RU90090U1 - PEAT-WOOD HEAT-INSULATING PRODUCT - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Peat-wood heat-insulating product, the material of which is the product of hardening a molding mixture containing as a binder lowland peat in an amount of 20.5-28.5 wt.%, As a filler - sawdust in an amount of 61-73 wt.% With a water-hard ratio 2.0-2.4, characterized in that the moldable mixture includes water treated with a magnetic field. ! 2. Peat-wood thermal insulation product according to claim 1, characterized in that the water is treated with a magnetic field corresponding to a magnetic induction of 40 mT, for 20-60 s. ! 3. Peat-wood thermal insulation product according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a plate. ! 4. Peat-wood thermal insulation product according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a block. ! 5. Peat-wood thermal insulation product according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a shell.

Description

The utility model relates to construction, namely to the production of heat-insulating boards, blocks, shells, and can be used for thermal insulation of residential, public, agricultural buildings and industrial equipment.

Known peat plate, including unprocessed fiber peat (A. G. Komar "Building materials and products." - M .: Stroyizdat, 1983 - S. 397). A disadvantage of the known peat plate is its low strength.

Known peat plate made of a material that is a product of the hardening of the raw material mixture, including: a binder of fine peat - 45-50 wt.%, Aggregate - poorly decomposed peat - 30-35 wt.%, Water - the rest, and having a density after hardening - 495-545 kg / m, and the compressive strength of 0.35-0.45 MPa. Poorly decomposed peat plays a reinforcing role, and when water is added, tar is released, which envelops the aggregate particles. This achieves the strength of the product (RU 2181820, 7 EV 1/76 publ. 04/27/2002). The disadvantages include the high density of the peat plate and low strength. The disadvantage is that to obtain a raw mixture requires heating the water to + 90 ° C, which requires additional energy consumption, and the use of poorly decomposed peat leads to a decrease in the biological stability of products. Peat slabs made according to the method protected by patent are known (RU 2041185, С04В 38/00 08/09/1995). These plates are made of horse peat as a binder and wood sawdust as a filler. The disadvantage of such plates is that they have higher values of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of products and water absorption. In addition, their manufacture requires a complex (energy-intensive) technology for producing a binder.

The prior art construction products that are based on lowland peat. For example, plates, shells, blocks made of material protected by patents of the Russian Federation for inventions No. 2307813, 2273620.

Considering the significant reserves of lowland peat, its lack of demand in other sectors, as well as the presence of active functional groups that provide potential physicochemical modification, lowland peat has several advantages compared to high peat. It is characterized by a high content of minerals, is more moisture resistant, has better adhesion properties, has a greater uniformity of particle size distribution, a significant content of humic substances and a low acidity compared to high peat. A higher degree of decomposition inherent in low-lying peat, smaller fiber sizes than in high-level peat, make the process of grinding low-level peat less energy-intensive. Significant reserves of lowland peat, the presence in their composition of a larger number of active functional groups, the tendency to form organic-mineral complexes of various composition and structure during fine dispersion, the ability to various ion-exchange processes, provides its high reactivity and the ability to use it for the production of effective building materials.

The closest technical solution is the design of plates, blocks, shells made of material protected by the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2273620. These heat-insulating building products are the product of the hardening of the molding mixture, including as a binder lowland peat in the amount of mass% - 20.5-28.5; as filler - sawdust in the amount of 61-73% mass%, foaming additive - 3.5-6.5 mass%, water-repellent additive - 3.0-5.0 mass% and water - the rest (water-solid ratio - 2, 0-2.4).

The advantage of these products is water resistance and high thermal insulation properties (average density is 150-200 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity is 0.04-0.06 W / mK). The compressive strength is 1.55-1.92 MPa. To improve thermal insulation properties, a foaming additive is included in the material. To improve water resistance - foaming additive.

The objective of the utility model is to develop a simpler composition of the molding sand and to simplify the manufacturing technology of peat-wood heat-insulating building products without reducing the strength and thermal conductivity.

The technical result in solving the problem is low water absorption and thermal conductivity, while maintaining sufficient strength. This object is achieved in that the claimed peat-wood heat-insulating product is a product of hardening of the molding mixture, which, like the prototype, contains lowland peat in the amount of 20.5-28.5 wt% as a binder, and sawdust in the amount of 61- as a filler. 73 wt% with a water-solid ratio of 2.0-2.4. But unlike the prototype, the mold sand contains water treated with a magnetic field. Magnetic field induction is 40 mT. Water can be treated for 40-60 s. Peat-wood heat-insulating products can be made in the form of a plate, block or shell.

Studies have shown that the use of water treated with a magnetic field in a molding mixture allows for sufficient thermal conductivity, compressive strength of finished products and water resistance for heat-insulating building products. These indicators are close to those of the prototype. The experimental data confirm that when water is treated with a magnetic field of 40 mTl for 20-60 s, the thermal conductivity during compression of the finished products corresponds to the best performance of the prototype products (0.047-0.049 W / mK) without a significant increase in density (240-246 kg / m ³ ) . At the same time, the best indicators of water absorption by weight were obtained - 50-88%. The obtained values of the density and thermal conductivity indicators eliminate the need to use appropriate additives. In addition, the technology of manufacturing peat-wood heat-insulating building products is simplified in comparison with the prototype: the operations of preparing a foaming additive and mixing in several stages during the preparation of the molding mixture are excluded.

The choice of the ratio of the binder and aggregate components for the molding sand is determined by the technological properties of the mixture — formability, plastic strength, and also the properties of hardened products — strength, density, thermal conductivity and water absorption. Outside the specified intervals of the components included in the molding mixture, the technical result is not achieved, with a lower value of the binder, the completeness of filling of the filler is not achieved, and, consequently, the uniformity of the mixture, the rheological properties deteriorate, with a larger value of the binder, shrinkage increases during hardening of the products. The set of essential features characterizing the claimed utility model was not found among the known peat-wood heat-insulating products. This confirms the novelty of the claimed device.

The utility model is industrially applicable. It can be repeatedly used to achieve the specified technical result.

For the manufacture of plates, shells, blocks, the molding mixture is first prepared. The resulting mixture is placed in a pre-lubricated form by vibrocasting. After that, the product is redistributed and dried in an oven for 20 hours at a temperature of 105-110 ° C.

The manufacture of products from the proposed molding sand is shown in specific examples. Products were made from 24 compositions of the molding sand. (Data on the compositions are shown below in the table).

Products were prepared as follows.

Example 1. Low-level peat of medium decomposition was moistened to a moisture content of 80% and ground in a ball mill to a particle size of 2-5 microns. The resulting peat binder was mixed with mixing water pretreated with a magnetic field (magnetic induction 40 mT, processing time 20 sec, processing was carried out with standard devices) until a homogenized mass was obtained (the cohesive properties of the molding mixture are improved, the adhesion of the binder with wood particles increases) . The moldable mixture was mixed for 3 minutes. plates of 500 × 500 × 50 mm in size were formed from the mixture. The resulting mixture was placed in a pre-lubricated form by vibrocasting. After that, the product was redistributed (the choice of composition and technological modes of molding involves achieving stripping strength) and dried in an oven for 20 hours at a temperature of 105-110 ° C. The dried products were determined by their average density, strength at 10% linear deformation, water absorption and thermal conductivity by standard methods.

The average density of the samples was 240-243 kg / m ³ , the compressive strength was 1.78-1.85 MPa, the water absorption by weight was 87-88%, and the thermal conductivity was 0.047 W / mK.

Example 2. The method of preparation of products and determination of indicators is the same as in example 1. The time of magnetic treatment of water with a magnetic field of 40 mT is 40 sec.

The average density of the products was 240-242 kg / m ³ , the compressive strength was 1.7-1.8 MPa, the water absorption was 65-70%, and the thermal conductivity was 0.048 W / mK.

Example 3. The method of preparation of products and determination of indicators is the same as in example 1. The time of magnetic treatment of water with a magnetic field of 40 mT is 60 sec.

The average density of the products was 242-246 kg / m ³ , the compressive strength was 1.63-1.65 MPa, water absorption was 50-57%, and the thermal conductivity was 0.049 W / mK.

The proposed utility model was experimentally tested in laboratory conditions at the department "Production of building materials, products and structures" GOUVPO "TGASU", which confirmed its industrial applicability.

The experimental data for products made from 24 compositions of the molding sand are shown in the table.

Table. No pp The composition of the molding mixture, wt.% Magnetization time, water sec The compressive strength of products, (at 10% linear deformation), MPa The average density of products, kg / m ³ Water absorption% Heat conduction
st products, W / mK one 2 3 four 5 6 7 one Lowland peat - 28.5 twenty 1.82 243 88 0,047 Sawdust - 70.0 The rest is water 2 Lowland peat - 28.5 twenty 1.83 242 87 0,047 Sawdust - 61.0 The rest is water 3 Lowland peat - 24.5 twenty 1.82 240 88 0,047 Sawdust - 73.0 The rest is water four Lowland peat - 24.5 twenty 1.82 240 87 0,047 Sawdust - 66.0 The rest is water

one 2 3 four 5 6 7 5 Lowland peat - 24.5 twenty 1.82 240 87 0,047 Sawdust - 61.0  The rest is water 6 Lowland peat - 20.5 twenty 1.82 240 87 0,047 Sawdust - 73.0 The rest is water 7 Lowland peat - 20.5 twenty 1.79 240 88 0,047 Sawdust - 66.0 The rest is water 8 Lowland peat - 20.5 twenty 1.78 240 88 0,047 Sawdust - 61.0 The rest is water 9 Lowland peat - 28.5 40 1.8 242 65 0,048 Sawdust - 66.0 The rest is water 10 Lowland peat - 28.5 40 1.74 242 68 0,048 Sawdust - 61.0 The rest is water eleven Lowland peat - 24.5 40 1.72 241 65 0,048 Sawdust - 73.0 The rest is water 12 Lowland peat - 24.5 40 1.72 241 66 0,048 Sawdust - 66.0 The rest is water 13 Lowland peat - 24.5 40 1.73 241 68 0,048 Sawdust - 61.0 The rest is water fourteen Lowland peat - 20.5 40 1.71 240 70 0,048 Sawdust - 73.0 The rest is water fifteen Lowland peat - 20.5 40 1.70 240 70 0,048 Sawdust - 66.0 The rest is water 16 Lowland peat - 20.5 40 1.70 240 70 0,048 Sawdust - 61.0 The rest is water 17 Lowland peat - 28.5 60 1.65 246 fifty 0,049 Sawdust - 66.0 The rest is water eighteen Lowland peat - 28.5 60 1.65 246 fifty 0,049 Sawdust - 61.0 The rest is water 19 Lowland peat - 24.5 60 1,64 244 55 0,049 Sawdust - 73.0 The rest is water twenty Lowland peat - 24.5 60 1,64 244 55 0,049 Sawdust - 66.0 The rest is water

one 2 3 four 5 6 7 21 Lowland peat - 24.5 60 1,64 244 55 0,049 Sawdust - 61.0 The rest is water 22 Lowland peat - 20.5 60 1,63 242 57 0,049 Sawdust - 73.0 The rest is water 23 Lowland peat - 20.5 60 1,63 242 57 0,049 Sawdust - 66.0 The rest is water 24 Lowland peat - 20.5 60 1,63 242 57 0,049 Sawdust - 61.0 The rest is water

Claims (5)

1. Peat-wood heat-insulating product, the material of which is the product of hardening a molding mixture containing as a binder lowland peat in an amount of 20.5-28.5 wt.%, As a filler - sawdust in an amount of 61-73 wt.% With a water-hard ratio 2.0-2.4, characterized in that the moldable mixture includes water treated with a magnetic field. 2. Peat-wood thermal insulation product according to claim 1, characterized in that the water is treated with a magnetic field corresponding to a magnetic induction of 40 mT, for 20-60 s. 3. Peat-wood thermal insulation product according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a plate. 4. Peat-wood thermal insulation product according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a block. 5. Peat-wood thermal insulation product according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a shell.