RU2493752C1 - Line of production of expanded feed grain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular heat treatment of combined feed. The line comprises a heating chamber with means for loading and unloading of grain, the exhaust system, the adjustable dampers. The heating chamber is made in the form of a device for production of expanded feed grain. The means for loading of the device is connected at the input to the feed hopper, and its unloading device is connected at the output to the receiving loading chamber. At the lower part of the unloading chamber the cooler is located provided with a centrifugal fan, the adjustable damper, a wire cloth and a deflection plate. Inside the receiving hopper, the evaporator is located having the form of tubular rings. The rings are mounted one above the other in height. In the rings along the generatrix the radial holes with the diameter of 3 mm in the upper and 4 mm in the lower are located. Above the tubular rings along the circumference at a distance of 30 mm from them the fenders are mounted that cover half the diameter of the tubular rings. The receiving unloading chamber has a wire cloth, an adjustable damper and is communicated through the centrifugal fan and the exhaust system with an evaporator.

EFFECT: use of the invention enables to improve the feeding value of expanded feed grain through the use of exhaust steam for preliminary wetting and heat treatment, and to increase productivity and efficiency of the line.

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Description

The invention relates to the heat treatment of animal feed on livestock farms and on-farm feed mills.

The well-known "Method for the production of expanded grain" (US Pat. RU, 2220586, C1, A23K 1/00, A23L 1/18, 01/10/2004), including loading grain into the chamber, sealing the chamber, hydrodynamic processing of grain under pressure in a gaseous heat carrier , pressure relief in the chamber to atmospheric.

The method and equipment used periodic (cyclic) action lead to large losses of steam and time for loading and unloading grain.

The well-known "Method for the production of expanded grain" (US Pat. RU, 2432779, C1, A23L 1/18, 11/10/2011), illustrated by the drawing, in which the grain is loaded into an airtight chamber, processed in it and unloaded into a receiving hopper. A heated coolant is supplied into the chamber under a pressure of 0.3-3 MPa, the temperature of which is up to 400 ° C, the processing time is 3.0-300 s.

This method, shown in the drawing of the device, is also of periodic action, which leads to unjustified expenses of time and heat, moreover, manual loading and unloading at this temperature is dangerous.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is the "Installation for processing feed grain" (AS 904643, A23L 1/20, 02/15/1982) - taken as a prototype, which consists of a heating chamber, loading and unloading devices, exhaust system. The disadvantage of this installation is the uneven supply of grain to the mesh conveyor.

The objective of the invention is the elimination of the above-mentioned disadvantages, increasing the feed value of the expanded feed grain through the use of spent steam for pre-wetting and heat treatment, increasing the productivity and efficiency of the line.

The problem is achieved in that in the proposed line for the production of expanded foamed grain, including a heating chamber with devices for loading and unloading grain, an exhaust system, adjustable dampers, the new one is that the heating chamber is made in the form of an installation for the production of expanded foamed grain, a device for loading which is connected at the inlet to the receiving hopper, and its discharge device is connected at the output to the receiving unloading chamber, in the lower part of which there is a cooler, fitted with a centrifugal fan, an adjustable damper, a woven mesh and a guiding shield, while inside the receiving hopper there is an evaporator having the form of tubular rings mounted one above the other in height, in which there are radial openings with a diameter of 3 mm in the upper 4 mm in the lower, moreover, over the tubular rings along the circumference at a distance of 30 mm from them are enclosing shields that cover half the diameter of the tubular rings, and the discharge unloading chamber has a woven mesh, adjustable it is communicated through a centrifugal fan and an exhaust system with an evaporator.

Expanded fodder grain is increasingly used in the industrial production of pork and beef, since at high temperature there is a deep dextrinization of starch in the grain and sterilization from fungal and pathogenic bacteria, feed costs per kg are reduced by 15-20%. growth of animals. Feed grain is processed at a conditional moisture content of 14%, the same humidity is considered optimal when animals eat swollen grain. Since 4-5% moisture is lost during the expansion of feed grain, it is necessary to moisten it to 18-19% before heat treatment using an evaporator located in the receiving hopper, which provides optimal conditions for loosening and destruction of the grain cell walls.

The use of exhaust steam as a carrier of moisture and temperature minimizes the time of the technological process, eliminates the operation of tearing and increase the efficiency of the process.

The diameter of the radial holes in the tubular rings of the evaporator 3 and 4 mm, as well as the distance between the enclosing shields and the tubular rings 30 mm are optimal and obtained experimentally. The diameter of the radial hole in the lower tubular ring should be larger for sufficient heating of a thicker layer of feed grain located above it.

The guards over the tubular rings protect the radial holes from clogging with grain and provide free injection of injected steam into the grain heap, providing uniform heating and humidification of the heap and each grain separately.

The installation of a woven mesh in the discharge unloading chamber and in the cooler makes it possible to separate the particles of flakes from the flow of steam and air, and the guide plate of the cooler directs the flow of expanded grain for unloading.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in figure 1 - diagram of the production line of expanded grain, figure 2 - remote element I in figure 1, figure 3 - section aa in figure 2.

The expanded feed grain production line includes a receiving hopper 1 (see FIG. 1) with an outlet pipe 2 and an evaporator 3 installed therein containing tubular rings, an upper 4 (see FIGS. 2, 3) and a lower 5 mounted one above the other in height, having radial holes with a diameter of 3 mm in the upper and 4 mm in the lower, and enclosing shields, upper 6 and lower 7, located above the rings along the circumference at a distance of 30 mm from them. The receiving hopper 1 (see Fig. 1) is connected by means of a loading device 8, an installation for the production of expanded foamed grain 9, with the installation itself, which, in turn, is connected through a device for unloading 10 to a receiving unloading chamber 11 provided with a woven mesh 12, a shutter 13 and by means of an exhaust system 14, which is integrated in the upper part of the discharge unloading chamber 11, equipped with a centrifugal fan 15, communicates with the evaporator 3, while in the lower part of the discharge unloading chamber 11, a cooler 16 equipped with a centrifuge ezhnym fan 17, the adjusting damper 18, the belt conveyor 19, the end of which are secured woven mesh 20 and the guide plate 21.

The work of the production line of expanded feed grain is as follows. Feed grain enters the receiving hopper 1, where into the evaporator 3, having the shape of tubular rings, the upper 4 and lower 5, through radial holes with a diameter of 3 mm in the upper and 4 mm in the lower, enters through the exhaust system 14 under the pressure of the centrifugal fan 15 from the reception unloading chambers 11 spent steam, the temperature of which is 120-150 ° C, while the upper 6 and lower 7 guards, located above the rings 4 and 5 along the circumference at a distance of 30 mm from them, facilitate the unhindered escape of steam from all radial openings, preventing their clogging with grain. Steam injects through the holes and, washing each grain, passes through the entire layer, condenses and moisturizes the entire mass of feed grain. The wetting time of feed grain depends on the capacity of the receiving hopper 1 and the capacity of the installation for the production of expanded foamed grain 9, where it comes from the receiving hopper 1 through the loading device 8, the installation for the production of feed grain 9, is heat-treated and then through the device for unloading 10 , of the same installation, enters the discharge unloading chamber 11, in which the feed grain swells due to a sharp temperature drop, while the discharge in the receiving chamber Flap 11 adjustable flap 13 controls the exhaust flow of steam and air, and the woven mesh 12 does not allow particles of flakes to get with the flow of steam and air into the exhaust system 14. Next, the expanded feed grain is fed to the cooler 16 for cooling, moved by a conveyor belt 19, cooled by the flow of incoming atmospheric air regulated by an adjustment flap 18, which is sucked off by a centrifugal fan 17, is sent for discharge to a guide plate 21, where it is prevented from entering the centrifugal by a woven mesh 20 17 th fan.

Thus, the use of the proposed line for the production of expanded foamed grain allows you to increase the feed value of expanded foamed grain through the use of spent steam for pre-wetting and heat treatment, as well as to increase the productivity and efficiency of the line.

Claims (1)

A line for the production of expanded foamed grain, including a heating chamber with devices for loading and unloading grain, an exhaust system, adjustable dampers, characterized in that the heating chamber is made in the form of an installation for the production of expanded foamed grain, the loading device of which is connected at the inlet to a receiving hopper, and its unloading device is connected at the outlet to the unloading receiving chamber, in the lower part of which there is a cooler equipped with a centrifugal fan, an adjustable shutter with a woven mesh and a guiding shield, while inside the receiving hopper there is an evaporator having the form of tubular rings mounted one above the other in height, in which there are radial openings with a diameter of 3 mm in the upper 4 mm in the lower one, and above the tubular rings along at a distance of 30 mm from them, enclosing shields are installed covering half the diameter of the tubular rings, and the discharge unloading chamber has a woven mesh, an adjustable damper and is communicated by means of a centrifugal fan and exhaust system with evaporator.

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