RU2513739C1 - Ceramic mixture for making ceramic brick - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the industry of ceramic materials, primarily to compositions of mixtures for making brick. The ceramic mixture for making ceramic brick contains low-melting clay and aluminium-containing sludge from caustic etching with the following content of oxides, wt %: SiO₂ - 1.5-2; Al₂O₃ - 85-90; Fe₂O₃ - 2.5-3.0; CaO - 2-2.5; MgO - 1-1.5; R₂O - 0.8-1.5, with the following ratio of components, wt %: low-melting clay - 70-90; aluminium-containing sludge from caustic etching - 10-30.

EFFECT: high frost-resistance, compression strength and heat-resistance of articles.

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Description

The invention relates to the industry of ceramic materials, mainly to the composition of the masses for ceramic bricks.

Known ceramic mass for brick of the following composition, wt.%: Fusible clay 50-90, metallurgical slag 10-50 / Agafonova N.S. Optimization of the composition of ceramic masses according to the mechanical properties of bricks / N.S. Agafonova, V.Z. Abdrakhimov, E.S. Abdrakhimova, V.P. Dolgiy // University proceedings. Construction. - 2005. - No. 5. - S.53-58 / [1].

The disadvantage of this composition of the ceramic mass is the relatively low frost resistance.

Closest to the invention is a ceramic mass for the manufacture of bricks, which includes the following components, wt.%: Low-melting clay - 70-90, aluminum-alkaline sludge obtained by cleaning effluents from ethyl- and isopropylbenzene - 10-30 / Abdrakhimov V.Z. Patent RU No. 2388722, С044В 33/132. Ceramic mass for the manufacture of ceramic bricks. / V.Z. Abdrakhimov, E.S. Abdrakhimova. Published on May 10th, 2010. Bull. No. 13 / [2], adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantages of this composition of the ceramic mass are relatively low frost resistance, compressive strength and heat resistance.

The invention is an increase in frost resistance, compressive strength and heat resistance of a brick.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the quality of ceramic bricks.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the well-known ceramic mass, including low-melting clay, an aluminum-containing alkaline etching slurry is additionally introduced with the content of oxides,%: SiO ₂ - 1.5-2; Al ₂ O ₃ - 85-90; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 2.5-3.0; CaO - 2-2.5; MgO - 1-1.5; R ₂ O - 0.8-1.5, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

fusible clay 70-90 Alkaline sludge alkaline etching 10-30

In the proposed compositions, as an aluminum-containing raw material, instead of an aluminum-alkaline sludge obtained during the treatment of effluents from the production of ethyl and isopropylbenzene, an aluminum-containing sludge of alkaline etching is proposed.

Alkaline sludge of alkaline etching is a waste of the Samara Metallurgical Plant. The chemical composition of the basic oxides of aluminum-containing sludge of alkaline etching varies in the following ranges,%: SiO ₂ - 1.5-2; Al ₂ O ₃ - 85-90; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 2.5-3.0; CaO - 2-2.5; MgO - 1-1.5; R ₂ O - 0.8-1.5.

Most of the low-melting (brick-tiled) clays in Russia are classified as semi-acidic and acidic, non-sintering with a high content of coloring oxides and a low content of aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ = 10-14%). With such a low content of aluminum oxide in clay components, it is impossible to obtain brick of grades M150 and more from them. For the construction of load-bearing walls of the lower floors of buildings with high floors (15 floors or more), ceramic brick of the M150-M300 grades is required. The main reserve for obtaining high-quality ceramic bricks and stones are high-alumina waste. Such waste includes aluminum-containing sludge of alkaline etching with a high content of aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ - 85-90%), formed in metallurgical, aviation and other industries. By the method of formation, particle size and specific surface area, such sludge can be attributed to nanotechnogenic raw materials.

The increased content of aluminum oxides (Al ₂ O ₃ - 85-90%) in the aluminum-containing alkali sludge sludge will increase the frost resistance, compressive strength and heat resistance of the brick.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention

The ceramic mass was prepared in a plastic way at a humidity of 20-24%, from which the brick was molded, raw brick was dried to a moisture content of not more than 8% and then fired at a temperature of 1050 ° C. Table 1 shows the composition of ceramic masses, and in table 2 - physical and mechanical properties of bricks.

Table 1 The compositions of ceramic masses Components The content of components, wt.% one 2 3 four Fusible clay 90 85 80 70 Alkaline Alkali Etching Sludge 10 fifteen twenty thirty

table 2 Physicomechanical indicators of acid resistance Indicators Compositions Prototype one 2 3 four Frost resistance cycles 114 118 124 130 37-52 Mechanical compressive strength, MPa 22.5 23.8 26.2 28.8 14.4-17.8 Heat resistance, ° С 144 148 157 168 130-142

As can be seen from table 2, the bricks of the proposed compositions have higher rates of frost resistance, compressive strength and heat resistance than the prototype.

The resulting technical solution when using aluminum-containing sludge of alkaline etching can increase frost resistance and mechanical strength in compression of bricks.

The use of technogenic raw materials for brick production contributes to the utilization of industrial waste, environmental protection, the expansion of the raw material base for the production of ceramic materials.

Claims (1)

Ceramic mass for the manufacture of ceramic bricks, including fusible clay, characterized in that it further comprises an aluminum-containing alkaline etching slurry with an oxide content, wt. %: SiO ₂ - 1.5-2; Al ₂ O ₃ - 85-90; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 2.5-3.0; CaO - 2-2.5; MgO - 1-1.5; R ₂ O - 0.8-1.5, in the following ratio of components, wt. %:
fusible clay - 70-90;
aluminum-containing alkaline etching sludge - 10-30.