RU2496333C1 - Puffed grains production installation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to equipment for grain heat treatment. The installation contains a dosager, a sealed chamber, the chamber charging valve, the chamber discharging well and the steam delivery valve. There are loosener planes positioned in the sealed chamber, vertically at an identical distance and at an angle exceeding that of natural slope α=23-38°. The chamber charging and discharging valves are designed in the shape of a cylindrical body with an auger installed inside at a gap of 0.5 mm relative to the body inner surface. The auger has a flat thread with pitch S equal to the thread height h (12-14 mm). The installation is equipped with an additional dosager positioned at the chamber discharging valve output. This dosager performance exceeds that of the dosager positioned at the chamber charging valve output by a factor of 1.1. The both dosagers performance is adjusted within the range of 1:10.

EFFECT: invention usage allows to enhance produced feedstuffs quality.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for the heat treatment of feed grain on livestock farms and on-farm feed mills.

The well-known "Method for the production of expanded grain" (US Pat. RU, 2220586, C1, A23K 1/00, A23L 1/18, 01/10/2004), including loading grain into the chamber, sealing the chamber, hydrodynamic processing of grain under pressure in a gaseous heat carrier , pressure relief in the chamber to atmospheric.

The method and equipment used periodic (cyclic) action lead to large losses of steam and time for loading and unloading grain.

The well-known "Installation for processing feed grain" (AS 904643, A23L 1/20, 02/15/1982), which consists of a heating chamber, loading and unloading devices, exhaust system. The disadvantage of this installation is the uneven supply of grain to the mesh conveyor.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is the "Method for the production of expanded grain" (US Pat. RU, 2432779, C1, A23L 1/18, 11/10/2011) - taken as a prototype, illustrated by the drawing, in which the grain is loaded into a sealed chamber , processed in it and discharged into the receiving hopper. A heated coolant is supplied into the chamber under a pressure of 0.3-3 MPa, the temperature of which is up to 400 ° C, the processing time is 3.0-300 s.

This method, shown in the drawing of the device, is also of periodic action, which leads to unjustified expenses of time and heat, moreover, manual loading and unloading at this temperature is dangerous.

The objective of the invention is the elimination of the above-mentioned disadvantages, ensuring continuous flow operation in a given optimal mode, improving the quality of expanded feed grain due to technologically sound exposure, pressure and temperature, as well as reducing heat loss during loading and unloading of a sealed chamber.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the proposed installation for the production of expanded foamed grain containing a dispenser, a sealed chamber, a chamber loading valve, a chamber unloading valve, a steam supply valve, it is new that, in the sealed chamber, vertically at the same distance are installed at an equal angle exceeding the angle of repose α = 23-38 °, plane-rippers, while the loading and unloading valves of the chamber are made in the form of a cylindrical body, inside which a screw is installed, with a gap of 0.5 mm to the inner surface of the housing, having a tape thread with a pitch S equal to the height of the thread h and equal to 12-14 mm, and the installation is equipped with an additional dispenser located at the inlet of the unloading valve of the chamber, the performance of which is higher than the performance of the dispenser located at the inlet the chamber loading valve is 1.1 times, and the performance of both dispensers is adjustable in the range of 1:10.

The use of expanded feed grain is becoming increasingly important due to the fact that heat treatment at a temperature of 300-340 ° C, a pressure of 6-8 MPa and a set duration (exposure) of treatment of 20-120 s results in a deep dextrinization of animal-digestible starch into easily digestible sugars, all fungal and pathogenic bacteria are destroyed, and the grain swells, softens and increases in volume by 2-5 times, the cells partially hydrolyze, the grains acquire a porous structure, become hygroscopic and sterile , intracellular structures are becoming available for digestive enzymes.

The vertical arrangement in the sealed chamber at the same distance of the planes-rippers allows the feed grain flow to be constantly in a loose suspended state, which ensures free flow of steam to each grain and reliable deep heating, and the installation angle exceeds the angle of repose α = 23-38 ° and depends on the processed feed grain (for example: for wheat 23-38, for millet 25-30, for corn 33-38, etc. "Recommendations on the use of machinery and equipment for preparing animal feed on farms" Mosk and, "Kolos", 1977, page 6, Table 4).

The installation of a screw in the loading and unloading valves with a gap of 0.5 mm to the inner surface of the valve body allows avoiding pinching and breaking of grain during rotation of the screw, and the tape thread with a pitch S equal to the thread height h and equal to 12-14 mm corresponds to the length of large grain - corn, and this ratio is established on the basis that the grains are placed freely in the space between the tape thread of the screw and the camera body.

An increase in the productivity of the dispenser located at the inlet of the discharge valve by 1.1 times allows the feed grain to pass freely into the discharge valve without congestion, and adjusting the performance of both dispensers in the range of 1:10 depends on the required volume and type of feed grain.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in the drawing.

Installation for the production of expanded foraged grain includes a receiving hopper 1 (see drawing) with a loading batcher 2, under which a loading valve 3 is located, comprising a housing 4 and a screw 5, installed with a gap of 0.5 mm to the inner surface of the housing 4, having a tape thread in increments equal to the thread height h and equal to 12-14 mm. The loading valve 3 is connected to the sealed chamber 6, in which they are mounted vertically at the same distance at an angle exceeding the angle of repose α = 23-38 °, the ripper plane 7. In the lower part, the sealed chamber 6 is connected to the unloading valve 8, containing the housing 9 and the screw 10, installed with a gap of 0.5 mm to the inner surface of the housing 9, having a tape thread with a pitch S equal to the thread height h and equal to 12-14 mm At the inlet of the unloading valve 8, a dispenser 11 is placed, the productivity of which is 1.1 times higher than the performance of the dispenser 2. The sealed chamber 6 is equipped with a pipe 12 for supplying water, an ejector 13 and a pipe for supplying steam 14.

The installation for the production of expanded feed grain is as follows. The initial feed grain from the receiving hopper 1 by gravity enters the upper part of the loading batcher 2, then to its lower part and pours out into the loading valve 3, which is located between the inner surface of the housing 4 and the tape thread of the screw 5, the gap between which is 0.5 mm. When the screw 5 rotates, the entire inter-turn space is filled with grain, which is compacted and thus creates a tight shutter, preventing steam from escaping from the airtight chamber 6. From the loading valve 3, the feed grain moves to the airtight chamber 6, which is constantly in operation: temperature 300-340 ° C, pressure 6-8 MPa, into which steam is supplied through pipe 14. Feed grain moves along the planes-rippers 7, being in a loose fluidized state, which ensures the free flow of steam to each grain and reliable deep heating of each of them. Next, the processed feed grain reaches the dispenser 11, it is transferred to the discharge valve 8, which also is located between the inner surface of the housing 9 and the tape thread of the screw 10, the gap between which is 0.5 mm. When the screw 10 rotates, the entire inter-turn space is filled with grain, which is compacted and accordingly creates a tight shutter, also preventing steam from escaping from the sealed chamber 6. The feed grain at the outlet of the discharge valve 8 is subjected to a sharp pressure drop, the moisture inside the grain instantly turns into steam and explodes grain, its volume increases by 2-5 times. If necessary, additional moisture in the sealed chamber 6 through the pipe 12 and the ejector 13 is supplied in the form of fog water.

Thus, the installation operates in a continuous flow mode, which allows you to steadily fulfill the specified optimal conditions for each type of feed grain in temperature, pressure, processing time and humidity, to obtain high-quality feed, reduce specific feed costs by 15-20%, and exclude a simple airtight chamber when loading and unloading, loss of time and steam.

Claims (1)

Installation for the production of expanded feed grain containing a dispenser, a sealed chamber, a chamber loading valve, a chamber unloading valve, a steam supply valve, characterized in that the sealed chamber is vertically at the same distance at an angle greater than the angle of repose α = 23 -38 °, plane-cultivators, while the loading and unloading valves of the chamber are made in the form of a cylindrical body, inside which a screw is installed, with a gap of 0.5 mm to the inner surface of the body, having precision thread with a pitch S equal to the thread height h and equal to 12-14 mm, and the installation is equipped with an additional dispenser located at the inlet of the chamber unloading valve, the productivity of which is 1.1 times higher than the capacity of the dispenser located at the inlet of the chamber loading valve, and both dispensers are adjustable in the range of 1:10.