RU2341951C2 - Rotary screw device for fraction separation of tuberous roots and fruits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultures.

SUBSTANCE: device contains drum with calibrating surface, elevating device, reception chamber, drive mechanism. Calibrating surface is formed of the coupled parallel cores placed with an interval on a circle of lateral disks of the drum. Coils of the flexible tube are attached to the cores with the help of shackles. The tube is wound on a screw line on the cores with variable step in such a manner that in a zone of supply of a product of the backlash separation between coils is established, taking into account pass of fraction of the average and small size to an internal surface of a calibrating surface of the drum, and on its other part with possibility of separation of average and small fraction. The shackles are mounted with possibility of movement along the cores for step adjustment between spiral coils. The elevating device in the form of a rotor is established concentric with circles of the calibrating drum in a zone of branch of large fraction on the general with it to the shaft. The elevating device is executed from two rings; the blades of the rectangular form are placed between them with an interval. The coils of steel cable forming a trellised surface are attached to lateral and external edges of blades. In a zone of branch of large fraction the surface of the calibrating drum from below is covered by semicylindrical casing. In a zone of lifting of a product of division with the rim of an elevating rotor with a backlash the directing board is fixed. The top ends of the casing and the board it is put on, with possibility of change of position, the U-shaped tray for regulation of supply angle of a separation product of into the surface of the calibrating drum and volume of the reception chamber.

EFFECT: increase of reliability of device and quality indicators of its work.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for separating root crops and fruits into fractions according to dimensional characteristics.

A device for cleaning and sorting root crops and fruits (A01D 33/08, No. 2194380). In this device, the calibrating surface is formed by round rings worn on rods placed around the circumference of the side walls of the drum. The drum is driven by a belt conveyor with a palm surface covering the drum in the area of separation of large fractions from the bottom side.

In such a device, it is inconvenient to adjust the gaps between the rings. The drive conveyor, along with impurities, carries out the components of the fine fraction. The supply of the processed material (product) to the outer surface of the drum is complicated. Not a simple drive mechanism of the drive and loading conveyors.

In another known device (A01D 33/08, No. 2267902), the separation of the material occurs during its lifting. In this device, the main disadvantages of the sorting protected by patent No. 2194380 are eliminated. However, it becomes more difficult to capture the material being processed by the intake part of the sickle-lifting-calibrating chamber and removing the separated fraction from this chamber.

In this regard, the claimed invention is aimed at solving the following technical problems:

- improving the reliability and quality of the device;

- simplification of the design scheme (exclusion of drive and loading conveyors) and drive mechanism;

- the possibility of using existing units for post-harvest processing of root crops and fruits.

These technical results are achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype (patent No. 2194380), the calibrating surface is formed by winding a flexible reinforced polyvinyl tube along a helical line onto the rods placed with the necessary interval around the circumference of the side walls of the drum. The pitch between the turns of the variable is regulated by the movement of the clamps along the rods.

Concentric to the circumference of the calibrating drum, in the area of separation of the coarse fraction, a lifting rotor is installed on the common shaft, equipped with rectangular blades, to the lateral and outer edges of which are attached coils of a thin steel cable forming a lattice surface. In the separation zone of the large fraction, the drive conveyor is replaced by a fixed semi-cylindrical casing.

The tray on which the components of the processed material descend from the rotor blade and through which they enter the helical surface of the calibrating drum has the ability to change its position.

This embodiment of the device, first of all, increases the reliability of the sorting. The drive mechanism is simplified. There is only one chain transmission from the gear motor to the common shaft of the drum and rotor.

The calibrating surface of the drum is lightweight, easy to manufacture.

The design scheme is balanced and works silently and steadily. The helical surface provides a stable movement of the material inside the drum, which greatly improves the sorting performance.

It is not difficult to make sorting of various sizes from tabletop (for fruits) to “giant” - for sorting potatoes. It is convenient to feed the processed material to the lifting rotor both manually (feed height from 0 to 0.2 m), and from a wide hopper conveyor.

Figure 1 shows a rotary screw device for separating root crops and fruits into fractions, top view; figure 2 is a side view; figure 3 is a view along arrow A.

The basis of the calibrating drum is made up of side walls in the form of solid disks 1 and 2, mounted on the shaft 3, which are interconnected by paired parallel rods 4 having threads and a nut at the ends. With the help of clamps 5, coils of flexible reinforced polyvinyl (plastic) tube 6 are attached to the rods 4 and are wound around the rods with a variable pitch along a helical line. The step between the turns is controlled by the movement of the clamps 5 along the paired rods 4. In the feed zone of the separation product, the gap between the turns is established taking into account the passage of the medium and small fraction into the inner surface of the drum, on the rest of it - taking into account the possibility of separation of the middle and small fraction. Between these zones, a belt 7 is applied to the drum.

In order to reduce the height of the fall of the components of the middle and fine fractions when entering the inside of the drum, a damper 8 in the form of a truncated cone is attached to the front sidewall 1.

Concentric to the circumference of the calibrating drum, in the area of separation of the coarse fraction, a lifting rotor is installed on the common shaft 3, consisting of 2 rings 9 and 10, between which rectangular blades 11 are placed with the necessary interval, to the sides and outer edges of which are attached coils of a thin steel cable 12 forming a lattice surface.

The front ring 9 of the rotor is connected to the front disk 1 of the drum using tubular spokes 13.

In the area of separation of the coarse fraction, the helical calibrating surface of the drum is covered from below by a semi-cylindrical casing 14, and in the zone of lifting the separation product concentrically the rim of the lifting rotor with the necessary clearance is fixed to the guiding shield 15. A U-shaped tray 16 is put on the upper ends of the casing 14 and the shield 15 with the possibility of changing its position, therefore, regulating the feed angle of the separation product onto the helical gage surface.

In the separation zone of the coarse fraction, on top of the calibrating drum, there are protective shields 17 and 18, which, in combination with the tray 16, form a receiving chamber.

A large fraction enters the tray 19, a medium fraction goes to the tray 20, a small fraction goes to the tray 21. On the driven shaft 3, the movement from the gear motor 22 is transmitted by the chain 23 through the sprockets 24 and 25.

The device operates as follows (for example, the separation of potato tubers into fractions).

Potato tubers are fed to the lifting rotor in front either manually using any tools (shovels, forks, scoop, etc.), or from the feeder-conveyor (storage hopper). The lifting rotor captures the tubers with blades 11 and carries them in a circular upward motion. The premature loss of tubers is prevented by the guiding shield 15. From the blades 11 of the lifting rotor, the tubers along the tray 16 go into the receiving chamber formed by the tray 16, the side protective shields 17 and 18 and the screw receiving surface of the drum.

The dose of tubers should be such that a certain number of tubers accumulate in the receiving chamber. A portion of tubers located in the receiving chamber creates constant pressure (steam) on the surface of the drum.

Under these conditions, the tubers in the receiving chamber under the influence of the turns of the rotating drum and the natural pair are in continuous relative motion and are oriented along the helical gap, as a result of which tubers of small and medium size, having sizes smaller than the gap between the turns, pass inside the drum, meeting with the conical surface of the damper 8 diverge along the inner surface of the drum. A large fraction remains on the surface of the drum and is transferred to the ramp tray 19.

The drum rotates at a speed less than critical, that is, the tubers under the influence of centrifugal force are not carried away in a circular motion, but rise to a certain height and fall down due to gravity. Since the drum has a helical surface, with each lowering the tubers move along the axis of the drum. Each tuber moves along a helix with sliding or rolling, while the tubers are intensively mixed, which contributes to the separation of adhering soil from them.

As you move along the axis of rotation, the mass of tubers enters the helical surface with a reduced clearance (clearance) between the turns. In this case, with repeated lifting and lowering, the tubers are oriented along the annular slots. Small tubers fall through the gaps between the turns and enter the ramp tray 21, and medium-sized tubers go from the end of the screw surface to the tray 20.

The advantages of the proposed device:

1. Unlike other known sortings (roller, belt, drum, disk, mesh), large tubers or root crops are separated at the beginning of the technological path, as a result of which they are less damaged. In addition, in the absence of a large fraction inside the drum, the process of separating the small fraction from the middle improves.

2. The lack of unbalanced inertial forces and low energy intensity.

3. An original, unusual way of supplying separation products to a calibrating surface.

4. The presence of a simple device for regulating the gap between the turns forming a calibrating surface.

5. The design scheme is simple and technological. The economic efficiency of the device follows from the above advantages.

Claims (1)

A rotor-screw device for separating root crops and fruits into fractions containing a drum with a calibrating surface, a lifting device, a receiving chamber, a drive mechanism, characterized in that the calibrating surface is formed of paired parallel rods placed with an interval around the circumference of the side disks of the drum, and with the help of clamps, the coils are attached to the rods of a flexible tube, wound along a helix on the rods with a variable pitch so that in the feed zone of the separation product the gap between the coils it is installed taking into account the passage of the medium and small size fractions into the inner surface of the calibrating surface of the drum, and on the rest of it with the possibility of separating the middle and small fractions, while the clamps are mounted with the ability to move along the rods to adjust the step between the turns of the spiral, while the lifting device the rotor is mounted concentrically on the circumference of the calibrating drum, in the area of separation of the coarse fraction, on a shaft common with it, and is made of two rings, between which are placed at intervals of a rectangular shape, to the lateral and outer edges of which are attached coils of a steel cable forming a lattice surface, and in the area of separation of a large fraction the surface of the calibrating drum is covered from below by a semi-cylindrical casing, and in the zone of lifting of the separation product, a guide shield is concentric with the gap of the lifting rotor with a gap, with this is put on the upper ends of the casing and the shield with the possibility of changing the position of the U-shaped tray for adjusting the angle of supply of the separation product to the surface by calibrating of the drum and the volume of the receiving chamber.

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