RU2514994C1 - Combined tillage working element - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: working element comprises a rod roller with alternating rods of square section and bearing units. The bearing units are attached to the rear links of the four-link parallelogram suspension. Under the roller a flat tooth with racks is mounted, which have the ability to move up and down, back and forth. The roller rods form a rhomb-shaped surface by alternating the rods mounted in parallel to the axis of the roller and at an angle to it. To the outer front edges of parallel rods the needles are attached chequer-wise. Part of the needles enters into the inner space of the roller rod, and the part goes outwards. The passage of the needles outwards constitutes 0.4-0.5 of the passage inside the space of the rod roller. The angle of crumbling of the flat tooth is 5-7°.

EFFECT: improving reliability of the machine operation and the degree of soil crumbling, increasing productivity and reduction of materials consumption.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to machines for continuous tillage.

State of the art

Known combined tillage working body, including sequentially laid out flat knives and a bar roller. The knife is installed at an angle of 25 ... 35 ° to the direction of movement and is fixed to the frame. The use of knives instead of lancet paws reduces traction resistance (see Mazitov NK Machines of soil-conservation agriculture. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1987. - P.13 ... 15).

As disadvantages, the following should be noted: since radial beds are used, the increased variability of the processing depth is preserved, because of the small angle of crushing of the knives, the process of crushing of the soil is worsened.

The closest in technical essence is the combined tillage working body of a steam modular cultivator containing four-link parallelogram pendants, to the rear links of each pair of which a two-cylinder roller with a flat knife located under it along the entire length is attached. The ribs of the outer cylinder are alternately alternated from a square bar and a round link chain. The inner cylinder is smooth (see RF Patent No. 78625, class AB 33/00, publ. 2008).

One of its significant drawbacks is the overhang of plant debris, trimmed weeds on a flat knife. The use of an inner cylinder and round link chains increases its material consumption.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result that can be achieved using the present invention is to increase the reliability of the machine, increase the degree of crumbling of the soil, increase productivity, reduce material consumption.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the combined tillage working body containing a bar roller with alternating square bars, bearing units fixed to the rear links of a four-link parallelogram suspension, a flat knife mounted under the roller with racks that can move up and down, back and forth, while the rods form a diamond-shaped surface of the roller by alternating rods mounted parallel to the axis and at an angle to it, and to the outer front faces of The needles are staggered along the rods arranged in a checkerboard pattern, some of which enter the inner space of the rod roller, some go outside, while the outward flight of the needles is 0.4 ... 0.5 from the outward flight of the space of the rod roller, and the angle of crushing of the flat knife is 5 ... 7 °, and the angle of inclination of the rods to the axis of the rod roller is 18 ... 27 ° and is equal to the angle of friction of the soil on the steel surface.

A brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1 - diagram of a combined tillage working body, General view.

Figure 2 is a diagram of the forces acting on a flat knife.

Figure 3 is a diagram of the interaction of needles with lumps of soil and a knife.

The implementation of the invention

Combined tillage working body includes a rod roller 1 (figure 1), made of rods 2 of square section. One row of 3 rods 2 is parallel to the axis (not shown) of the roller 1, and the other 4 is at an angle, and the angle of inclination of a number of rods 4 to the horizontal axis should be equal to the angle of soil friction on the steel surface 18 ... 27 ° (see Klenin N .I., Sakun V.A. Agricultural and land reclamation machines. - M .: Kolos, 1994). Otherwise, there is a decrease in reliability (verified empirically). The combination of rods 2 forms a diamond-shaped surface (not marked) of the rod roller 1. On the front faces of 5 rods 2 rows 3, the needles 6 are staggered. According to the experience of flat tooth harrows, the inter-track is accepted in the range from 45 to 50 mm (see Khalansky V.M. ., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural Machines. - M .: Kolos, 2006. - P.61 ... 63). The length of the needle 6 includes three parts: a _and + b _and + c _and (figure 3). The value of b _and is the width of the edge of the bar 2 square section. The most commonly used bars are 14 × 14 mm or 16 × 16 mm. The inner reach of the needle 6, which enters the hollow space of the bar roller 1 “a _and ”, must correspond to the size of the lumps most often located on the soil surface 7. These are lumps 7 of the soil with a size of 50 ... 60 mm. The outer reach of the needle 6 "c _and " should ensure the cleaning of the flat knife 8 from vegetation (plant debris, trimmed weeds). With a diameter of plant stems of 10 ... 15 mm, the offset of the needle 6 should be equal to a double value, that is, 20 ... 30 mm, so that the needle 6 itself does not clog (proved experimentally).

Then the length of the needle is 6:

L = a _and + b _and + c _and = 60 + 14 + 26 = 100 mm.

In this case, the flight of needles 6 to the outside is

$$\frac{26}{60}=0.43$$

from the departure of the needle 6 into the bar roller 1.

The needles 6 are attached to the front faces of the 5 rods 2, because when the rod roller 1 rotates, the needles 6 are installed on the active cleaning of the knife 8 from plant debris (A) and after cleaning they are in a vertical position (B), which ensures that the debris can be removed from them (not shown). The use of square rods 2 allows, firstly, to simplify the installation on the front faces of 5 needles 6, and secondly, to precisely withstand the installation precisely on those front edges 5 that provide the necessary trajectory of the needles 6, which allows you to clean off the vegetable 8 hanging on the knife residues, and freely, under the action of gravity, dump them on the treated surface of the soil.

The bearing assemblies 9 of the rod roller 1 are attached to the rear link 10 of the four-link parallelogram suspension 11 connected to the frame (not shown) of the tillage machine.

The diameter of the rod roller 1 should ensure rolling without unloading, pushing forward lumps 7 of soil.

$$D=d_{\mathrm{to}}\cdot ct{g}^2(\frac{{\phi }_{\mathrm{one}}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\phi "\; filenames="00000010.png,00000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\phi </figure-callout>}}_2}{2}),\text{mm}\text{, (one)}$$

where d _to - the diameter of the most frequently encountered on the surface of the lumps of soil, mm;

φ ₁ - the angle of friction of the soil on the surface of the roller;

φ ₂ is the angle of friction of the soil through the soil.

Having taken according to known data: d _to = 60 mm; φ ₁ = 18 °; φ ₂ = 22 ° (see Klenin N.I., Sakun V.A. Agricultural and land reclamation machines. - M.: Kolos, 1994. - P.163), we obtain:

$$D=60\cdot ct{g}^2(\frac{\mathrm{eighteen}+22}{2})=60\cdot 7.5=450mm$$

The diameter of the bar roller 1 must be at least 450 mm.

A distinctive feature of the proposed rod roller 1 is that its diamond-shaped surface improves quality performance. It is formed not by arranging the rods 2 along a helix opposite each other, but by alternating one row of 3 rods 2 parallel to the axis of the rod roller 1, with a row of 4 rods 2 located at an angle of 18 ... 27 ° to it.

The rods 2 installed across each other cannot level the soil surface, since their actions are directed towards each other.

In the presented embodiment, row 4 of rods 2 displaces the soil, leveling the surface, and row 3 of rods 2 parallel to the axis of the rod roller 1 captures the lumps 7 of soil and feeds them into the inner space (not indicated) of the rod roller 1, where they are exposed to needles 6 . Improves the degree of crumbling soil. If the angle of inclination of the rods to the axis of the rod roller 1 is less than the angle of friction of the soil on the steel surface, then the displacement of the lumps 7 to the side will slow down, and if it is more, it will become intense, which worsens the leveling of the surface (established experimentally). In addition, experience shows that such bar rollers are technologically advanced to manufacture.

Soil resistance to cutting depends on the volume of soil crushed by the blade of a flat knife 8 V _l and the coefficient of volumetric crushing of the soil q.

$$F_R=V_l\cdot q,H.\text{(2)}$$

Soil reactions:

$$F_P=k\cdot h\cdot l,H;\text{(3)}$$

h = c + a cos; c = b sinα; h = b sinα + a cos α;

where k is the soil resistivity, Pa;

h is the height of the frontal part of the knife, m;

a, b - thickness and width of the knife, m;

α is the angle of inclination of the knife to the horizontal plane, the angle of crumbling, deg.

From here:

$$F_P=k\cdot (b\cdot \sin \alpha +a\cdot \cos \alpha )\cdot l.\text{(four)}$$

Friction force:

$$F_{TP}=F_P\cdot \sin \alpha \cdot f_{\mathrm{one}},\text{(5)}$$

where f ₁ - coefficient of friction of the soil on the surface of the knife. As can be seen from formulas (4); (5), the smaller the angle of crushing α of the knife 8, the less the force F _p and F _TP . Therefore, we take α = 5 ... 7 ° (established experimentally).

Combined tillage working body operates as follows.

Flat knife 8 cuts a layer of soil. When the bar roller 1 runs over the soil lump 7, compression stress arises:

$$\sigma =q\cdot \Delta ,{\text{N / <figure-callout id="2" label="m" filenames="00000010.png,00000011.png" state="{{state}}">m</figure-callout>}}^{\text{2}},\text{(6)}$$

where ∆ is the linear deformation of the soil, m

Upon reaching a critical value of the normal stress σ, the lump 7 of the soil is destroyed.

However, this also compresses the soil under the lump 7, the lump 7 acquires acceleration g _K. Then not all gravity (the weight of the roller) acts on the lump:

$$F_{\mathrm{to}}=m\cdot (g-g_{\mathrm{to}}),\text{H}\text{, (7)}$$

where m is the mass of the roller, kg;

g - acceleration of gravity, m / s ² .

Lump 7 can completely push into the underlying soil, preserving its integrity, which then adversely affects the quality of sowing (proven experimentally). It is necessary to exclude g _k - lump 7 should remain motionless.

The flat knife 8 located under the bar roller 1 provides constrained compression of the lump 7. Energy costs for moving the lump 7, giving it acceleration g _to , are eliminated, and the weight of the bar rink 1 completely goes to its deformation and crumbling.

Part of the lumps 7 of the soil falls under the rods 2, and part enters the inner hollow space of the rod roller 1. These lumps 7 are subjected to intense action of needles 6 located on the rods 2, leading to their destruction.

The inner part of the needles 6 moves along a curve corresponding to a shortened cycloid (not shown), the outer - an elongated cycloid 12 (figure 3). The movement of the outer part, located outside the rolling circle of the rod roller R _to , is carried out by an elongated cycloid 12. This helps to clean the flat knife 8 from weeds and plant residues hanging after cutting. The inner part of the needles 6 provides impact on the lumps 7 of soil that have fallen into the inner space of the rod roller 1.

The proposed utility model in comparison with the prototype and other well-known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- increases the reliability of the machine by cleaning a flat knife from plant debris;

- installation of needles on a bar roller reduces material consumption by eliminating the inner cylinder and chains on the roller;

- the degree of crumbling of the soil increases by 20 ... 25% due to the active effect on the lumps of needles (proven experimentally);

- increased productivity by increasing the operating speed from 10 ... 12 km / h to 14 ... 16 km / h.

- simplified design.

Claims (2)

1. The combined tillage working body comprising a bar roller with alternating square bars, bearing units fixed to the rear links of a four-link parallelogram suspension, a flat knife mounted under the roller with uprights, with the ability to move up and down, back and forth, characterized in that the rods form a diamond-shaped surface of the roller by alternating rods mounted parallel to the axis and at an angle to it, and to the outer front faces of the parallel rods needles are staggered, some of which enter the inner space of the bar roller, some go outside, while the outward flight of the needles is 0.4 ... 0.5 from the outward flight of the space of the bar roller, and the angle of crushing of the flat knife is 5 ... 7 °. 2. The combined tillage working body according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the rods to the axis of the rod roller is 18 ... 27 ° and is equal to the angle of friction of the soil on the steel surface.

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