RU2498557C2 - Method of growing sugar beet with use of hydrogel in seed pelleting under conditions of dry steppe zone of republic of kalmykia - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture. In the method the sugar beet is grown under conditions of dry steppe zone of the Republic of Kalmykia with the use of hydrogel in seed pelleting. The method comprises pre-sowing tillage. After tillage the sowing, compacting the soil after sowing, harrowing of seedlings, irrigation after sowing is carried out. Irrigation is carried out with an irrigation rate of 3500-4000 m³/ha. At that the seeds are used which have germination of at least 80%, homogeneity of more than 96%, uniformity of at least 85%, purity of not less than 98%. For sowing the fractions of diameter 3.5-4.5 and 4.5-5.5 mm are taken. Sowing is carried out when the temperature reaches 7-8°C at a depth of 5-6 cm in the 1^st decade of April. Seeding depth of seeds is 3-4 cm, the seeding rate is 17-20 fruitlets on the 1^st row. The hydrogel is applied together with sowing, then the extra shoots are removed mechanically.

EFFECT: method enables to improve the yield and quality of sugar beet crops, sugar content, and also provides moisture conservation in the soil.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for growing sugar beet in irrigated agriculture. A known method of cultivating table beets in irrigated agriculture (RU 2357391, publication date 10.06.2009) including early spring loosening of the soil and leveling, adding 0-0.1 m of phosphorus and potassium to the topsoil, presowing irrigation and cultivation to a depth of 3-5 cm , sowing, rolling soil before and after sowing, harrowing seedlings, irrigation during the growing season, bunching, protecting plants from agricultural pests and diseases, row cultivation and top dressing, while to obtain a yield of 40, 60, 80 and 100 t / ha nitrogen and trace elements: molybdenum, OR, cobalt, copper and zinc are added fractionally with irrigation water in the phase of full germination, in the phases of two, five and seven true leaves and in the phase of technical ripeness in fractions of 20-22.5%, 30-32.5%, 35-37, respectively 5% and 7.5-15%; molybdenum - 0.5; 0.8; 1.1 and 1.4 kg / ha in these phases in fractions of 20-40%, respectively; 12-17%; 23-28%; and 15-45%; boron - with the norms of 0.9; 1.3; 1.7; 2.1 kg / ha vukazannyh phases fractions 40-50%, 15-20%, 23-42%, 3-7%; cobalt - by the norms of 0.35; 0.70; 1.05 and 1.40 kg / ha in the indicated phases in fractions of 30-40%, 10-15%, 23-30%, 15-37%, copper - by the norms of 0.6; 1,2; 1.8 and 2.4 kg / ha, in proportions of 15-17%, 30-42%, 15-17%), 24-40%, zinc - norms of 1.5; 1.8; 2.1 and 2.4 kg / ha in these phases, milking 8-12%, 16-22%, 30-42%, 24-46%, while irrigation is carried out by the irrigation norm of 3500-4200 m ³ / ha, in phases of two, five and seven true leaves, irrigation is carried out by irrigation norms of 700-900 m ³ / ha, in the phase of root formation, by irrigation norm of 1200-1900 m ³ / ha, in the phase of technical ripeness of the fruit - by norm of 1400-1600 m ³ / ha. We have taken this method as the closest prototype. This method is taken as a prototype as closely suited to the claimed invention.

The disadvantages of the method in relation to the problem we are solving are the lack of moisture, low productivity, limited shelf life of root crops, poor quality of root crops.

Disclosure of invention

The problem to be solved by the invention is aimed at increasing the yield of sugar beets, obtaining sugar, increasing the sugar content in sugar beets, and saving moisture.

The problem is solved using this method

A method of growing sugar beets includes a number of operations. Seeds with a germination rate of at least 80% should be used. Homogeneity is higher than 96%, uniformity is not less than 85%, purity not lower than 98%. For sowing take fractions with a diameter of 3.5-4.5 and 4.5-5.5 mm.

Sowing dates

Sown when the temperature at a depth of 5-6 cm reaches 7-8 ° C.

Republic of Kalmykia - 1st decade of April.

Seeding depth of 3-4 cm. Sowing machine speed must not exceed 4-4.5 km / h. With an increase in the speed of movement, the distribution of seeds in depth and along the rows worsens, the seeding rate decreases, seeds and hydrogel are laid in a loose soil layer, as a result of seedlings they are uneven and sparse. After soil preparation is carried out sowing, soil packing after sowing, harrowing seedlings, irrigation. Watering is carried out by the irrigation norm of 3500-4000 m ³ / ha. Seeding 1 m row sowed 17-20 fruitlets and then extra shoots removed mechanically. Hydrogel is introduced along with inoculation.

Using the method will improve the yield and quality of sugar beet root crops and increase the sugar content, as well as ensure the conservation of moisture in the soil is a task we will work on to solve. In our specific experience, we were convinced of the effectiveness of the use of hydrogel, and in the case of annual use of the hydrogel, the dosage should be reduced until a certain balance is reached, but everyone must find this balance for himself.

The implementation of the invention

A method of growing sugar beets includes a number of operations. Seeds with a germination rate of at least 80% should be used. Homogeneity is higher than 96%, uniformity is not less than 85%, purity not lower than 98%. For sowing take fractions with a diameter of 3.5-4.5 and 4.5-5.5 mm.

Sowing dates

Sown when the temperature at a depth of 5-6 cm reaches 7-8 ° C.

Republic of Kalmykia - 1st decade of April.

Seeding depth of 3-4 cm. Sowing machine speed must not exceed 4-4.5 km / h. With an increase in the speed of movement, the distribution of seeds in depth and along the rows worsens, the seeding rate decreases, seeds and hydrogel are laid in a loose soil layer, as a result of seedlings they are uneven and sparse. After soil preparation is carried out sowing, soil nrikatyvaniya after sowing, harrowing seedlings, irrigation after seeding. Watering is carried out by the irrigation norm of 3500-4000 m ³ / ha. Seeding 1 m row sowed 17-20 fruitlets and then extra shoots removed mechanically. Hydrogel is introduced along with inoculation. Using the method will improve the yield and quality of sugar beet root crops and increase the sugar content, as well as ensure the conservation of moisture in the soil is a task we will work on to solve.

Claims (1)

A method of growing sugar beets using a hydrogel during seed pelleting in the dry steppe zone of the Republic of Kalmykia, including pre-sowing cultivation of the soil, after preparing the soil, sowing, rolling in the soil after sowing, harrowing seedlings, irrigation after sowing, irrigation is carried out by the irrigation norm of 3500-4000 m ³ / ha, characterized in that they use seeds having a germination rate of not less than 80%, uniformity above 96%, uniformity not less than 85%, purity not less than 98%, for sowing take fractions with a diameter of 3.5-4.5 and 4.5- 5.5 mm, seeded, to Yes, the temperature at a depth of 5-6 cm will reach 7-8 ° C in the 1st decade of April, the depth of seed placement is 3-4 cm, the seeding rate: 17-20 fruitlets are sown on the 1st row, the hydrogel is introduced with the sowing, then the excess seedlings are removed mechanically.