RU2518320C1 - Method of increasing productivity of pigs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary medicine.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises adding to the basic diet of pigs the zeolite-containing tripoli and calciphyte-5. Prior to weaning the mixture of calciphyte-5 and zeolite-containing tripoli is added to the prestarter in the ratio of 3:1 and fed to the suckling pigs based on 0.2 g/kg body weight from 15^th to 60^th day of life. In the postweaning period calciphyte-5 mixed with zeolite-containing tripoli is added to the basic diet in the ratio of 3:1.25 and fed to the pigs of prepubescent based on 3 g/kg body weight in the period from 60^th to 120^th day of life.

EFFECT: decrease of carcinogens in the basic diet, increasing digestibility and biological value of feed components and increasing the productivity of pigs.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry, in particular to pig farming, and is intended to increase the productivity of piglets.

In modern practice of agricultural production, keeping animals is accompanied by less and less of them providing with biotic and abiotic environmental factors and at the same time with an ever-increasing impact on the organism of factors of the artificial environment [1, 3].

In addition to numerous technological stress factors during intensive animal husbandry, the main types of stress experienced by productive animals include feed, which is one of the causes of the spread of non-communicable diseases that impede the achievement of high productivity. Inadequate feeding, in addition to the characteristic signs (impaired function of the endocrine, immune systems and gastrointestinal tract), there is a disorder in the normal development of eggs and sperm, their number and fertility are reduced. The lack of mineral elements in the feed, as well as the violation of their ratio lead to serious metabolic disorders. Due to stress due to mineral deficiency, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, rickets, tetany, salt deficiency, white muscle disease, anemia develop. Along with the general signs of the disease, specific symptoms characteristic of the insufficiency of each element are observed [2, 7, 11, 12].

It becomes obvious that, along with biogeochemical endemias of natural origin, endemic diseases should be studied, which are a reaction to the composition of the natural environment, altered by human activities. A scientifically based content system implies the creation of environmental conditions that increase the adaptive abilities and stress resistance of animals, allow them to realize their potential productive and reproductive functions, or mitigate the negative effects of feed stress, climatic, technological, transport, as well as stress associated with veterinary preventive and zootechnical measures [6, 10].

For the prevention of weaning stress, biogeochemical endemia, raising the immune status of animals, and replenishing mineral deficiency, especially young animals, a number of substances of various nature are used.

Known methods of replenishing mineral deficiency of productive animals:

1. Using a feed additive, including natural zeolite and sawdust (patent No. 2368235);

2. Means for the prevention and treatment of intrauterine rickets, young rickets and metabolic disorders, including calcium glycerophosphate, calcium lactate, citrate, magnesium sulfate anhydrous, sulfur, iron lactate, potassium silicate, potassium iodide, calcium fluoride, lyophilized ginseng extract, meat and bone meal (patent No. 2009663).

Known methods do not provide normalization of metabolic processes in a sufficient volume, since when using them, either the adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract to the optimal absorption of biologically active substances is not provided, or the micro- and macroelement composition of the drugs used is not balanced enough.

Active growth of piglets, lack of motor activity, lack of sunlight, unbalanced mineral composition based on the use of local feed, leads to disruption of mineral metabolism and the development of rickets. This disease is observed in violation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, as well as if piglets lack manganese, cobalt, iodine, copper in the body.

Dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract, the development of dyspepsia leads to worse absorption of drugs.

The good digestibility of mineral substances depends not so much on the amount of substance administered, but on its chemical nature, the presence of synergetic components and the state of the gastrointestinal tract.

The task is to determine the optimal ratios of the ingredients in the diet for the prevention and treatment of rickets of young animals, metabolic disorders in piglets during the transition from milk-type feeding to concentrate, which has detoxification and preventive properties during feed stress, as well as to increase the productivity of piglets .

The closest in technical essence to the claimed object is a method of normalizing metabolic processes using permite and additionally cobalt chloride or cobalt basic carbonate, copper sulfate or copper carbonate basic, zinc sulfate or zinc carbonate basic, potassium iodide stabilized with sodium thiosulfate (patent No. 21898 )

However, this method has several disadvantages.

First of all, these are rather high recommended doses, which significantly increases its use and does not exclude the possibility of an overdose. It has also been proved that salts of trace elements, especially sulfate and hydrochloric acid, when mixed with vitamins accelerate their destruction [9].

The purpose of the present invention is to offer a highly effective and inexpensive way to increase the productivity of piglets, aimed at enhancing adaptive and compensatory reactions of the body, taking into account abiotic and biotic environmental factors, based on natural raw materials without causing side effects.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that as a substance to compensate for mineral deficiency, protect young pigs from weaning stress, increase their live weight gain, preservation, and prevent biogeochemical endemia, use Calcephit-5 preparation, which in the form of a mixture with zeolite-containing tripoli in a ratio of 3: 1 is introduced into the “starter” and fed to milk pigs at the rate of 0.2 g / kg body weight, from 15 to 60 days of life, then from 60 to 120 days of age, Calcephit-5, mixed with c olitsoderzhaschim tripoli in the ratio 3: 1.25, and fed to pigs prepubertal rate of 3 g / kg body weight.

The use of zeolite-containing tripoli as a carrier allows for the double efficiency of trace elements.

The natural origin, the ability to prolong the action of the used complex trace elements, can reduce the amount of substances used for the prevention and treatment of productive animals. At the same time enriching the body with the necessary micro and macro elements, endo and exotoxins are eliminated from the body and the digestive tract is prepared for better absorption of the necessary substances, due to the normalization of microflora due to the reduction of bacterial colonization of the intestine and the longer stay of the chyme in the gastrointestinal tract, due to which increases the degree of impact of digestive juices on food masses. Zeolite improves digestion by increasing the area of biochemical reactions in the intestine, sorption of low molecular weight metabolites [4, 5].

Zeolite-containing tripoli in the Alatyr deposit of the Chuvash Republic contains 24-30% zeolite, 18% calcite, 20% opal-cristobalite, 63.9% silica and various oxides (TU 10.07.16-00670433-97).

Calcephit-5 compares favorably with many well-known complex microelement preparations in that it is absolutely compatible with any feed, does not have toxicity, allergenicity, and has no analogues in Russia. The drug is a balanced mixture of minerals and phytoadaptogen, parts by weight: glycerophosphate Ca 1,0-3,125; meat and bone meal 5-10; Ca lactate 1.88-3.75; citrate 0.0125-0.0375; anhydrous magnesium sulfate 0.125-0.3125; sulfur 0.0375-0.125; iron lactate 0.0125-0.0625; potassium silicate 0.00375-0.015; potassium iodide 0.00025-0.00125; calcium fluoride 0.0000375-0.000125; lyophilized extract of ginseng tincture 0.00625-0.0625 (RF Patent No. 2009663, TU 9219-001-50021486-2002).

The technical result of this proposal is due to the fact that the introduction of a mixture of these substances into the feed has a versatile effect on the whole organism and on mineral metabolism, which leads to an increase in the productivity of piglets.

The prophylactic effectiveness of the claimed method for increasing productivity was tested on large white pigs from 15 to 300 days of age.

The work was carried out at the Krasnaya Chuvashiya agricultural production farm of the Yantikovsky district of the Chuvash Republic.

A series of experiments was carried out using the proposed method for feeding piglets, while enriching their diet with a mixture of Calcephit-5 and zeolite-containing tripoli in different doses.

4 groups of piglets of analogue piglets were formed, 10 animals each. Animals of the first group were kept on a general diet and served as a control.

Piglets of the second group daily once a day for 45 days before weaning received a mixture of Calcephit-5 and zeolite-containing tripoli in a ratio of 3: 1 at a rate of 0.1 g / kg body weight and 60 days after weaning a mixture of Calcephit-5 and zeolite-containing Tripoli in a ratio of 3: 1.25 at the rate of 2 g / kg of live weight.

Piglets of the third group daily once a day for 45 days before weaning received a mixture of Calcephit-5 and zeolite-containing tripoli in a ratio of 3: 1 at a rate of 0.2 g / kg body weight and 60 days after weaning a mixture of Calcephit-5 and zeolite-containing Tripoli in a ratio of 3: 1.25 at the rate of 3 g / kg of live weight.

Piglets of the fourth group every day once a day for 45 days before weaning received a mixture of Calcephit-5 and zeolite-containing tripoli in a ratio of 3: 1 at a rate of 0.4 g / kg body weight and 60 days after weaning a mixture of Calcephit-5 and zeolite-containing Tripoli in a ratio of 3: 1.25 at the rate of 5 g / kg of live weight.

Pigs of all groups were kept on the main diet according to the norms for the corresponding age (OP).

Throughout the experiment, the clinical and physiological state of piglets, growth and development was monitored, the results of hematological and biochemical parameters of blood serum were analyzed.

During the experiment, growth-weight, hematological and biochemical parameters were studied at the age of 15, 35, 45, 65, 90, 120, 180 and 300 days.

The results are shown in table 1-3.

Table 1 Piglet Growth Group Indicators Live weight kg The average daily gain, g one Start of experience 5.3 ± 0.65 267 ± 3.20 End of experience 135.93 ± 4.52 449 ± 3.11 2 Start of experience 5.4 ± 0.57 271 ± 2.44 End of experience 169.85 ± 3.45 605 ± 5.45 3 Start of experience 5.3 ± 0.54 265 ± 3.02 End of experience 181.64 ± 3.21 660 ± 4.35 four Start of experience 5.3 ± 0.61 263 ± 2.24 End of experience 167.74 ± 3.53 621 ± 5.43

As can be seen from the data presented, the best growth results were in piglets of the third group, who received a mixture of Calcephite-5 and zeolite-containing tripoli in a ratio of 3: 1 at a rate of 0.2 g / kg with feed daily, once a day for 45 days before weaning live weight and 60 days after weaning, a mixture of Calcephit-5 and zeolite-containing tripoli in a ratio of 3: 1.25 based on 3 g / kg of live weight.

Reducing the dose leads to a smaller effect, and increasing the dose does not lead to a better result.

Analysis of the obtained growth indicators showed that the productivity of animals varies depending on the concentration introduced into the OP of the recommended mixture.

In the control group of animals, growth retardation and development in the majority of piglets was revealed, which ultimately affected the daily average growth and, accordingly, productivity.

So, at the time of completion of the experiment, the increase in body weight of animals in the experimental groups exceeded the control indices in the second group by 19.97%, in the third - by 25.17%, and the fourth - by 18.96%.

table 2 Hematological blood counts Group Indicators Red blood cells, mln / μl Hemoglobin, g / l one Start of experience 5.50 ± 0.08 105.8 ± 2.26 End of experience 6.16 ± 0.02 113.6 ± 0.71 2 Start of experience 5.52 ± 0.25 106.4 ± 1.46 End of experience 6.62 ± 0.12 130.5 ± 3.37 3 Start of experience 5.51 ± 0.15 106.4 ± 0.75 End of experience 7.32 ± 0.12 145.0 ± 3.12 four Start of experience 4.64 ± 0.21 106.1 ± 2.40 End of experience 6.88 ± 0.54 135.8 ± 0.42

The results of hematological studies showed that at the time the test of the proposed method was completed, the difference in the erythrocyte content in animals of the second experimental group in comparison with the control was 6.66%, in the third group by 15.60%, and in the fourth group by 10.19%. A similar pattern was observed in the level of hemoglobin, which was significantly higher in animals of the second (13.09%), third (21.72%) and fourth group (16.36%) compared to control peers.

Table 3 Biochemical blood counts Group Indicators Total protein, g / l Ca, mg% P, mg% K, mg% one Start of experience 74.28 ± 1.31 5.11 ± 0.05 4.34 ± 0.15 15.15 ± 0.15 End of experience 78.77 ± 0.21 8.14 ± 0.14 7.58 ± 0.24 16.24 ± 0.12 2 Start of experience 73.52 ± 0.63 5.23 ± 0.210 4.33 ± 0.22 15.17 ± 0.14 End of experience 83.33 ± 0.64 11.84 ± 0.25 8.22 ± 0.43 17.73 ± 0.13 3 Start of experience 72.45 ± 0.80 5.22 ± 0.24 4.43 ± 0.14 15.13 ± 0.25 End of experience 87.13 ± 0.11 13.31 ± 0.16 9.94 ± 0.27 17.83 ± 0.22 four Start of experience 74.52 ± 0.36 5.24 ± 0.22 4.43 ± 0.15 15.11 ± 0.21 End of experience 85.63 ± 0.61 11.95 ± 0.21 8.84 ± 0.22 17.93 ± 0.22

At the end of the test method, the difference in the total protein content in animals of the second experimental group in comparison with the control was 5.43%, the third group - 9.57%, the fourth group - 7.97%.

The level of total calcium in the control group from the beginning of the experiment to its completion increased 1.6 times, in the second group - 2.3 times, in the third - 2.6 times, in the fourth - 2.3 times.

The content of inorganic phosphorus at the time of completion of observations in the second group was 7.89% higher than that of the control peers, 23.49% for the third group, and 13.85% for the fourth.

The potassium concentration at the time of completion of observations in the second group was higher than that of the control peers by 8.57%, the third group by 8.93%, the fourth by 9.69%.

The safety of piglets in the first (control) group was 89%, and in experimental 100%.

Moreover, in the control group diarrhea was noted in 4 piglets, in the fourth - in 1 piglet, and in the second and third group there were no cases of diarrhea.

Pigs of experimental groups differed from control peers in higher motor activity and good appetite.

Thus, the use of the method of using Calcephit-5 and zeolite-containing tripoli in the diet according to the proposed scheme allows to increase the gain in live weight by 25%, safety by 11% compared with the control, adjusts the metabolism, thereby preventing pathological conditions associated with its violation, in piglets, increases their resistance and is an effective way to prevent rickets in piglets.

Used sources

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Claims (1)

A method of increasing the productivity of piglets, including introducing into the main diet both before weaning and after weaning zeolite-containing tripoli and Calcephit-5, characterized in that the zeolite-containing tripoli and Calcefit-5 are introduced into the diet in the following doses and during the following periods: before weaning The “starter” is introduced with a mixture of Calcephit-5 and zeolite-containing tripoli in a ratio of 3: 1 and fed to milk pigs at the rate of 0.2 g / kg live weight from 15 to 60 days of life; in the post-weaning period, Calcephit-5, mixed with zeolite-containing tripoli in a ratio of 3: 1.25, is added to the main diet and fed to prepubertal piglets at the rate of 3 g / kg live weight from 60 to 120 days of age.