RU2375575C1 - Method for layerwise development of strong sloping beds of minerals at high depths - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to mining and may be used in development of strong sloping beds of minerals, mainly coal minerals, by layer systems of development in descending order. Method for layerwise development of strong sloping beds of minerals at high depths, including separation of bed into layers, separation of layers into columns of mineral, development of columns in long breakage faces in descending order with abandonment of interlayer pack and performance of preparatory ventilation and haulage drifts of lower layer with displacement to the side of exhausted space relative to drifts of the first layer and abandonment of inter-column pillars. Prior to beginning of breakage works in upper layer, unloading slot is created from preparatory drifts of upper layer at the angle of 45° to vertical plane in direction of lower layer, at the same time depth of slot is identified according to the following formula - L=2/3m, where L is depth of unloading slot, m; m is efficiency of lower bed layer, m.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to improve stability and to reduce costs for maintenance of preparatory drifts, to increase safety of mining works performance.

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Description

The invention relates to mining and can be used in the development of powerful gentle layers of minerals, mainly coal, layered development systems in a descending order at great depths.

A known method of layer-by-layer development of shallow-lying mineral strata (Fryanov V.N., Chubrikov A.V. Justification of the parameters of the technology for the preparation and development of powerful shallow seams: Novokuznetsk: SibGIU, 2002. 216 p.). This method includes the development of the formation in inclined layers with the collapse of the roof rocks and conducting treatment works with long columns using mechanized complexes.

The disadvantages of this method are the high costs of maintaining the workings of the lower layer in operational condition when conducting work at great depths and the loss of minerals in the pillars.

There is a method of layer-by-layer development of shallow seams of minerals adopted as a prototype (Kilyachkov A.P. Technology of mining. - M .: Nedra, 1992. 415 p.). The method includes working out the formation with inclined layers with the collapse of the roof rocks and conducting cleanup operations with long columns using mechanized complexes and ahead of the bottom of the upper layer with the left pillar pillars and the location of conveyor and ventilation layer workings under the collapsed rocks relative to the workings of the upper layer.

The disadvantages of this method are the high costs of maintaining the workings of the lower layer in operational condition when conducting work at great depths and the loss of minerals in the pillars.

These shortcomings are due to the fact that in order to ensure the operational state of the workings of the 2nd layer and reduce the maintenance costs, they must be located with a shift relative to the edge parts of the array (pillars) of the 1st layer under the worked out space to reduce the negative impact of the workings of the 2nd layer and removal hazardous stress concentration, and this shift increases with increasing depth of work and can reach 20 m (Sidorenko S.A., Sidorenko A.A., Nikishin D.Yu. Improving the technical and economic indicators of the layers mining of powerful flat seams of the Kuznetsk coal basin. Notes of the Mining Institute. Volume 172. SPb., 2007, 109-112).

The technical result of the proposed method is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known methods, namely the reduction of production costs to maintain the mine workings and mineral losses during mining of the lower layers of the mineral.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of layer-by-layer mining of powerful flat seams of minerals at great depths, including dividing the layer into layers, separating layers into columns of minerals, mining the columns with long treatment faces in a descending order, leaving the interlayer bundle and conducting preparatory ventilation and recoiling the workings of the lower layer with a shift towards the spent space relative to the workings of the first layer and the left pillar pillars, according to and before attainment of extraction works in the upper layer of the preparatory workings topsheet create a relief slit at 45 ° to the vertical plane in the direction of the lower layer, wherein the depth of the slit is determined by the formula L = 2/3 m,

where L is the depth of the discharge gap, m;

m is the thickness of the lower layer of the reservoir, m

The essence of the proposed method is illustrated by the diagram shown in the drawing, and the following description.

The drawing illustrates the following:

1 - the worked out space of the mining layer;

2 - extinguished ventilation drift of the 1st layer;

3 - ventilation drift of the worked layer;

4 - the worked-out layer of the worked out area;

5 - inter-main pillar;

6 - inclined unloading gap;

α is the angle of the slit to a vertical plane;

γ is the distance from the ventilation output of the worked-out layer to the edge of the massif (pillar), depending on the geological conditions.

A method of developing a shallow bed of mineral deposits is as follows.

The unloading gap is carried out ahead of the cleaning operations from the workings of the upper layer with a cutting machine to a depth of 2/3 of the power of the lower layer of the formation at an angle of 45 ° to the vertical plane to optimally reduce the width of the zone of propagation of the negative influence of the reference pressure in the direction of the worked out space of the overwork layer and reduce the deformation of the lining workings of the lower layer. With an increase in the depth of the gap, the positive effect increases, but at the same time, the costs of holding this gap increase significantly. Further work is carried out in accordance with known schemes. The layer is worked out by inclined layers with the collapse of roof rocks and conducting long-pillar cleaning operations using mechanized complexes and ahead of the bottom face slaughter, leaving the pillar pillars of the mineral and the location of conveyor and ventilation layer workings under the collapsed rocks relative to the workings of the upper layer.

At present, there are real opportunities for safe and cost-effective mining using the proposed method for the reserves of powerful gentle layers of minerals in the mines of Kuzbass.

The use of the proposed method of layer mining of powerful gentle layers of minerals at great depths allows to reduce production costs for maintaining the workings of the lower layer in operational condition by 10% or more, to reduce the operational loss of minerals in pillars along the lower layer due to the location of the workings with a lesser displacement under the worked out the space of the layer under construction.

Claims (1)

A method for layer-by-layer mining of powerful gentle seams of minerals at great depths, including dividing the layer into layers, separating the layers into columns of minerals, mining the posts with long stope faces in a descending order, leaving the interlayer bundle and conducting preparatory ventilation and recoil workings of the lower layer with an offset to the side the worked space relative to the workings of the first layer and the abandonment of the pillar pillars, characterized in that before the start of treatment into the top layer of the preparatory workings topsheet create a relief slit at 45 ° to the vertical plane in the direction of the lower layer, wherein the depth of the slit is determined by the formula
L = 2 / 3m,
where L is the depth of the discharge gap, m;
m is the thickness of the lower layer of the reservoir, m