RU2490874C1 - Method for feeding sows in farrowing section - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for feeding sows in the farrowing section. The method for feeding sows in the farrowing section includes sows feeding in the pregnancy and sucking periods under single-phase maintenance conditions. The level of feeding in terms of nutritional substances is increased 1.5-1.8 times from the 101^st to the 110^th day of the animals pregnancy, green hydroponic fodder accounting for 20% of the demand. From the 111^th to the 115^th day of pregnancy the level of feeding in terms of nutritional substances is gradually reduced down to 15% of the demand, green hydroponic fodder totally excluded. From the 1^st to the 8^th day of the sucking period the level of sows feeding in terms of nutritional substances is increased by 10% at the expense of green hydroponic fodder plus 0.55-1.1 MJ per piglet daily. From the 9^th to the 20^th, from the 21^st to the 30^th, from the 31^st to the 40^th, from the 41^st to the 55^th day of the sucking period the level of sows feeding in terms of nutritional substances is increased by 20% at the expense of green hydroponic fodder plus 1.10-2.20 MJ, 2.20-3.63 MJ, 3.63-4.40 MJ, 4.40-5.50 MJ per piglet daily respectively. From the 56^th to the 60^th day of the sucking period the level of sows feeding in terms of nutritional substances is gradually reduced down to 20% of the demand, green hydroponic fodder totally excluded.

EFFECT: this invention usage allows to achieve high indices of reproductive and productive qualities of sows as well as intensive growth and development of the breed.

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely animal husbandry.

A known method of feeding sows (Svezhentsev D.I., Masyuk D.N., Yanovskaya O.V. and others. The basics of full-fledged feeding of pigs. Dnepropetrovsk: Art-press, 2000, p. in pregnant and lactating periods, they are carried out in accordance with accepted standards and scientifically based feeding systems according to specially formulated feed recipes.

In accordance with this method of feeding, depending on live weight, from 101 to 115 days of gestation, sows receive food for nutrients 5.5 cd units, or 61.0 MJ of metabolic energy per day, and after farrowing and before weaning piglets sows receive 6.84 ced units, or 76.25 MJ of metabolic energy, and in addition to the level of feeding for productivity at the rate of 0.38 ced units per piglet without regard to its age.

The disadvantages of this method include the fact that periods from 101 to 110 days, from 111 to 115 days of gestation, and such phases of the physiological state as the formation of milkiness in sows, biological patterns of growth and development of offspring in the embryonic and postembryonic periods (s 1 to 8 days, from 9 to 20, from 21 to 30 days, from 31 to 40 days, from 41 to 55 days and from 56 to 60 days of suction periods).

The aim of the invention is to achieve high reproductive, productive and maternal qualities of sows by developing a new method of feeding animals in different periods of their physiological state, including milk formation, growth rate and offspring development in embryonic and postembryonic periods, when piglets are raised from birth to weaning in unheated rooms on a deep, long-lasting litter of straw with a sand base.

This goal is achieved by feeding sows in the pregnant and lactating periods (in different phases of the physiological state) from individual feeders directly in a unified machine as follows:

- from 101 to 110 days of gestation, the level of feeding in nutrients is increased by 1.5-1.8 times, and 20% of the nutrient requirements are accounted for by green hydroponic feed;

- the level of feeding sows for nutrients from 111 to 115 days of gestation is gradually reduced to 15% of the need, and green hydroponic feed is completely excluded;

- the feeding level of lactating sows on nutrients from 1 to 8 days after farrowing is increased by 10% due to green hydroponic feed and plus at the rate of 0.55-1.10 MJ of exchange energy for each piglet per day;

- the feeding level of lactating sows on nutrients from 9 to 20 days after farrowing is increased by 20% due to green hydroponic feed and plus 1.10 2.20 MJ of exchange energy per piglet per day;

- the feeding level of lactating sows on nutrients from 21 to 30 days after farrowing is increased by 20% due to green hydroponic feed and plus 2.20-3.63 MJ of exchange energy per piglet per day;

- the feeding level of sows on nutrients from the 31st to the 40th day of the suckling period is increased by 20% due to green hydroponic feed and plus 3.63-4.40 MJ of exchange energy per piglet per day;

- the level of feeding sows for nutrients from 41 to 55 days of the suckling period is increased by 20% due to green hydroponic feed and plus 4.40-5.50 MJ of exchange, energy per each piglet per day;

- the level of feeding sows for nutrients from 56 to 60 days of the suckling period is gradually reduced to 20% of the need, green hydroponic feed is completely excluded.

It should be noted that increasing the level of feeding with the provision of essential amino acids, macro- and microelements and vitamins of sows during the gestation period from 101 to 110 days in the phase of completion of offspring development in the embryonic periods contributes to the intensive growth of peripheral bones and muscles, increase the length of the fetus and its weight by relative to average lengths and birth weight. In addition to completing the formation of the fetus and preparing it for birth, there is an accumulation of nutrients for subsequent lactation of sows.

Feeding sows during the period from 111 to 115 days of gestation with a gradual decrease in feed volume is carried out in order to exclude in the pre-gestation period and farrowing the offspring injuries by fodder and feces, distracting large amounts of blood to the stomach and premature milk synthesis, which can lead to swelling of the udder and disease of their various acute forms of mastitis before farrowing or immediately after it.

From 1 to 8 days after farrowing, suckling sows have a certain nutrient deficiency, especially in macro-, microelements and vitamins. Therefore, the quality of colostrum and milk depends on the level of feeding the uterus, 10-15 days before farrowing, which plays an important role in the first days after farrowing. The level of feeding sows with a slight addition to the productivity of green hydroponic feed should provide newborn piglets with high-quality milk in the required quantity, which will allow piglets to receive passive immunity from many pathogens of infectious diseases and increase viability in the early period of postembryonic development.

Increasing the level of feeding sows from 9 to 55 days after farrowing due to the regulation of nutrient requirements by green hydroponic feed makes it possible to increase the amount of milk and its nutrition for the full development of piglets. In addition, the elimination (loss of live weight) of sows, that is, the formation (synthesis) of milk due to their own body, when especially highly productive animals are thin, is excluded.

It should be noted that the amount of milk in the diet of piglets by weaning is gradually decreasing, piglets begin to live mainly by feeding grain mix and green hydroponic feed, therefore, sows are fed from 56 to 60 days before weaning, with a gradual decrease in feed to 20% of the need. and green hydroponic food is completely excluded from the diet.

Scientific and economic experiments of the proposed method for feeding sows in the farrowing shop were carried out in the conditions of pedigree plants and pedigree reproducers. Two groups of primary sows were formed, 20 animals each, which were analogues in live weight, age, breed and were siblings and half-siblings. 15 days before the farrowing, the sows were (delivered to the farrowing workshop: the control in individual stationary machines and feed were obtained in accordance with the prototype; the experimental group, taking into account the phases of the physiological state in the pregnant and lactating periods.

Analysis of studies showed that the proposed method for feeding sows with the additional introduction of green hydroponic feed under conditions of single-phase content contributed to an increase: the weight of the nest of newborn piglets - by 13.7%, the average live weight of one head - by 14.4% (P <0.05 ), piglets on 21 days - by 13.2%, sows milk yield - by 24.4%, nest weight at weaning at 60 days of age - 18.5% (P <0.001), average live weight at weaning - by 13 , 8%, safety for weaning - by 12.3%.

Thus, the introduction of the developed method for feeding sows in the farrowing shop under conditions of their single-phase maintenance in unheated rooms using full feed mixed with the addition of green hydroponic feed contributes to the maximum use of the sow's genetic and biological potential.

Claims (1)

A method for feeding sows in a farrowing workshop, including feeding sows in the pregnant and lactating periods under single-phase conditions, characterized in that the feeding level for nutrients from 101 to 110 days of gestation is increased by 1.5-1.8 times, with 20% green hydroponic feed accounts for the demand, from 111 to 115 days of gestation, the level of feeding by nutrients is gradually reduced to 15% of the demand, green hydroponic feed is completely excluded, from 1 to 8 days of a suction period, the feeding level according to total substances increase by 10% due to green hydroponic feed and plus 0.55-1.1 MJ per each piglet per day, from 9 to 20, from 21 to 30, from 31 to 40, from 41 to 55 days of suckling of the period, the level of feeding in nutrients is increased by 20% due to green hydroponic feed and plus, respectively, 1.10-2.20 MJ, 2.20-3.63 MJ, 3.63-4.40 MJ, 4.40-5 , 50 MJ per each piglet per day, from 56 to 60 days of a suckling period, the level of feeding by nutrients is gradually reduced to 20% of the need, and green hydroponic feed is completely excluded.