RU2497867C1 - Substrate for planting seedlings of fruit crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. The substrate consists of a mineral base - clay deposits of natural raw material in form of Eredvi clay containing more than 10% potassium and 3.5% phosphorus. The nitrogen compounds used are the top 0-15 cm layer of soil extracted after growing legume crops in amount of 8-10%. 0.3-0.5% aqueous potassium iodide solution is further added to the substrate.

EFFECT: method increases survival rate of the seedlings.

2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to substrates, mainly for fruit crops.

A well-known substrate, which is formed on the basis of the waste of housing and communal services, adding fertilizers (Patent No. 2050109 from 12.20.1996, IPC A01G 1/00)

However, such a composition is costly, since peat, sand, ash and other elements are additionally introduced into it when planting trees.

A substrate is also known, which is created by mixing the components: peat, perlite and sediment from urban wastewater (Patent No. 2368127 of 09/27/2009, IPC A01G 1/00).

Known substrate is also highly costly by adding a number of components.

The closest technical solution is a substrate consisting of clay deposits as a mineral base with the addition of a small amount (0.06-1%) of ammonium nitrate (Patent No. 2120738 dated 10.27.1998, IPC A01G 31/00).

The disadvantage of the prototype substrate is that clay deposits contain a small amount of potassium (2.09%) and phosphorus (0.05%), which is very important for fruit crops in the first days of survival. In addition, the clay deposits used are located at a considerable distance from the place of growing seedlings, which increases the cost of delivery and implementation of a technical solution.

The technical result is a reduction in the cost of obtaining a substrate.

The technical solution of the claimed object is that Eredvit clay deposits containing potassium more than 10% and 3.5% phosphorus are used for seedlings of horticultural crops, and the upper 0-15 cm layer of soil extracted after the cultivation of leguminous crops is used as nitrogen compounds the amount of 8-10% and in addition to it, 0.3-0.5% aqueous solution of potassium iodide is introduced.

The method is as follows. The clay deposits of Eredvit, located in the highlands of South Ossetia at an altitude of 1000 m above sea level, contain the elements shown in Table 1.

Table 1. The content of chemicals in clay deposits (%) Chemical element Eredvit (South Ossetia, 1000 m above sea level) Clay deposits (North Ossetia, 880 m above sea level) Si (silicon) 54.62 52.64 Fe (iron) 0.62 4.27 Ca (calcium) 2.00 3.05 Mn (Manganese) 0.28 1.71 K (potassium) 10.28 2.09 Na (sodium) 1,2 1,1 P (phosphorus) 3,5 0.05 S (sulfur) 0.98 1.18 Cu (copper) 0.12 0.01 Zn (zinc) 0.62 0.007 The reaction of the medium (pH) 8.1 3.8

In comparison with the known substrate, Eredvit contains 10.28% potassium and 3.5% phosphorus, which is significantly more than in the prototype.

In addition, the acidity of the known substrate is high (pH 3.8), and the proposed Eredvita is slightly alkaline (pH 8.1).

Adding soil from the crops of leguminous crops to clay deposits, we saturate the substrate not only with biological nitrogen, fixed by nodule bacteria, common in the Caucasus crops of beans, peas, chickpeas and other legumes, but also with substances and bioorganisms located in the upper layer of cultivated crops.

The justification of the selected soil parameters (8-10% of the substrate volume) is explained by the amount of biological nitrogen and microorganisms of the upper fertile layer required for seedlings. An additional 0.3-0.5% aqueous solution of potassium iodide is additionally introduced into the soil extracted from the crops of leguminous crops, thereby moistening the substrate.

Iodine compounds in rocks, including Eredvit, are in small quantities. Lack of iodine slows down the metabolism, which is very important during the survival of seedlings. In the initial period of growth and development of fruit crops, iodine increases the content of free and reduces the amount of bound water. Iodine has a positive effect on nitrogen metabolism and the water regime of seedlings, affecting phytosynthetic activity. Iodine enhances the reaction rate, positively affects the metabolism of mobile carbohydrates. The value of such an additive is explained by the high synergism of iodine and potassium contained in Eredvit, which is very important for the survival of seedlings. At the beginning of growth, iodine has a positive effect on respiratory gas exchange. Excess iodine (more than 0.5%) negatively affects the metabolism. Mixing with Eredvit clay and soil taken on leguminous crops, iodine gradually enters the seedlings planted in the substrate in the required quantities.

The justification of the selected parameters for the depth of soil sampling (0-15 cm) is explained by the maximum accumulation of nitrogen-fixing nodules of leguminous crops in this layer.

Example 1. For the test used seedlings of apple trees. The control options were substrates on the soil. We dug a hole with a depth of 30-50 cm, in which a substrate was placed at the rate of 2 kg of clay deposits of Eredvit with the addition of 200 g of soil, taken on a plot of grown beans. The substrate was moistened with an aqueous solution of iodine at the rate of 3.0 g per 1 liter of water.

Example 2. Pear seedlings were planted in holes 40-50 cm deep, in which a mixture of Eredvit clay deposits in the amount of 2.5 kg and 200 g of soil from pea crops was placed. The substrate was moistened with an iodine aqueous solution at the rate of 5.0 g per 1 liter of water.

The results of the experiments are summarized in table 2.

table 2

Experience Options Rooting of seedlings,% The number of days of rooting,% The incidence of seedlings,% one 2 3 four Soil (control) 49 42 36,4 A mixture of clay Eredvit + soil 58 39 24.6 Clay Eredvit + soil from bean crops 8% 67 37 22.5 one 2 3 four Clay Eredvit + soil from pea crops 10% 72 36 28,2 Soil from bean crops + iodine aqueous solution 0.3% 65 38 18.2 Soil from bean crops + iodine aqueous solution 0.5% 66 38 17.6 Eredvit + iodine water solution 75 34 15,2 Eredvit + 15-20% of soil from bean crops 76 36 16.6 Proposed 88 32 12.3 Eredvit + soil + 0.6-0.8% aqueous solution of iodine 72 36 12.5

The method allows to simplify the technical solution due to natural sources of raw materials and biological nitrogen of air from crops of leguminous crops, to increase the rooting of seedlings.

Claims (1)

The substrate for planting seedlings of fruit crops, consisting of a mineral base - clay deposits of natural raw materials, characterized in that clay Eredvit containing potassium more than 10% and phosphorus 3.5% is used as clay deposits, and the upper 0- A 15 cm layer of soil extracted after growing legumes in an amount of 8-10% and an additional 0.3-0.5% aqueous solution of potassium iodide is added.