RU2514973C1 - Peat-wood moulding mixture for making heat insulation and structural-heat insulation articles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to structural materials used for heat insulation of industrial equipment and buildings for various purposes. The peat-wood moulding mixture for making heat insulation and structural-heat insulation articles contains peat dispersed in an aqueous medium as binder, sawdust as aggregate and tempering water, treated for 20-60 s with a magnetic field with magnetic induction of 40 mT, the tempering water being water subjected to preliminary ionisation before treatment with the magnetic field, and the binder being high or low moor peat dispersed in an aqueous medium or a mixture of low and high moor peat dispersed in an aqueous medium, with the following ratio of components, wt %: said peat or said mixture 20.5-28.5, sawdust 61.0-73.0, tempering water 6.5-10.5.

EFFECT: low water absorption and heat conductivity.

5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the construction, and more particularly to the production of building materials based on peat for thermal insulation boards, blocks, shells, which can be used for thermal insulation of residential, public, agricultural buildings and industrial equipment.

Given the significant reserves of peat, both high and low, the renewability of these natural resources and their environmental cleanliness, this raw material can be attributed to promising for use in the national economy, including for the production of building materials.

The prior art construction materials, which include horse poorly decomposed peat. Known peat plate made of a material that is a product of the hardening of the raw material mixture, including: a binder of fine peat - 45-50 wt.%, Aggregate - slightly decomposed peat - 30-35 wt.%, Water - the rest, and having a density after hardening - 495-545 kg / m ³ and the compressive strength of 0.35-0.45 MPa. Poorly decomposed peat plays a reinforcing role, and when water is added, tar is released, which envelops the aggregate particles. This achieves the strength of the product (RU 2181820, IPC ⁷ Е04В 1/76 publ. 04/27/2002). The disadvantages include the high density (495-545 kg / m ³ ) of the peat plate and low compressive strength (0.35-0.45 MPa). The disadvantage is that to obtain a raw mixture requires heating the water to + 90 ° C, which requires additional energy consumption, and the use of poorly decomposed peat leads to a decrease in the biological resistance of products. Peat slabs made by the method protected by patent RU 2041185, С04В 38/00 08/09/1995 are known. These plates are made of horse peat as a binder and wood sawdust as a filler. The disadvantage of such plates is that they have higher values of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of products (0.08 W / mK) and water absorption. In addition, their manufacture requires a complex (energy-intensive) technology for producing a binder.

Peat compositions for building products that are based on lowland peat are also known in the art. For example, compositions for plates, shells, blocks, protected by patents of the Russian Federation for inventions No. 2307813, 2273620. The presence of active functional groups in the composition of lowland peat, providing potential possibilities of physicochemical modification, lowland peat in comparison with highland peat has several advantages. It is characterized by a high content of minerals, is more moisture-resistant, has better adhesion properties, has a greater uniformity of particle size distribution, a significant content of humic substances and a low acidity compared to horse peats. The higher degree of decomposition inherent in low-lying peat, smaller than in the high peat, the size of the fibers makes the process of grinding low-lying peat less energy intensive.

Peat-wood composition for the manufacture of heat-insulating building materials, protected by RF patent for invention No. 2273620, contains as a binder lowland peat in the amount of wt.% - 20.5-28.5; as filler - sawdust in the amount of 61-73 wt.%, foaming additive - 3.5-6.5 wt.%, water-repellent additive - 3.0-5.0 wt.% with a water-solid ratio of 2.0- 2.4.

The advantage of products from this mixture is water resistance and high thermal insulation properties (average density is 150-200 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity is 0.04-0.06 W / mK). The compressive strength is 1.55-1.92 MPa. Foaming additives are included in the material to improve thermal insulation properties, and hydrophobizing additives to improve water resistance. The disadvantages of this composition include the drop in strength of the finished material and a complex multicomponent composition.

Building material obtained from a composition based on lowland peat (80-90 wt.%) With filler from sawdust (5-10 wt.%) According to patent No. 2307813, has a higher compressive strength (6.0-7.12 MPa) due to the use of reinforcing additives from synthetic fibers (5-10 wt.%) And is intended for the manufacture of structural and heat-insulating products.

Closest to the claimed invention is a peat-wood thermal insulation product according to the patent for utility model RU 90090 U1, IPC Е04В 1/76, Е04В 1/78, С04В 16/00, publ. 04/13/2009. The molding mixture for the specified product contains as a binder lowland peat in an amount of 20.5-28.5 wt.%, As a filler - sawdust in an amount of 61-73 wt.% With a water-hard ratio of 2.0-2.4. The molding mixture contains water treated with a magnetic field corresponding to a magnetic induction of 40 mT, for 20-60 s. The building materials obtained on the basis of the peat-wood composition have the following characteristics: compressive strength at 10% linear deformation 1.65-1.80 MPa, average density is 240-246 kg / m ³ , water absorption by mass is 50-88%, thermal conductivity is 0.047 -0.049 W / mK. The molding mixture according to the prototype is notable for its simplicity of composition and low water absorption and thermal conductivity.

Considering the fact that lowland and highland peat in the field, as a rule, are in close proximity, at the extraction stage it is necessary to constantly carry out laboratory monitoring to establish group affiliation.

The objective of the invention is the rational use of peat stocks, reduce labor costs for establishing the group affiliation of peat to obtain a molding mixture that has all the advantages of the prototype (simplicity of composition, reduced water absorption for peat building mixtures, sufficient strength and low thermal conductivity) regardless of the type of peat raw materials used .

Like the prototype, the inventive peat-and-wood molding mixture for the manufacture of heat-insulating and structural-heat-insulating products contains peat dispersed in an aqueous medium as a binder, sawdust as a filler and mixing water treated for 20-60 with a magnetic field corresponding to a magnetic induction of 40 mT .

Unlike the prototype, as the mixing water, the composition according to the invention contains water subjected to preliminary ionization before treatment with its magnetic field. As a binder, peat dispersed in an aqueous medium or low-lying peat dispersed in an aqueous medium, or a mixture of low-lying and high peat dispersed in an aqueous medium in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

water-dispersed peat 20.5-28.5 sawdust 61.0-73.0 mixing water 6.5-10.5

or:

water-dispersed lowland peat 20.5-28.5 sawdust 61.0-73.0 mixing water 6.5-10.5

or:

dispersed in an aqueous medium a mixture of lowland and peat moss 20.5-28.5 sawdust 61.0-73.0 mixing water 6.5-10.5

Ionized water for mixing can be obtained by classical electrolysis of water, that is, in stationary and flowing electrolyzers-ionizers ("Tech-730", "Tech-330", "AlkolineWater", "Chanson VS-70", "Perlen", " AP-1, IVA-1, MELESTA, etc.), or by passing water through a complex of specially selected minerals and semiprecious stones (tourmaline, coral, Karelsky schungite, silicon, etc.) having piezoelectric properties, or by contactless ionization of water based on the resonance effect.

Obtaining peat molding sand mixture is considered on a specific example.

First, a peat mixture was prepared. As the initial components for the peat mixture, both lowland and high peat, as well as their mixture in a ratio of 1: 1, and sawdust of coniferous and deciduous species in a ratio of 1: 3 were used. The ratio of peat species for the initial peat mixture is not limited to the given example. Low peat and high peat can be taken in any other ratio. As sawdust, which serve as a filler, sawdust of any tree species can be used. First (as in the prototype), the initial peat was pre-moistened, for example, to a moisture content of 80% and ground in a ball mill. The peat mixture thus dispersed in an aqueous medium or the peat mixture dispersed in an aqueous medium was mixed with sawdust and, after mixing, the finished peat mixture was shut with ionized magnetized water.

To obtain ionized water, it was passed through a filter-ionizer based on semiprecious stones. For the given specific examples (tables 1-3), ionized water was obtained in a filter-ionizer based on natural opal-chalcedony silicon, TU BY 500525801.001-2005. The ionized water was then passed through a magnetization unit and kept in a magnetic field with a magnetic induction of 40 mT for 20-60 s. The peat-wood mixture was closed with the obtained ionized magnetized water, and beam samples 40 × 40 × 160 mm were made from the obtained peat-and-wood molding sand mixture. Physico-mechanical properties of the samples were determined after drying at a temperature of 80-90 ° C for 16 hours. The composition data are presented in tables 1-3. Physico-mechanical properties of samples of these compositions obtained using magnetized ionized mixing water are presented in table 4.

Table 1 Compositions based on dispersed lowland peat Components The content of components, wt.% one 2 3 Dispersed lowland peat 20.5 24.5 28.5 Aggregate (sawdust) 73.0 67.0 61.0 Magnetized ionized water 6.5 8.5 10.5 table 2 Dispersed peat formulations Components The content of components, wt.% four 5 6 Dispersed peat 20.5 24.5 28.5 Aggregate (sawdust) 73.0 67.0 61.0 Magnetized ionized water 6.5 8.5 10.5 Table 3 Compositions based on a mixture of dispersed lowland and high peat in a ratio of 1: 1 Components The content of components, wt.% 7 8 9 Dispersed mixture of low and high peat 20.5 24.5 28.5 Aggregate (sawdust) 73.0 67.0 61.0 Magnetized ionized water 6.5 8.5 10.5

Table 4 Operational properties of peat composites using magnetized ionized mixing water No. Indicators Peat-wood compositions from mixtures according to tables 1-3 Prototype one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven 12 one Compressive strength, MPa 1,63 1.65 1,67 1,54 1,62 1,63 1,59 1,63 1,64 1.65-1.8 2 Bending Strength, MPa 0.61 0.65 0.68 0.56 0.61 0.62 0.59 0.63 0.64 0.45-0.56 3 The average density, kg / m ³ 246.0 255.0 259.0 244.0 250,0 256,0 249.0 252.0 254.0 240.0-246.0 four Water absorption,% 87.6 81.5 81.1 90.0 82.0 81.5 86.0 81.6 81.2 50.0-88.0 5 Thermal Conductivity, W / m ° C 0,047 0,048 0,049 0,047 0,047 0,049 0,048 0,048 0,049 0,047-0,049

To mix the peat-wood mixture from a mixture of peat and wood sawdust, ionized water was also obtained, obtained in a polymeric membrane activator-electrolyzer of a flowing type of alternating current on a positive anode, which allows one to obtain ionized liquid media with a pH from 2.2 (acidic medium) to 11.7 (alkaline medium) [Safronov V.N. Properties of cement compositions based on electrochemically activated mixing water. / V.N. Safronov, Yu.S. Sarkisov, E.I. Tsilimova et al. // Composite building materials. Theory and practice. Sat articles of the international scientific and practical. conf. - Penza: Publishing House of PDZ, 2010, - p.159-162]. The ionized water thus obtained was magnetically treated according to the invention and used to mix the peat mixture. Samples were made from the obtained peat-sand molding mixture.

The results of the operational properties of peat-wood composites using magnetized ionized mixing water obtained in a flow-type polymeric membrane activator-electrolyzer are shown in Table 5.

Table 5 Indicators Type of mixing water Tap Sour + magnetic activation Alkaline + magnetic activation Compressive strength, at 10% linear strain, MPa 0.54 1.8 1.9 Bending Strength, MPa 0.26 0.46 0.49 The average density, kg / m ³ 232 240 245 Water absorption,% 88 90.5 71.5 Thermal conductivity, W / m ° C (in a dry state) 0,047 0,048 0,048

An analysis of the data presented in table 4 and table 5 shows that the use of magnetized ionized water for mixing peat mixes based on both dispersed lowland and dispersed peat and dispersed peat mix in all cases leads to the achievement of the prototype values. Moreover, regardless of the type of raw materials used in the range of the content of the main components.

The technological method of using ionized water for mixing various mixtures has been known for a long time, it is especially widely used for mixing concrete mixtures (patent No. 2440959, application No. 93048855), and this also leads to an increase in the strength of the finished concrete mixture. The use of ionized water for mixing peat mixes is not previously known. Given the different chemical composition of peat depending on the group affiliation, it was possible to suggest an improvement in the characteristics of finished peat-wood products only for products based on low-lying peats in connection with the presence of a significant amount of mineral component in its composition. For high peat, in which organic substances and compounds predominate, the presence of such an effect from the use of ionized magnetized mixing water was a surprise and does not explicitly follow from the prior art.

Thus, the use for mixing peat mixtures of ionized water treated with a magnetic field is a promising technological technique for obtaining effective building materials. Including on the basis of low and high peat and including their mixtures, which leads to the rational use of peat raw materials and excludes binding to certain deposits, allowing the production of building materials in any region of the Russian Federation and abroad.

Claims (1)

Peat-and-wood molding mixture for the manufacture of heat-insulating and structural-heat-insulating products, containing peat dispersed in an aqueous medium as a binder, sawdust as a filler and mixing water treated for 20-60 with a magnetic field corresponding to a magnetic induction of 40 mT, characterized in that, as mixing water, it contains water subjected to preliminary ionization before it is treated with a magnetic field, and as a binder, it is dispersed in an aqueous medium minutes peat, or dispersed in an aqueous medium lowland peat or dispersed in an aqueous medium a mixture of low-moor peat and the following component ratio, wt.%:
water-dispersed peat 20.5-28.5 sawdust 61.0-73.0 mixing water 6.5-10.5
or:
water-dispersed lowland peat 20.5-28.5 sawdust 61.0-73.0 mixing water 6.5-10.5
or:
dispersed in an aqueous medium a mixture of lowland and peat moss 20.5-28.5 sawdust 61.0-73.0 mixing water 6.5-10.5