RU2490458C1 - Method of layer mining of thick flat coal bed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method of layer mining of thick flat coal beds includes separation of a bed into layers, separation of layers into mineral columns, mining of layers with long working faces in descending order, leaving a layer-to-layer pack, with arrangement of developing ventilation and travelling roadways of the upper layer, leaving column-to-column pillars. Preparation of the mined layer of the extracted bed is carried out in pair mines, namely, with an area ventilation mine and an unloading mine near the ventilation one, an area conveyor mine and an unloading mine near the conveyor one, and unloading mines are tunnelled without supporting, outstripping the area mines, at the same time the distance between pair mines and the value of bottomholes outstripping of the unloading mines above bottomholes of area mines is determined according to formulas.

EFFECT: increased stability and manufacturability of mines arrangement in a mined layer, reduced losses of minerals when mining lower layers.

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Description

The invention relates to mining and can be used in the development of powerful flat layers of minerals, mainly coal, layered development systems in a descending order.

A known method of layer-by-layer development of shallow-lying mineral strata (Fryanov V.N., Chubrikov A.V. Justification of the parameters of the technology for the preparation and development of powerful flat layers: Novokuznetsk: SibGIU, 2002. 216 p.). This method includes the development of the formation in inclined layers with the collapse of the roof rocks and conducting treatment works with long columns using mechanized complexes.

The disadvantages of this method are the high costs of maintaining the workings of the lower layer in operational condition when conducting work at great depths and the loss of minerals in the pillars.

A known method for the development of powerful gentle layers of minerals (patent RU No. 2403386, dp 09.04.2009), including dividing into layers, conducting preparatory workings in the upper and lower layers, fixing the preparatory workings. The development of the layers is carried out in descending order with lavas. Preparatory workings of the lower layer pass under the edge of the reservoir, which was formed during mining of the lavas of the upper layer. Prior to the preparatory workings of the lower layer, the edge part of the formation is weakened above the route for the preparatory workings of the lower layer by, for example, drilling holes in the formation or creating gaps in the formation. The preparatory workings of the lower layer are fixed with anchors, while the depth of the weakening of the formation is greater than the width of the preparatory workings of the lower layer.

The disadvantage of this method is the significant cost of maintaining the preparatory workings of the lower layer and the inability to ensure a satisfactory state of these workings when conducting mining operations at great depths due to the increased horizontal stresses from the side of the main pillar.

A known method of layer-by-layer mining of powerful flat seams of minerals at great depths (patent RU No. 2375575, dp 07.05.2008), selected as a prototype, including the separation of the layer into layers, the separation of layers into columns of minerals, mining columns with long working faces in a descending order, leaving the interlayer pack and conducting preparatory ventilation and recoil workings of the lower layer with a shift towards the worked space relative to the workings of the first layer and leaving the pillars oh pillars. Before starting treatment work in the upper layer from the preparatory workings of the upper layer, an unloading gap is created in the direction of the lower layer.

The disadvantage of this method are: significant losses of minerals in the lower layer due to the displacement of the preparatory workings towards the worked space relative to the workings of the first layer and the left pillar pillars, the long time and high complexity of creating a discharge gap, the need to link work to create a gap and treatment work in lava.

The technical result of the proposed method is to increase the stability and manufacturability of the workings of the worked-out layer, reducing mineral losses during mining of the lower layers.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of layer-by-layer mining of powerful flat coal seams, including dividing the layer into layers, dividing the layers into mineral columns, mining the layers with long stope faces in a descending order, leaving the interlayer bundle and conducting preparatory ventilation and discharge workings of the worked-out layer and the abandonment of the pillar pillars, the preparation of the worked-out layer of the removable layer is carried out by paired workings, namely, the precinct ventilation and azgruzhayuschey have ventilation output, the precinct of the conveyor and unloaded at the production conveyor and discharging without generating tested fastening ahead local workings, the distance between the paired workings determined by the formula:

, $$x\ge \frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m\; n"\; filenames="00000004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m\; </figure-callout>}}_n}{2}+\frac{H}{\mathrm{one}20}+h_n$$

,

where x is the distance between paired workings, m,

m _n - the thickness of the layer, m,

H - depth of mining, m,

h _n - the height of the coal ceiling above the unloading output, m,

and the value is determined by the formula

y≥2 · (x + a + b),

where y is the advance of the faces of the unloading workings over the faces of the local workings, m,

a is the width of the local development, m,

b is the width of the unloading output, m

The preparation of the underworked layer of the excavation layer using paired workings allows you to apply ventilation of the preparatory workings in the area to the closest failure due to mine depression, as well as significantly reduce the costs of working the workout by changing the attachment passport (reducing the mounting step of the support frame) by development in the part of the array unloaded from the reference pressure.

The invention is illustrated by the diagram in figure 1. The method of preparation of worked layers, which shows:

1 - extinguished ventilation output of the upper layer;

2 - unloading output of the ventilation output;

3 - precinct ventilation development of the worked layer;

4 - pillar pillar;

5 - the worked-out layer of the worked out area;

6 - mined space of the upper layer;

x is the distance between paired workings;

y is the lead of the bottom of the unloading mine over the face of the local mine;

7 - extinguished conveyor production of the upper layer;

8 - unloading output at the conveyor output;

9 - section conveyor development of the worked layer;

10 - failure.

The method of layer mining powerful flat coal seams is as follows. Preparation of the undercut layer of the excavation layer is carried out by paired workings: the local ventilation 3 and unloading 2, as well as the local conveyor 9 and unloading 8, while the unloading workings 2 and 8 pass ahead of y, m of the main local workings 3, 9, and the size of the lead unloading workings over the faces of local workings are determined by the formula: y≥2 · (x + a + b), where x is the distance between paired workings; a is the width of the precinct production; b is the width of the unloading output. Of the pair of workings closest to the edge of the pillar, it is unloading and is not used for transporting and passing people, therefore it is not fastened or a wooden frame is used for its fastening with the possibility of subsequent extraction, or an anchor is used. Due to the advance of the faces of the unloading workings over the faces of the local workings, the local workings are carried out in part of the array unloaded from the reference pressure and do not experience the negative impact of increased horizontal stresses. The distance x, m between unloading and district workings is determined by the formula

, $$x\ge \frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m\; n"\; filenames="00000004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m\; </figure-callout>}}_n}{2}+\frac{H}{\mathrm{one}20}+h_n$$

,

where m _n is the thickness of the layer; H - depth of mining operations; m _n - the height of the coal ceiling above the unloading mine. As a result of unloading workings, mining of minerals is also carried out, which allows to reduce losses in the worked-out layer. The local workings 3 and 9 are fastened, for example, with metal arch support and are placed under the worked-out space 6 of the layer under production 5. The unloading workings 2 and 8 are fastened, for example, with wooden frame support with the possibility of subsequent extraction or with anchor support.

Further work is carried out in accordance with known schemes. The layer is worked out with inclined layers with the collapse of the roof rocks and the conduct of cleaning operations with long pillars using mechanized complexes and ahead of the bottom of the top layer with the left pillar of pillars of the mineral and the location of conveyor and ventilation layer workings under the collapsed rocks relative to the workings of the upper layer.

The method was used in mining reserves of powerful shallow coal seams in the mines of Kuzbass. With increasing depth of mining operations, the effectiveness of the use of the proposed method increases.

Thus, the method allows to increase the stability and manufacturability of the workings of the worked layer, to reduce the loss of minerals during mining of the lower layers.

Claims (1)

The method of layer mining of powerful shallow coal seams, including dividing the layer into layers, separating the layers into mineral columns, mining the layers with long working faces in a descending order, leaving the interlayer bundle and conducting preparatory ventilation and recoil excavations of the upper layer and leaving pillar pillars, characterized in that that the preparation of the worked-out layer of the removable layer is carried out by paired workings, namely, the local ventilation and unloading at the ventilation workings, the local conveyor and unloading at the conveyor workings, and unloading workings pass without fastening ahead of the local workings, while the distance between paired workings is determined by the formula:
$$x\ge \frac{m_n}{2}+\frac{H}{\mathrm{one}20}+h_n,$$

where x is the distance between paired workings, m,
m _n - the thickness of the layer, m,
H - depth of mining, m,
h _n - the height of the coal ceiling above the unloading output, m,
and the magnitude of the lead of the faces of the unloading workings over the faces of the local workings is determined by the formula:
y≥2 · (x + a + b),
where y is the advance of the faces of the unloading workings over the faces of the local workings, m
a is the width of the local development, m,
b is the width of the unloading output, m

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