RU2513941C1 - Loose material separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: proposed separator comprises loading tray with grooved feed roller arranged at its outlet, it grooves being arranged around and long roller rotational axis, scraper located under the roller, deflector plate and separated product intake arranged thereunder. Said deflector is arranged under feed roller and composed of endless chain arranged at an angle to horizontal. Separated product intake is composed of rectangular box accommodating two separation plates located along the particle deflection path and in symmetry therewith. Separation baffles arranged across the particle deflection path are mounted between said separation plates. Spacing between separation plates increases as their distance from endless chain increases. Spacing between separation plates decreases as their distance from endless chain increases. Top edges of separation plates and separation baffles are made of resilient material.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of separation.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to techniques for separating bulk materials by elasticity and can be used in agriculture when cleaning seeds of grain crops from difficult to separate impurities.

Known devices for separating bulk materials by elastic properties, containing a feeder-batcher for piece feed, a reflective plate with an angle of 22 ° 30 'and receivers of separation products [Zayka PM, Maznev G.E. Separation of seeds by a set of physical and mechanical properties. - M .: Kolos, 1978, p. 83-88].

The main disadvantage of the known devices is the low efficiency of the process of separation of bulk materials due to the deviation of the longitudinal axis of the particles of the bulk material from the path of their movement by a certain angle, as a result of which the distance that particles with the same elastic properties fly after bouncing from the reflective plate varies widely, as well as low productivity, due to the need for piecewise supply of the separated material to the reflective plate.

A known separator, including a loading hopper, under which there is a reflective plate and a receiver of separation products with partitions. Partitions in the receiver are located along the flight path of the particles after reflection and symmetrically relative to the place of material supply to the reflective plate, the distance between the partitions increases with distance from the reflective plate (SU No. 1722623 A1, B07B 13/00, 03/20/1992).

A disadvantage of the known separator is the low separation efficiency due to the collision of the flow of particles moving towards the reflective plate with the flow of particles reflected from the reflective plate.

Closest to the claimed technical solution for the function and the effect achieved is a separator for separating bulk materials, including a feed hopper, at the outlet of which there is a grooved feed roller, the grooves of which are located around and along the axis of rotation of the roller. Above the roller there is a scraper mounted on the front wall of the loading hopper, the ramp is made straight inclined with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination and is fixed on the rear wall of the loading hopper. A perforated guide plate is mounted to the bottom of the ramp plate, mounted with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination. Under the perforated guide plate there is a reflective plate with an inclination angle of 70-85 °, below which there are receivers of separation products (RU No. 2399436 C1, B07B 13/00, 09/20/2010).

A disadvantage of the known device for the separation of bulk materials is the low separation efficiency, since at the stage of collecting the separated particles, secondary mixing of particles with a rebound angle inevitably occurs.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of separation of bulk materials by elastic properties and to reduce the injuries of the seeds of the kernels.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known separator for separating bulk materials containing a loading hopper, at the exit of which a grooved feed roller is installed, the grooves of which are located around and along the axis of rotation, a scraper is located above the roller, a reflective element, under which the product receivers are located of separation, according to the invention, the reflective element is located under the feed roller and is made in the form of a moving endless tape located at an angle to the horizontal, The separation product bin is made in the form of a rectangular box in which two separation plates are installed, located along the particle reflection path and symmetrically to this trajectory, separation baffles are installed between the separation plates, located across the particle reflection path, and the distance between the separation plates increases with distance from moving endless belt, and the distance between the dividing walls decreases with distance from the moving finite belt, the upper edge of the dividing plates and partitions are made of elastic material.

Distinctive features of the claimed device are a new form of structural elements, namely, the implementation of the reflective element in the form of a moving endless tape located at an angle to the horizontal, as well as the implementation of the receivers of separation products in the form of a rectangular box in which separation plates and partitions are installed along and across the path of reflection of particles from a moving endless ribbon.

The implementation of the reflective element under the feed roller in the form of a moving endless tape at an angle to the horizontal provides a dashed isolated movement of particles after reflection, reduces the trauma of the seed kernel, stabilizes the kinematic characteristics of the movement of particles, and thereby increases the efficiency of the separator for separating bulk materials. Since the reflective element is in motion and at an angle, the particles do not touch each other at the moment of impact on the tape and, when reflected from it, particles are separated by shape, size, density, elastic and aerodynamic properties. In shock separation, the angle of reflection from a moving endless belt is equal to the angle of incidence for ideal homogeneous particles and deviates from this equality for particles of any other shape or heterogeneous.

The implementation of the separation elements in the form of plates that act as cut-offs along the particle reflection path and symmetrically with respect to the feed point to the moving endless belt makes it possible to separate homogeneous particles between the plates, and inhomogeneous particles on both sides of the separation walls. This embodiment of the receiver of separation products makes it possible to reduce the impact on the separation process of the inhomogeneity of the elastic properties of the particles and the coefficient of instantaneous friction upon impact, which leads to an increase in the quality of separation of the grain mixture. The implementation of the upper edges of the plates and partitions of elastic material reduces the injuries of the grains.

Thus, the distinguishing features of the claimed device in combination with the known features give the achievement of the above technical result. Comparison of the inventive separator for the separation of bulk materials with the prototype made it possible to establish compliance with the criterion of "novelty." The claimed invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability", as it can be used in agriculture.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a cross section of a separator, and figure 2 is a view "A" of figure 1, figure 3 is a top view.

The separator for separating bulk materials contains a feed hopper 1 with a front wall 2, to the bottom of which a scraper 3 is attached. At the exit of the feed hopper 1 there is a grooved feed roller 4, grooves 5 of which are located around and along the axis of rotation of the feed roller 4. The scraper 3 is installed above the roller 4, at which an endless moving belt 6 with a leading 7 and a driven 8 reels is installed at an angle to the horizontal. Below under the tape 6 there is a receiver 9 of separation products, made in the form of a rectangular box. In the receiver 9 of separation products, two separation plates 10 are installed, located along the particle reflection path and symmetrically to this trajectory, interconnected by means of a bolt connection 11. Between the separation plates 10, separation partitions 12 are installed, located across the particle reflection path, interconnected by bolted connection 13. The distance between the separation plates 10 increases with distance from the moving endless belt 6. The distance between 12-inflammatory baffles decreases with increasing distance from the strip 6. The upper edge of the partition plates 10 and partitions 12 made of an elastic material. Dividing plates 10 and partitions 12 are installed with the possibility of adjusting the distance between them.

The inventive separator for the separation of bulk materials operates as follows.

The source bulk material randomly enters the feed hopper 1, from which it enters a rotating feed roller 4, where the particles of material are stacked in one layer with its longitudinal axis along the grooves 5, and the scraper 3 at the outlet removes excess bulk material. After passing through the scraper 3, particles of bulk material under gravity exit the grooves 5 of the feed roller 4 and fall along a vertical path with the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the particles perpendicular to the path of incidence onto the plane of the moving endless belt 6, reflected from it and, depending on the elasticity, enter the product receivers separation 9. Homogeneous particles fall between the separation plates 10, and heterogeneous particles - on both sides of the separation plates, and between the separation walls 12 particles that are homogeneous in elastic properties.

The use of the claimed invention allows to increase the efficiency of the separation process by 1.5-2 times and reduce trauma to the germ of the kernels by 2-2.5 times.

Claims (2)

1. A separator for separating bulk materials containing a feed hopper, at the outlet of which a grooved feed roller is installed, the grooves of which are located around and along the axis of rotation of the roller, a scraper located above the roller, a reflective element, under which the receiver of separation products is located, characterized in that the reflective element is located under the feed roller and is made in the form of a moving endless tape located at an angle to the horizontal, the receiver of the separation products is made in the form of a rectangular about the box, in which two separation plates are installed, located along the particle reflection path and symmetrically to this path, separation walls are installed between the separation plates, located across the particle reflection path, while the distance between the separation plates increases with distance from the moving endless belt, and the distance between the separation walls decreases as you move away from the moving endless belt, the upper edges of the separation plates and regorodok made of elastic material. 2. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the dividing plates and partitions are installed with the ability to adjust the distance between them.

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