RU2568131C1 - Substrate "beculite" for growing grain crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: substrate "Beculite" for growing grain crops comprises the use of the mineral base as zeolite-containing clay dialbeculite, into which the 0.1% aqueous solution of potassium iodide is added and soil to 20 cm layer of perennial grasses of the second year of life in the following ratio, wt %: potassium iodide of 0.1% aqueous solution 8-10, soil - 10-15, clay dialbeculite - the rest.

EFFECT: invention enables to improve efficiency of the substrate used with grain crops.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and is intended for growing plants in greenhouses.

A known substrate containing clay deposits as a mineral base, to which ammonium nitrate is additionally introduced (patent 2120738, published October 27, 1998, IPC A01G 31/00).

In the well-known substrate, the reaction of the medium is acidic (pH - 3.8), insufficient amount of calcium (3.05%), which does not provide high survival rate of plants and strengthening of the root system.

A substrate is also known in which mordenite-containing tuff is saturated with sodium hydroselenite for 18-20 hours (patent No. 2333183 dated 09/10/2008, IPC С05D 9/02).

In the known substrate there are some elements necessary for activating the growth and development of plants (nitrogen, iodine, cobalt, etc.) at the beginning of ontogenesis.

Also known is a substrate containing natural zeolite saturated with a solution of sodium selenite supplemented with lowland peat (patent No. 2422413 dated 06/27/2011, IPC C05D 9/02, C05F 11/02).

However, the known substrate is prepared for a sufficiently long time (14-16 hours), which reduces its effectiveness.

The closest technical solution is a substrate in which the Alanite zeolite-containing clay is used, which includes calcium in the range of 30-33% (patent No. 2294094 dated 02.27.2007, IPC A01G 31/00).

The disadvantage of the prototype substrate is that in its composition there is no trace element iodine important for plants. It also lacks the nitrogen necessary for the development of plants at the beginning of ontogenesis.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the substrate used on cereal crops, the expansion of the range.

The technical solution of the claimed object lies in the fact that zeolite-containing clay dialbekulite is used as a mineral base, into which 0.1% aqueous solution of potassium iodide and soil from 0-20 cm layer of perennial leguminous herbs of the second year of life are introduced in the following ratio (wt.% ): potassium iodide 0.1% aqueous solution 8-19; soil from up to 20 cm layer of perennial leguminous herbs 10-15, clay dialbekulit - the rest.

Clay dialbekulite (place of origin: floodplain of the Terek river, tributary of the Ursdon, Digorsky district, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) contains silicon (46.5%), iron (7.1%), potassium (1.1%), calcium (37% ), cobalt (0.1%), zinc (1.1%), nickel (1.7%), phosphorus (1.7%). The reaction is alkaline.

By adding dialbekulite to the zeolite-containing clay, soil taken in a 0-20 cm layer of the 2nd year of the life of leguminous herbs (alfalfa, sainfoin, clover, clover, sweet clover, etc.), the substrate is enriched with nitrogen-fixing nodules, microorganisms of the upper soil layer - the pedosphere. The solution of potassium iodide supplemented to the substrate activates the vital activity of nodule nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

The soil selected for the substrate from legumes of the 2nd year of life contains more biological nitrogen than that selected from the same herbs of the 1st year of life (about 2-3 times).

The justification of the selected parameters of 10-15% of the soil from the root habitat layer of perennial grasses is explained by the required amount of biological nitrogen for cereals (wheat, barley, corn, oats, mogar, chumiza, paiza and others).

Dialbekulit can be used both in greenhouses and in open ground on acidic soils, since the reaction of the medium is alkaline (pH - 9.1).

There is no nitrogen in the mineral base of dialbekulite, therefore, the addition of soil from the rhizosphere of perennial grasses provides the replenishment of the substrate with the necessary elements in the initial period of development of cereal plants.

Unlike the prototype, the proposed substrate is enriched with iodine. Iodine, unlike other trace elements, actively spreads through the soil pores, quickly penetrates the seed, affecting the vital processes of plants. It has a positive effect on the metabolism in plants, accelerating the germination of seeds. Iodine, participating in nitrogen metabolism, in the processes of photosynthesis, respiration, carbohydrate metabolism, water regimen, affects the growth, development and productivity of plants. Under the influence of iodine, the height of plants, the length of the roots, the amount of biomass of the aboveground organs and the root system increase, and pollen germination is activated.

The justification of the selected parameters of iodine (0.1%) is explained by the necessary amount of it for the activation of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms introduced with the soil to dialbekulite in an aqueous solution of potassium iodide.

Example 1: For the test, cultures were studied: winter barley, corn, moghar, chumizu. Soil was used as a control. Experimental options: 1) dialkekulit; 2) dialbeculite + pedosphere 0-20 cm layer of perennial herbs (alfalfa); 3) dialbekulitis + potassium iodide; 4) the proposed option: dialbeculite + soil up to 20 cm layer from crops of perennial grasses 2 years of life (alfalfa) + potassium iodide 0.1% aqueous solution. Dialbeculite was crushed in an amount of 75-82 kg (75-82%). Add the soil selected from the crops of perennial herbs, 10-15% or 10-15 kg and 8-10 l of an aqueous solution (0.1%) of potassium iodide (at the rate of 10 mg per 10 l of water). The substrate was mixed, placed and planted cereal crops (seeds).

Example 2. The ratio of the ingredients of the composition was mixed, as in the first example. Dialbeculite clay was supplemented with soil taken from 0-20 cm of clover legume of the 2nd year of life. Experienced cereal crops mogar, chumizu, paizu.

In the absence of crops of perennial grasses, soil can be selected from the natural phytocenosis in which leguminous grasses grow. The results of the experiments are summarized in table.

Therefore, using natural sources of raw materials: zeolite-containing clays and a small amount of soil in up to 20 cm layer of perennial leguminous herbs with the addition of potassium iodide, it is possible to increase seed germination, expand the range of the substrate, and reduce costs through the use of natural raw materials.

Claims (1)

The substrate “Bekulit” for growing cereals, including the use of zeolite-containing clay dialbekulite as a mineral base, into which 0.1% aqueous solution of potassium iodide and soil are added to 20 cm of a layer of perennial herbs of the second year of life in the following ratio, wt.%: Iodine potassium of a 0.1% aqueous solution of 8-10, soil - 10-15, clay dialbekulit - the rest.