RU2520228C1 - Development method of thick gently sloping formation in large slabs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method involves formation of lower slashing of formation by means of a plough unit with movement into it of a hauling conveyor, cutting in bottom-hole massif of a rear vertical slot and a slot that is upper along the boundary with the roof, which are longitudinal throughout the face length, lowering of the massif onto the conveyor, splitting of a mineral into slabs, output of the mineral from the face in slabs, their lowing into trolleys and locomotive haulage to a bulk material crushing chamber. In the massif settled down on the conveyor there cutout are inclined transverse slots splitting the massif into inclined layers that are then transferred to horizontal position for splitting of the mineral into slabs. Cutout of vertical transverse slots is performed using a motor-driven multi-jib machine.

EFFECT: high efficiency of a mining face, maximum extraction of mineral deposits from the formation being developed, extraction of methane from the produced mineral, safety of second working as per gas factor and sanitary-hygienic conditions of underground production as to dust.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining in the field of development of powerful flat formations. When developing powerful shallow strata of a mineral in one layer, significant losses of mineral occur [1], because It is not possible to completely extract it using existing methods. Most often, the upper pack of fossil is either not removed at all and goes into oblivion, or is extracted with great losses if the technology is used to release the fossil from the subroofing layer to the second conveyor from the fixed side of the lava.

If the fossil is prone to spontaneous combustion, then the fossil remaining in the worked out space spontaneously ignites, which leads to underground fires and the release of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere. According to safety rules, mining operations in this case should be stopped until the fires are extinguished. An example of this is the situation in the mines to them. Lenin, Olzherasskaya-Novaya, Sibirginskaya of the Southern Kuzbass coal company, where shallow coal seams with a thickness of 7.5-10 m with coal prone to spontaneous combustion are developed. Due to the cessation of mining in the event of underground fires, the company suffers large losses and a large number of people lose their jobs for a long time. To date, an effective and safe technology for the extraction of fossils has not been created when it is buried in powerful flat layers.

In this application for a invention, a method is proposed for developing a fossil from a powerful flat bed with excavation and transportation of large blocks of it by locomotive transport to the crushing chamber. Closest to the application is a patent for the invention, "The method of Professor Kariman underground mining of large blocks" (RF patent No. 2459078 C1 E21C 41/16 2006.01). Extraction of fossil is carried out in large blocks with the leading bottom face by creating a lower blasting of the reservoir along the entire length of the lava with a plow aggregate. Coal mining in large blocks is carried out from the upper part of the seam by cutting longitudinal gaps: the rear vertical and upper along the seam boundary with roof rocks along the entire length of the lava. At the same time, in the lower part of the lava, at the border with the recoil drift, the transverse vertical slots are cut in the already cut bottomhole massif of the fossil. The cutting of the transverse slots is carried out by hydraulic cutting jets of ultrahigh pressure water directly on the plate conveyor. The cut blocks are conveyed by the conveyor to the loader, and then one by one they arrive at the loader, with the help of which they are loaded into the trolley. After loading the blocks of the whole composition, the latter is sent to the crushing chamber for processing the blocks into loose bulk.

The technology described in the patent adopted for the prototype is difficult to use in the development of powerful flat layers of fossil. When developing a coal seam 111 with a capacity of 10 m (Lenin mine of the South Kuzbass company), after carrying out the lower blasting with a maximum height of 2 m, the height of the cut-out bottomhole array is still very large, equal to 8 m. The height of the blocks cut from it will also be 8 m. Such blocks cannot be transported, because the height of the haulage drift does not exceed 4 m, and there are no vehicles and equipment for loading and unloading for transporting such blocks.

The purpose of the invention is to create a technology for the extraction of fossil from powerful flat formations, providing:

- high productivity of the face;

- compliance with the MPC according to safety rules with associated methane extraction;

- 100% extraction of the fossil during its extraction, not allowing it to be left in the worked out space, leading to the occurrence of underground fires.

According to the submitted application, the method of developing fossils occurring in powerful gentle layers consists in parallel execution of the following technological processes:

- leading the main face of the bottom of the submerged formation plow unit as part of a plow installation and scraper conveyor;

- fastening the lower explosives with plow mechanized support;

- cutting through the cutting machines along the entire length of the lava of the rear vertical and upper along the boundary with the rock of the roof of the formation of longitudinal slits;

- cutting through the bottom hole array of the inclined transverse slots in the plate conveyor that has settled down and the third cutting machine moving along the inclined overpass;

- moving the inclined layer of fossil cut in the bottomhole array to a horizontal position on a plate reloader;

- cutting of the inclined layer of fossil that has entered the horizontal position into separate blocks by cutting the transverse vertical slots with a multi-bar coal-fired machine;

- the work of the plate reloader to move the cut blocks of the fossil to the unloading reloader located next to it in the same line from the side of the haul drift;

- the work of the unloading reloader to move the blocks of fossil located at its stand, one at a time to the loader;

- the work of the loader when loading one block of fossil in special cars and moving the train to replace the loaded special car under the lava loading point with an empty one;

- the movement of loaded trains of special wagons with fossil blocks along the recoil drift and bypass mining to the unloading point near the ramp into the crushing chamber and the movement of empty trains back;

- the movement of the sections of the mechanized lining after the movement of the cutting machine cutting the upper gap after the subsurface mass is deposited on the lava conveyor, fixing the exposed roof by pressing nozzles over the roof of the lining sections.

At the end of the extraction of the entire volume of fossil in the form of large blocks from the lava, the plate conveyor and both reloaders are frontally moved together with all the cutting machines, their bogies, overpasses and channel guides along which they move. Together with them, cable layers of both cutting machines for cutting longitudinal slits and a loader also move. Frontal movement is carried out by moving the entire base on which all this equipment is located in the lava and on the adjacent berm. The movement is carried out by simultaneously extending the rods of the hydraulic motors of the support sections along the entire length of the lava.

The invention is illustrated by means of drawings, each of which shows the following:

Figure 1. Location of equipment in the face, cross section of the lava; 1 - space of the lower explosions; 2 - plow; 3 - plow mechanized lining; 4 - plate conveyor of lava; 5 - cut bottomhole array of fossil; 6 - a cutting machine for cutting a back vertical slit; 7 - channel guides of the cutting machine for cutting the back slit; 8 - cutting bar cutting machine for cutting back slit; 9 - a cutting part and an electric drive of a cutting machine for cutting the upper gap; 10 - back vertical slit; 11 - the feeding part and the electric drive of the cutting machine for cutting the upper gap; 12 - cutting bar vrubmashiny upper slit; 13 - upper slot along the boundary of the formation with the breed of the roof; 14 - channel guide racks for cutting the upper gap; 15 - overpass for the top slit cutter; 16 - guide for moving the flyover of the upper slit cutting machine.

Figure 2. Cutting the cut bottomhole massif of the fossil into blocks, a section along the length of the lava; 4 - plate conveyor; 5 - cut bottomhole array; 17 - a cutting machine for cutting inclined transverse cracks; 18 - cut inclined layer of fossil; 19 - circular traction device for moving the cutting machine along an inclined overpass; 20 - mobile inclined overpass for cutting inclined slots; 21 - plate reloader for cutting blocks of fossil; 22 - multi-bar machine; 23 - cutting bars of a multi-bar machine; 24 - cut blocks of fossil; 25 - unloading reloader; 26 - blocks of fossil coming out of the lava for loading.

Extraction of fossil in large blocks allows it to be extracted from the developed reservoir in a volume of 100%, leaving nothing in the worked out space, which is very important to prevent underground fires due to spontaneous combustion of the fossil remaining in the worked out space.

The essence of the technology for developing a powerful flat bed in large blocks consists in cutting the entire bottomhole massif of fossil mined in one technological cycle and simultaneously cutting it into separate blocks from the side of the drift drift and moving the not yet cut section of the bottomhole massif into the cutting zone. Blocks of fossil that are ready for transportation are issued from the lava for loading. Blocks of fossil are transported by trains of loaded special wagons along the haulage drift and bypass output by a 28ARP type electric locomotive to a crushing chamber located outside the range of movement of a fresh stream of air coming in to ventilate the treatment works. In the crushing chamber, the blocks of the fossil are processed into a loose mass, which is transported to the barrel by general mine transport and delivered to the surface. If fossil coal or shale containing combustible gas is methane, then when crushing blocks into a fine mass, combustible gas is released in large quantities. The crushing chamber is an isolated room into which a well is drilled from the surface, equipped with a pipe for suction of combustible gas. With a fossil gas content of 25 m³ / t, which is typical for Kuzbass supercategory mines, the production of combustible gas amounts to a quarter or more than a billion cubic meters per year.

Extraction of fossil in large blocks from a powerful flat formation is carried out by lavas 150 m long with the formation of berm up to 5 m wide on both sides and from the side of the haulage drift of a niche with a width of not more than 1-1.5 m and a height of the entire thickness of the formation. In the lower part of the reservoir, the work of the plow face is constructing the lower sub-mine ahead of the main face. The height of the explosions is taken from the condition of non-destruction of the bottomhole coal mass when it is planted on a plate conveyor, but not less than 1.2 m from the soil of the formation. Mounting demolition made plow mechanized support.

At the beginning of the production production cycle after moving the plaster lining along the entire length of the lava, the plate conveyor 4 (Figure 1) and both reloaders 21 and 25 (Figure 2), located in line with it and located next to it from the side of the haulage drift. Together with them, all the cutting machines moving from the bottomhole and blocking sides of the lava conveyor along with their channel guides 7 and 14 (Fig. 1) and trolleys and overpasses moving along them, as well as cable layers and a loader, are pushed into the lower demolition. In the initial position before the start of the cycle, the cutting parts of the first two cutting machines for cutting longitudinal slits should be in a niche. At the same time, the cutting bar of the cutting machine for cutting the rear vertical slit should be transferred from the initial transport position to the vertical working position 8 (Figure 1) for cutting the slot through the entire thickness of the formation. Similarly, the cutting bar of the cutting machine 9-11, still located in the niche, should occupy the working position 12 along the boundary of the formation with the roof rock. Moving is done frontally at the same time along the entire length of the lava by extending the hydraulic shifter rods in all sections of the powered lining of the main face. The movement is combined with the idle movement of the cutting machines from the previous cycle and the reduction of the cutting bars from the transport position to the working one.

After moving the conveyor line, the working stroke of the cutting machine 6 (Fig. 1) of cutting the rear vertical slit 10 begins, and after it, with a lag of 5-10 m, the working stroke of the cutting machine 9-11 begins by cutting the upper slot 13 along the boundary with the formation roof. The cutting machines 6 and 11 are moved on trolleys along channel guides, respectively 7 and 14. The mechanization of the movement is ensured by the work of the feeding parts of the cutting machines having gears with gear racks installed on the sides of the plate conveyor on both sides of it. The feed speed of the cutting machines is 2.81 m / min according to the technical characteristics of the cutting machine “Ural-33” manufactured by the Kopeysk Machine-Building Plant. The cutting part 9 has its own electric drive. An increase in the load on the electric drive of the cutting machine 6 due to an increase in the length of the cutting bar to 8.5 m in comparison with 2.2 m according to the technical specification is compensated by a decrease in the thickness of the slot to be cut from 140 mm to 40 mm. The re-arrangement of power cables during the movement of both cutting machines is carried out by their own cable layers.

Following the passage of the cutting machine 9 of cutting the upper slot, a part of the bottomhole mass of the fossil, which remains behind and is devoid of all supports, settles on the plate conveyor, forming free space above itself. In the cut-out bottomhole array 5 (Figure 2) of the fossil deposited on the plate conveyor, the cutting of inclined transverse slots immediately begins. The cutting is carried out with a cutting machine 17, moving along the inclined plane of the flyover 20 from top to bottom. When moving from top to bottom through an inclined slit formed from the operation of the cutting bar, the cutting machine draws a thin metal sheet with a width of 2.8 m (the entire width of the cut fossil massif). When cutting an inclined slit, the feed force is created by a circular traction device 19, so that the cutting machine 17 consists only of the cutting part and the electric motor providing it. After cutting the inclined slit for the entire length of the inclined overpass 20, the metal sheet should overlap the entire area of the cut inclined slit, as well as the lower part of the cut inclined layer 18, which it rests on the transition section 4 of the plate conveyor. The final part of the metal sheet has hooks on both sides of the sheet, which the operator of the inclined overpass engages with the leftmost load-bearing plate of the plate reloader 21 for cutting fossil blocks. After cutting blocks with a multi-bar machine 22, the drive head of the loader 21 is turned on, and its load-bearing plates begin to move and, at a speed of 0.1 m / s, they transport fossil blocks to the unloading loader and at the same time draw a metal sheet with its top onto its loader carved inclined layer of fossil. After the entire inclined layer of the fossil 18 is drawn into the reloader 21 using the traction device 19, the metal sheet is drawn out from the inclined layer 18 located on the reloader 21 and lifted up the inclined overpass into the free space above the cut-out bottomhole array 5 After these preparatory operations are completed, the drive heads of the lava plate conveyor 4 are turned on and the cut-out bottomhole mass is moved at a speed of 0.1 m / s down to length so that the new position of the bottomhole array 5 repeats its previous position. Then, the cutting of the inclined slit begins again by the operation of the cutting machine 17 when it moves from top to bottom with the movement of the metal sheet along the inclined slit, and the process is repeated.

Let us determine the length by which it is necessary to move the bottomhole array 5 each time to obtain the height of the blocks of a fossil 2.7 m high. The height of the blocks 2.7 is two times their size along the length of the lava 1.35 m. Because the inclined layer of the fossil 18 after moving it lies horizontally on the plate loader, then the height of the cut blocks is equal to the thickness of the inclined layer 18. fossil 2.7 m. Therefore, to obtain the height of the cut blocks 2.7 m, it is necessary that the thickness of the inclined layer also be 2.7 m. Then the length by which is necessary each time to move the bottomhole array is 2.7 m: Sin α, where α is the angle of inclination of the inclined layer to the horizon. At an angle α = 52º, this distance is 2.7 m: Sin 52º = 2.7 m: 0.79 = 3.4 m.This length determines the number of inclined slots that need to be cut when cutting the bottomhole massif of the fossil into separate inclined layers ( 200 m-7 m): 3.4 m = 57.

Let us determine the length of time for cutting the cut-out bottomhole massif of the fossil into separate blocks, ready for delivery from the lava for loading. When the thickness of the developed shallow formation is 10 m and the height of the lower subversion of the formation is 1.5 m, the height of the cut-out bottomhole array is 10 m-1.5 m = 8.5 m. At an angle of inclination to the inclined gap horizon of 52 °, the length of the inclined gap is 8.5 m : Sin 52º = 8.5 m: 0.79 = 10.8 m. At a cutting speed of the inclined slit of 2.81 m / min, according to the technical characteristics of the cutting machine, the cutting time of one inclined slit is 10.8 m: 2.81 m / min = 3.84 minutes When the speed of movement of the load-bearing plates of the reloader is 0.1 m / s, the duration of time for moving the inclined layer of fossil 18 (Figure 2) from an inclined position to horizontal on a plate reloader is (3.4 m + 10.8 m): 0.1 m / s = 142, s = 2.36 min, where 3.4 m is the distance of movement of the inclined layer along the transition section of the plate conveyor, 10.8 m is the length of the plate reloader, which is assumed to be equal to the length of the inclined layer of the fossil. Then the total time for cutting and moving one inclined layer of the fossil is 3.84 min + 2.36 min = 6.2 min. The time taken to cut through the inclined slit, 3.84 min, is combined with the time cut through by a multi-bar coal-cutting machine for cutting vertical transverse slots in the inclined layer of fossil located on the plate reloader previously placed on it. Since the height of the inclined layer is 2.7 m, and the cutting speed of 2.81 m / min (since the multi-bar coal-cutting machine has a cutting part and the electric drive is the same as the Ural-33 cutting machine), then the cutting time of the inclined slots equal to 3.4 m: 2.81 m / min = 1.2 min. Since 1.2 min is less than 3.84 min, the time for cutting the vertical transverse slots is fully combined with the time for cutting the inclined transverse slots. But then for a total time of 6.2 minutes, completely cut into separate blocks and issue from the lava for loading the fossil from part of the cut bottomhole array 5 (Figure 2) in the volume of one inclined layer. Since there are 57 inclined layers in the cut-out bottomhole massif, the duration of their cutting into separate blocks and the delivery from the lava for loading is 6.2 min · 57 = 357 min = 6 hours

For 18 hours of working time, mining can be done

18 hours: 6 hours = 3 mining cycles. From one cycle, the production volume is 200 m · 2.8 m · 10 m · 1.3 t / cube = 7250 t. Then the daily production volume with the technology in question is 7250 t × 3 = 21750 t / day.

References:

1. Progressive technological schemes for the development of seams in coal mines. IGD them. A.A. Skochinsky. M. 1977

Claims (2)

1. The method of underground mining of mineral deposits, which lie in powerful shallow seams, large blocks, including the formation of a lower submergence of the formation with a plow aggregate with the delivery conveyor moving into it, cutting back vertical and upper slots along the length of the lava in the bottomhole array, lowering array to the conveyor, cutting the fossil into blocks, issuing the fossil from the lava in blocks, loading them into trolleys and locomotive hauling into the chamber for crushing into the bulk, cast ayuschiysya in that deposited on the conveyor array cut inclined transverse slots, dissecting array on inclined layers, which are then transferred to a horizontal position for cutting a mineral blocks. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting of the vertical transverse slits is produced by a multi-bar machine with an electric drive.

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