ , aluminum-chromium waste from etching aluminum alloys is additionally introduced with a content, wt.%: SiO ₂ - 7.2; Al ₂ O ₃ - 68.3; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 1.4; MgO - 0.7; Cr ₂ O ₃ - 10.2; R ₂ O - 11.8 in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

spent catalyst IM-2201 10-15 crushed stone 33-40 sand 10-13 H ₃ PO ₄ 10-15

aluminum-chromium waste etching aluminum alloys

with a content, wt.%: SiO ₂ - 7.2; Al ₂ O ₃ - 68.3; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 1.4;

MgO - 0.7; Cr ₂ O ₃ - 10.2; R ₂ O - 11.8 24-30.

Aluminum-chromium waste from the etching of aluminum alloys is formed during the processing of aluminum alloys in metallurgical plants. From spent pickling solutions, a precipitate precipitates, which concentrates on the bottom of the bath and gradually crystallizes. Sludge of this group is characterized by a high content of Al ₂ O ₃ and can, under certain conditions, become a substitute for natural pyrophyllite, bauxite and other aluminum-containing components in the production of heat-resistant composites (concrete) based on chemical binders.

The chemical oxide composition of the aluminum-chromium wastes of etching of aluminum alloys is presented in table 1, and the element-by-element in table 2.

Table 1 Chemical compositions of aluminum-containing industrial wastes Component The content of oxides, wt. % SiO ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ Fe ₂ O CaO MgO Cr ₂ O ₃ R ₂ O P.P.P. 1. Aluminum-chromium waste etching aluminum alloys 7.2 68.3 1.4 - 0.7 10,2 11.8 - 2. Spent catalyst IM-2201 7.90 74.5 0.15 - 0.10 14.8 1,57 -

table 2 Elemental chemical composition of the components Component Concentration, wt. % O Al Mg Na Ca Fe Si Cr Aluminum Chromium Waste Etching Aluminum Alloys 64.64 24.55 0.3 4.2 - 0.17 2.48 3.66 Catalyst IM-2201 60.74 26.58 - 2.81 - - 2.82 8.1

For the manufacture of heat-resistant composites were used: crushed stone and sand, which are used in concrete and heat-resistant composites, in accordance with the requirements of GOST.

A) crushed stone that meets the requirements of GOST G 8267-93 "Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks for construction work. Specifications "M 600, 800-1000, with an average grain density of 2.0 to 2.5 kg / m ³ from carbonate rocks, mined in the Samara region, fractions of 5-10 mm;

B) sand that meets the requirements of GOST 8736-93 “Sand for construction work. Technical conditions. " River sand, mined in the Samara region, had the following indicators: average density in the dry state - 1.5 kg / m ³ ; the content of silty, dusty and clay particles is not more than 0.7% by weight; the true density of river sand is 2.65 g / cm ³ ; the presence of loam, lumps of clay and other clogging impurities no more than - 0.05%; fineness modulus - 1.68. Typically, in the compositions of heat-resistant concrete, the content of crushed stone and sand reaches 60% or more. In the proposed compositions, the maximum content of these natural inert materials is not more than 50% and up to 39% - production waste (table 3).

Table 3 Compositions for obtaining heat-resistant composites (concrete) Components The content of components, wt.% one 2 3 Spent catalyst IM-2201 according to TU 38.103544-89, bulk density 1.0-1.5 g / cm ³ ; 10 12 fifteen Crushed stone GOST 8267-93. M800, density 2.2 kg / m ³ 40 38 33 Sand GOST 8736-93, particle size modulus - 1.68; average density - 1.5 kg / m ³ 10 eleven 13 Orthophosphoric acid H ₃ PO ₄ in its pure form according to GOST 6552-80, norm - pure (parts) OKP 26 1213 0021 10. Mass fraction of orthophosphoric acid (H ₃ PO ₄ ) not less than 85%, density not less than 1.69 g / cm ³ 10 12 fifteen Aluminum Chromium Waste Etching Aluminum Alloys thirty 27 24

For the manufacture of heat-resistant composites, pure phosphoric acid H ₃ PO _{4 was} used as a binder in accordance with GOST 6552-80, the norm was pure (parts) OKP 26 1213 0021 10. Mass fraction of phosphoric acid (H ₃ PO ₄ ), not less than 85 %, density not less than 1.69 g / cm ³ .

In the application, as in the prototype, the spent catalyst IM-21 (production waste) was used - TU 38.103544-89. The chemical compositions of the catalyst: oxide and element-wise, are presented in tables 1 and 2.

According to TU 38.103544-89 spent catalyst IM-2201 must have the following indicators: the appearance of the powder is gray-green in color, bulk density is 1.0-1.5 g / cm ³ ; mass fraction of Al ₂ O ₃ not less than 70%. The spent catalyst was used as a refractory material.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention. The technological process for the production of cementless heat-resistant composites (concrete) and the manufacture of products and structures from them includes the preparation of molding materials, molding of products and heat treatment.

It should be noted that for their hardening and a set of brand strength, heat-resistant composites (concrete) require special heat treatment.

For phosphoric acid composites (concrete) with the components shown in Table 3, heating to 500 ° C with a rise in temperature to 200 ° C at a rate of 60 ° C / h and up to 500 ° C - 150 ° C / h, keeping in for 4 hours, cooling with the oven.

Table 4 presents the physico-mechanical properties of the heat-resistant composite (concrete).

Table 4  Physico-mechanical properties of a heat-resistant composite (concrete), after hardening and heating to a temperature of 1200 ° C Indicators Compositions Prototype one 2 3 Heat resistance, ° C 38 43 48 29th Mechanical compressive strength, MPa 54.3 57.1 59.87 46 Refractoriness, ° C 1630 1650 1680 - Temperature under load 0.2 MPa, ° C. 1520 1540 1580 -

As can be seen from table 4, the heat-resistant composite (concrete) of the proposed compositions has higher rates of mechanical strength and heat resistance than the prototype.

The resulting technical solution when using aluminum-chromium waste etching aluminum alloys can significantly improve the mechanical strength and heat resistance of the heat-resistant composite (concrete).

The use of technogenic raw materials in the production of heat-resistant composite (concrete) contributes to the utilization of industrial waste, environmental protection, and the expansion of the raw material base for building materials.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Pat. Russian Federation No. 2440312, IPC C04B 14/24. Composition for the production of porous aggregate. / Abdrakhimova E.S., Roshchupkina I.Yu., Abdrakhimov V.Z., Kulikov V.A .; Applicant and patent holder Samara State Aerospace University named after academician S.P. Queen. - No. 2010122114, declared 05/31/20910; publ. 01/20/2012. Bull. No. 2.

2. Khlystov A.I. Improving the efficiency of heat-resistant composites through the use of chemical binders / A.I. Khlystov, S.V. Sokolova, A.V. Vlasov // Building materials, equipment, technologies of the XXI century. - 2012. - No. 9. - S. 38-42.

Claims (1)

Composition for the manufacture of heat-resistant composites, including spent catalyst IM-2201, crushed stone, sand and H ₃ PO ₄ , characterized in that it further comprises aluminum-chromium waste etching aluminum alloys with a content, wt.%: SiO ₂ - 7.2; Al ₂ O ₃ - 68.3; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 1.4; MgO - 0.7; Cr ₂ O ₃ - 10.2; R ₂ O - 11.8 in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
spent catalyst IM-2201 10-15 crushed stone 33-40 sand 10-13 H ₃ PO ₄ 10-15
aluminum-chromium waste etching aluminum alloys
with a content, wt.%: SiO ₂ - 7.2; Al ₂ O ₃ - 68.3; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 1.4;
MgO - 0.7; Cr ₂ O ₃ - 10.2; R ₂ O - 11.8 24-30