RU2494820C2 - Seed separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural production, particularly, to mechanisation of post-processing of whatever seed in compliance with their elasticity. Proposed device comprises bin with proportioners and seed slotted distributors arranged at working sections of reflection surface, intake chambers with separation baffles and adjustment deflecting shutters mounted at top edges of the latter. Reflection surface is composed of flexible endless belt tensioned around at least two cylindrical parallel revolving pulleys. One of the latter is coupled with drive to make a driving pulley. Axes of said pulleys and horizontal sections of reflection belt are deflected from horizontal through the angle varying from 20 to 35 degrees. Proposed device can feed material to be separated on belt sections deflected from horizontal. Cleaners removing stuck particles from reflection surface are located outside of material feed area.

EFFECT: higher quality of separation and device efficiency, simplified design smaller sizes.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The proposed device relates to agricultural production, in particular to the mechanization of post-harvest processing of seeds of grain, oilseeds, industrial and other crops by elastic properties. It can be used in other sectors of the national economy, in the separation of spherical objects, for example, shots, granules, pellets and more.

Known technical solutions that serve the same purposes. For example, “A device for sorting bodies of revolution by degree of elasticity” according to AC SU No. 887038, class. B07C 5/34 Bull. No. 45, dated December 7, 1981. and "Device for the separation of seeds" AS No. 1710148 A1, class. BB07 13/00 Bull. No. 5, dated 07/02/92. In these devices, the cleaning of reflective surfaces is either not provided or is carried out periodically, which leads to disruption of the particle separation process. In the device according to patent RU No. 2238804 C1, class. 7 V07V 13/00 Bull. No. 30, dated October 27, 2004, to stabilize the process of particle reflection, the principle of replacing reflective plates, which must be periodically cleaned of the dust-oil layer formed, for example, during the separation of oilseeds such as rapeseed, mustard, colza and others, is also used.

Also known devices with continuous cleaning of reflective surfaces made in the form of a disk or a conical ring, for example, "device ..." according to AC SU No. 1819689 A1, class. BB07 13/00 Bull. No. 21, dated 07.06.93, which the applicant accepted as a prototype. Its disadvantages are that to change the performance, for example, in the direction of increase, it is necessary to increase the length of the reflective ring. At the same time, the removal of reflected fractions from round and ring receivers is complicated, the horizontal dimensions are increased, the design of the device is complicated, the replacement of all the main elements of the separator is required.

The proposed device has advantages.

The aim of the proposed technical solution is to simplify the design, increase device performance and reduce specific dimensions.

This goal is achieved by the fact that a flexible double-sided endless tape made, for example, of steel, rubber, plastic, plastic or other composite materials is used as a reflective surface. The tape is placed with tension on at least two cylindrical parallel rotating pulleys, and separated material is fed to the working sections of this tape. In this case, one of the pulleys is connected to the drive and is the leading one. Cleaning devices that remove adhering particles from the reflective surfaces of the tape are located outside the feed zone of the material to be separated. The axis of the pulleys, therefore, and the surfaces of the working sections of the flexible reflective tape are deflected from the horizontal by an angle α from 20 to 35 degrees. The grain flow reflected from the work sites is divided into near and far fractions, which are diverted to separate receivers.

Figure 1 shows a schematic cross section of the proposed device, figure 2 is a view of the same device on the left along AA, figure 3 is a variant of the device, where the reflective endless tape forms four working sections in planes deviated from the vertical by an angle α.

The main elements of the proposed device are: a seed hopper 1 with dispensers 2, a forming hopper 3 with rectangular slotted holes 4, a flexible endless belt 5 placed on two or more rotating pulleys 6 of which at least one is leading, for example, in FIG. 2 and 3, the leading pulley is 7, which is rotationally driven by a drive mechanism 13. To receive the reflected seeds, chambers 8 and 9 are used, separated by partitions, on the upper sections of which are installed deflecting deflecting dampers 10.

From the chamber 8, the near-reflected seed flow is gravity diverted to the receiver 11, and the distant flow is diverted to the receiver 12. The adhering particles on both sides of the reflective tape are removed by a cleaning mechanism 14, driven, for example, by the same mechanism 13. To prevent arbitrary vibrations a slide 15 is installed under the working sections of the reflective tape. The pulley diameters can be increased to sizes equal to the distance between the horizontal segments of the paths of movement of the reflective tape, as shown about 3 - a pulley 16.

During operation of the device, the seed material from the hopper 1 is fed by the dispenser 2 into the forming hopper 3 and, passing through the slotted holes 4, falls onto the upper rectilinear surfaces of the endless reflective tape 5. Reflected from the tape, the grain flow is distributed in width depending on the elastic properties of the material being separated and enters the receiving chamber 8 - the near flow, and into the chamber 9 - the far flow. The quantitative ratio of the far and near flows is regulated by shutters 10 installed on the partitions between the chambers 8 and 9. Next, the grain flows enter the fractions 11 and 12 receivers, which, as they are filled, are replaced or remain in place as stationary containers.

The working surfaces of the reflective tape are inevitably contaminated with dust or other particles, and when separating, for example, oilseeds, such as rapeseed, mustard and others, a dust-free film appears on its surface, the separation process is disturbed.

The removal of the contaminant layer from the working surfaces of the tape is carried out during its longitudinal movement using the drive mechanism 13 and driving pulleys 7. The upper and lower sides of the tape are cleaned by cleaning mechanisms 14 outside the feed zone of the separated material.

The condition of the outer and inner surfaces of the tape must be identical, and the material of the reflective tape is selected depending on the properties of the separated product, such as density, aspect ratio, elasticity and others. For example, steel tape is suitable for rape and mustard separation, rubber is more effective for peas, vetch, pepper (peas), metal shot, and plastic for clover and poppy seeds.

The speed of movement of the reflective tape is selected depending on the operating conditions. For example, in continuous mode, the belt speed can be from 0.003 to 0.005 m / s. In cyclic mode - with periodic activation of the cleaning and drive mechanisms - the speed of the tape is increased, for example, to 2-3 m / s. In both cases, the necessary purity of the reflective surfaces of the tape is maintained, the stability of the process of separation of seeds is achieved, the quality indicators of the fractions are increased, and productivity is increased. The device can work offline.

Claims (2)

1. A device for separating seeds, including a hopper with dispensers and slotted seed distributors installed above the working sections of the reflective surface, receiving chambers with dividing walls, on the upper edges of which are mounted deflecting deflectors, characterized in that the reflective surface is made in the form of a flexible endless tape placed with tension on at least two cylindrical parallel rotating pulleys, one of which is connected to the drive mechanism and is a main axis, and the axis of the pulleys and the plane of the horizontal sections of the reflective tape are deviated from the horizontal by an angle α in the range from 20 to 35 °. 2. The device for separating seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that the cleaning device that removes adhering particles from the reflective surface is located outside the feed zone of the separated material.

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