RU2502941C1 - Bullet structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: bullet shank portion assumes a streamlined form during flight. Bullet shank portion is made in the form of a helical conical compression spring. Spring is made from a light-weight steel strip of rectangular cross section. Spring receives the streamlined shank portion of the bullet during its flight due to elastic forces.

EFFECT: increasing bullet flight range.

6 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanics (ammunition of small arms) and can be used to develop new bullets of serial cartridges of small arms (pistols, carbines, machine guns, machine guns) with bullets that provide increased ballistic characteristics.

The creation of small arms cartridges including bullets having an optimal ballistic solution is one of the most promising and most rational directions for increasing the combat effectiveness of a small arms complex.

Known designs of ordinary bullets for live cartridges that do not have a streamlined tail end (A.I. Averin et al .; Edited by Yu.A. Naumenko - Initial military training, -M .: Education, 1985); Bullet to the 7.62 mm cartridge of the 1943 model (drawing No. 4-27024) of the KShZ, 1989; Bullet ST-M2 7.62 mm rifle cartridge (drawing. No. 4-27276), NZNVA, 1980

A disadvantage of known live ammunition is that the bullet does not have a streamlined tail. This leads to the formation of vortices at the tail during the flight of the bullet and, consequently, to an increase in friction (L. Eliot and W. Wilcox - Physics, Science - 1967 p. 133).

The closest in technical essence is the design of a shell bullet with a tail part, which takes a streamlined shape when flying, characterized by the use of a core with a streamlined rear part, which is pulled out of the shell when it is flying under the action of charge gases in the bullet head on the core (ed. No. 65319, 1941, CL 72d 15/02).

A disadvantage of the known bullet design is that the tail of the bullet is advanced after firing under the action of a small charge placed in the cavity of the head of the bullet, which is ignited after the explosion of gunpowder in the cartridge and thus, in the course of a complex set of reasons, leads to unpredictable operational properties: a change in trajectory persistence , flight range, somersault during flight, reduction of the breakdown and lethal action of a bullet, deterioration of accuracy of fire.

The aim of the invention is to improve ballistic characteristics, increase trail trajectory, range, penetration and lethal action of a bullet, improve the accuracy of fire in single and automatic fire, ease of manufacture, the possibility of use in serial production of cartridges.

This goal is achieved by constructing a bullet containing a head part, a shell and an expandable tail part of a streamlined shape, which is a metal spiral conical compression spring of rectangular cross section. A conical spring is made of light strip steel of variable rectangular cross section. A metal spiral conical spring, inserted into a nickel or some other shell of the bullet, is in the initial position in a compressed state, all of its turns concentrically enter into each other. The compressed state of the spring is fixed to the rod located along its diameter, using a special hook (hook), which is one piece together with a stabilizer and arranged at the end of the coil. At the same time, the hook grip is designed taking into account the free travel for separation and by turning 90 degrees along the spiral winding, which ensures reliable uncoupling. After the shot, under the influence of powder gases, the end of the spring will compress slightly and this will disconnect from the hook of the hook with a reverse rotation of 90 degrees relative to the fixing rod. When a bullet moves in the barrel, its tail part will be affected by powder gases under high pressure and preventing it from being unclenched. As a result of the gas pressure at the bottom of the bullet, it moves from its place and, rotating along the rifling of the barrel, advances to the exit with a continuously increasing speed. As the bullet exits the barrel and the pressure of the powder gases stops at the bottom, the flat conical spring located in the shell of the tail of the bullet is unclenched, while the coils pressed against each other form a rigid cone, which gives the bullet a streamlined shape, and the presence of a conical spiral winding border contributes to it rotational motion during flight. Winding the spiral when unclenching the spring is carried out according to the rule of the gimlet, taking into account the rotational movement of the bullet when exiting the barrel. A streamlined tail form occurs in a bullet only after a shot and departure from the barrel. The streamlined shape of the bullet and the stabilizer arranged at the tail of the spring reduce the formation of vortices, give straightness to the flight and, therefore, reduce friction to a minimum. Until that moment, the rear slice of the bullet has a convenient shape of the bottom cavity to absorb the pressure of the powder gases at the time of the shot and when moving in the barrel.

The elements used in the proposed design (bullet head, conical spring) are known in the art, however, in the proposed combination, their use is manifested as a new technical solution with other ballistic properties, giving the bullet a good aerodynamic shape, which determines the combat effectiveness of small arms. The implementation of this constructive solution allows to improve ballistic characteristics, increase trajectory flatness, flight range, bullet penetration and kill, improve fire accuracy in single and automatic fire.

To reduce the expansion friction of the conical spring, a layer of lubricant (for example, graphite) is provided on the body of its turns.

A bullet of a streamlined shape meets all the criteria for the invention.

The invention is illustrated by the drawings and consists in the following: the tail part of a screw conical compression spring of variable rectangular cross section is arranged in the shell of the bullet head part by pressing in, which is in the initial position in a compressed state and is fixed with a special hook to the rod. After the shot, powder gases press on the tail part of the spring, including through the liner pad, and it leaves the hook position. In this case, the spring is in a compressed state, and the bullet, rotating, moves along the barrel. To reduce the action of powder gases on the tail of the spring from the side of the shell of the bullet, its trailer is equipped with a fairing, which has a conical shape. After exiting the barrel, the conical spring opens and gives the pool a streamlined shape. In space, the bullet rotationally moves under the action of inertia forces, while the stabilizer, which is a strong metal wire rod, makes the flight straightforward, and prevents its torsion and tumbling.

Figure 1 presents the proposed device bullet cartridge in the context of a shot and figure 2 - its appearance after exiting the barrel of small arms. In the drawings, the number 1 denotes the shell of the bullet head, 2 - a metal screw conical compression spring with a variable rectangular cross-section, 3 - a hook (hook) for fixing the conical spring in a compressed state, 4 - a fixing rod, 5 - a stabilizer, 6 - a fairing, 7 - a pillow, 8 - a cartridge, 9 - a coil of spiral turns.

The bullet device works as follows. Powdered gases are pressed on a metal helical conical spring, which is in its initial compressed state, under the action of a shot through a pillow located at the tail end, with a force that overcomes the spring force of the spring, which is compressed. The tail of the spring is deepened into the body and at the same time leaves the locking position with rotation. Moving along the rifled bore of the barrel, which imparts rotational motion to the bullet, under the influence of powder gases, its tail is in a compressed position. As you exit the barrel, the conical spring opens and gives the pool a streamlined shape. In space, the bullet rotationally moves under the action of inertia forces, while the stabilizer gives straightness to the flight, prevents its torsion and somersault.

The practical implementation of the proposed bullet device is not in doubt, as it is based on the use of well-known materials, devices, and technical solutions. By analogy with the proposed bullet design, shells for guns can be arranged.

Claims (6)

1. The device is a bullet with a tail that takes in flight a streamlined shape, characterized in that a helical conical compression spring is used, made of lightweight strip steel of variable rectangular cross section, which takes a streamlined rear of the bullet during its flight due to elastic forces. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that for fixing the conical spring in the initial compressed state, it is equipped with a hook using a hook and a rod. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tail of the conical spring is equipped with a cushion transmitting the pressure of the powder gases, under the action of which it is compressed and leaves the coupling position. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the conical spring is provided with a fairing on the inside of the tail. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outer side of the tail end, the conical spring is equipped with a stabilizer. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that to maintain the rotational movement of the bullet when flying in space, the winding of the coils of the spiral when unclenching the spring is carried out according to the rule of the gimlet.

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