RU2492617C2 - High-speed rotary screw device for separation of tuberous roots into fractions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery industry, in particular, to devices for separation of tuberous roots into fractions by size criteria. The device comprises a cylindrical drum and a drive mechanism. The drum has a surface which consists of a flexible tube. The flexible tube is wound helically on the rods with a variable pitch. Inside the drum the fixed tuberous root guider is placed. The tuberous root guider consists of an elastic plated splitter and a chute grate. The splitter is mounted on the rod which is mounted with the ends on the radial telescopic racks on the fixed axis of the drum and on the stub. The stub is suspended on the frame through the cylindrical rings provided with locking bolts. The chute grate consists of individual plates. The plates are inclined towards the axial movement of the material and fixed on the other rod. The ends of the rod also rest by the cylindrical rings equipped with locking bolts on the fixed axis of the drum and the stub suspended on the frame.

EFFECT: invention provides movement of the processed material in the axial direction inside the high-speed drum.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a device for dividing root crops into fractions according to dimensional characteristics. A device is known for cleaning and sorting root crops and fruits (A01D 33/08, No. 2194380). In this device, the calibrating surface is formed by circular rings worn on rods placed on the circumference of the side walls of the drum.

In such a device, it is inconvenient to adjust the gaps between the rings. The drive conveyor, along with impurities, carries out the components of the fine fraction.

In another known device (A01D 33/08, No. 2341951), the gauge surface is formed by winding a flexible reinforced polyvinyl tube along a helix onto rods placed at the required interval around the circumference of the side walls of the drum. Concentric to the circumference of the calibrating drum, in the area of separation of the coarse fraction, a lifting rotor equipped with blades is mounted on a common shaft.

The main disadvantage of this device is low productivity, this is due to the fact that the drum rotates slowly (no more than 20 rpm), while the material makes an oscillatory movement on a short arc of the drum. Therefore, the gauge surface is small. With an increase in the rotational speed of the drum, the centrifugal force increases proportionally, as a result of which the material is pressed against the surface of the drum and its axial movement stops.

For this reason, despite a number of advantages (simplicity of the device, balanced inertial forces, a small number of moving pairs, low power consumption, etc.). Drum-type calibrating devices are not widely used in production. In this regard, the claimed invention is aimed at solving the following technical problems:

- without changing the basic structural scheme of the rotor-screw calibrating device due to the introduction of an additional device into the drum and forcing the kinematic mode of operation, significantly increase the sorting performance;

- to offer a simple device for the root and root guide providing reliable removal of tubers (root crops) pressed to the inner surface of the drum, partial repayment of their speed of movement, their dispersal (distribution) when rolling down along a fixed surface and changing their path along the axis of rotation of the drum;

- to propose a suspension mechanism for root-guides providing a change in the location of the start of removal of tubers (root crops) from the surface of the drum and regulation of the location of the guide plates relative to the surface of the drum.

These technical results are achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype (patent No. 2341951) in a high-speed rotary screw device for dividing root tubers into fractions containing a cylindrical drum with a surface consisting of a flexible tube, wound along a helix on rods with a variable pitch and a mechanism of the drive according to the invention, a stationary root stalk guide is arranged inside the drum, consisting of an elastically plastic cutter and a plurality of axially inclined material apravlyayuschih plates arranged to vary the interval between them.

In this case, a plate-type cutter is fixed on a rod mounted by the ends on radial telescopic racks on the fixed axis of the drum, and in the front part, on a trunnion suspended on a frame. At the ends of the uprights there are cylindrical rings with locking bolts for fixing the uprights on the shaft and drum axis in a fixed position.

A pitched lattice consisting of individual plates inclined towards the axial movement of the material is fixed on another rod, the ends of which are also supported by cylindrical rings equipped with locking bolts on the fixed axis of the drum and the axle suspended from the frame. This embodiment of the device provides axial movement of the processed material inside the high-speed drum-type vibrator. Moving along the surface of the plate cutter and the pitched sieve, the tubers (root crops) mix well and move along the axis with the help of inclined plates. Tubers from the pitched sieve fall onto the surface of the drum at an angle that can be adjusted by turning the pitched sieve relative to the installation axis.

Compared to a drum without a device, the working calibrating surface increases many times (5 ... 7 times), and productivity is approximately the same. The proposed device is not difficult in design, easy to maintain and allows you to easily perform the necessary technological adjustments.

Figure 1 shows a high-speed rotary-screw device for dividing root tubers into fractions, side view; figure 2 is a front view; figure 3 is a simplified flow chart. The basis of the calibrating drum is a solid disk 1, mounted on a bearing on an axis 2, fixed with a bolt in the housing 3, and a ring 4, rounded out of angular steel, and supported by rollers 5, which are interconnected by paired parallel rods 6, having ends at their ends thread and nut. With the help of clamps (not shown in the figure), coils of a flexible reinforced polyvinyl tube 7, wound on a helical line on these rods with a variable pitch, are attached to the rods 6.

Inside the drum there is a stationary root stalk. It consists of two parts: plate cutter 8 and pitched grating 9. Plate cutter 8 is mounted on a rod 10, mounted with ends on radial telescopic racks 11, 12 on the fixed axis 2 of the drum and on pin 13 (figure 2), mounted on the lower end suspensions 14. Racks 11 and 12 with a shaft 10 and with an axis 2 of a drum and a pin 13 are connected by means of cylindrical rings 15 (four rings) and are fixed in a predetermined position with locking bolts. To change the position of the plate cutter 8 racks 11 and 12 have a telescopic device. The height of the indicated racks is changed with the help of a locking bolt.

The pitched grate 9, consisting of individual plates (they can be of different shapes), inclined in the direction of movement of the material, is mounted on another rod 16. In order to be able to adjust the interval, each plate is attached to the rod 16 by a separate clamp. The rod 16 is also supported by means of cylindrical rings 17 (2 rings) equipped with locking bolts on the fixed axis 2 of the drum and the pin 13.

The device operates as follows (for example, the separation of potato tubers into fractions). Potato tubers on the tray 18 is fed to the inner surface of the drum having a perforated screw surface. Due to the action of the component of gravity and the normal component of inertia (centrifugal force), the tubers are pressed to the inner surface of the drum and in a short time acquire the speed of a high-speed drum (peripheral speed). Since the peripheral speed of the drum is many times higher than the feed rates of the tubers, the tubers are instantly separated from each other and carried away in a circular motion. In this case, the tubers of the fine fraction, due to the action of a “powerful” centrifugal force on them and the absence of the tuber layer, are squeezed through the slot-like openings of the drum in a short way. With further movement in a circle, the tubers of medium and large fractions meet with the fixed surface of the plate cutter 8. Due to the fact that the tubers have a different shape of the outer surface when they meet with the cutter 8, the trajectory of their further movement changes, and they diverge in different directions, that is, disperse .

In order to prevent damage to tubers when they meet with the surface of the cutter 8, it is necessary to select the optimal mode of operation of the sorting. For tubers, the kinematic regime should not exceed a critical value at which the centrifugal force and gravity at the top of the drum are balanced. The magnitude of the impact force of tubers can be changed by changing the position of the cutter 8 this is achieved by turning the rod 10 relative to the racks 11 and 12 and turning these racks relative to the axis of rotation 2 of the drum and axle 13.

When meeting with the surface of the cutter 8, the speed of the tubers decreases sharply and they, under the action of gravity, descend to the surface of the pitched grating 9 (Fig. 3). Rolling along the guide plates of the tubers deflected in the axial direction, the tubers again descend in the zone of separation of the medium-sized tubers onto the surface of the rapidly rotating drum, and the angle of the tubers entering the drum surface can be adjusted by turning the ramp grate 9 relative to the axis of rotation of the drum (Fig. 3). Tubers of medium size due to the action of centrifugal force are squeezed through the gaps between the turns of the screw surface and, having hit the semi-cylindrical casing 19 (Fig. 2), go down to the receiving tray 20. The large tubers remaining on the drum surface reach the end of the screw winding and go off on the output tray 21.

The advantages of the proposed device:

- provides the movement of the processed material in the axial direction inside the high-speed drum;

- repeatedly increases the working calibrating surface of the drum;

- the possibility of reducing the length of the technological path, hence the structural length of the drum;

- a small number of kinematic pairs (only 4 bearings);

- incomparably high performance in comparison with similar known calibrating devices of the drum type. The economic efficiency of the device follows from the above advantages.

Claims (1)

A high-speed rotor-screw device for dividing root crops into fractions containing a cylindrical drum with a surface consisting of a flexible tube wound along a helix on rods with a variable pitch, a drive mechanism, characterized in that a fixed root stub guide consisting of an elastic plate-type cutter is placed inside the drum mounted on a rod, mounted by ends on radial telescopic racks on the fixed axis of the drum and on a trunnion suspended from the frame by means of cylinders datic rings equipped with locking bolts, and a pitched lattice consisting of individual plates, inclined towards the axial movement of the material and mounted on another rod, the ends of which are also supported by cylindrical rings equipped with locking bolts on the fixed axis of the drum and suspended from the axle.

Images