RU2380896C1 - Method for growth of suckling piglets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for growth of piglets includes their keeping in nests together with sow, and after weaning from sow - in groups formed as per their sexual identity. The novelty is the fact that immediately after farrow, all piglets are weaned from sows, number of functioning nipples are identified in sows, new nests of piglets are arranged, with separation of suckling piglets according to sexual identity; and the same time number of boar pigs or gilts in new nests corresponds to number of functioning nipples in sows; after weaning from sows, nests of piglets are combined in groups, which include at least two nests of unisexual piglets.

EFFECT: improved growth of piglets, improvement of their functional activity, achieved as a result of reduction of stress situations in growth of suckling piglets in new unisexual nests, which are arranged immediately after birth of piglets, and as a result of stress situation mitigation as they are transferred for nursery.

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Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to methods for raising pigs, and can be used in pig farms for growing piglets-suckers.

There is a known method of growing pigs on a suction under their sows or under a nurse, taking into account the size of litters in which the pigs remained on the suction, dividing them into two categories (6 or 12 pigs under one sow) (Stewart, TS Effect of litter size and growing under mother or under a nurse for the survival, growth rate and reproductive productivity of pigs / TSStewart, MADiekman // Pig breeding journal. - 1991. - No. 3. - P.15).

The disadvantage of this method is that in the method when forming groups did not take into account the ability of sows to feed or the number of their milk (functioning) nipples. If the number of piglets in the nest is less than the number of functioning nipples in sows, then the milk stagnates, curdles, clogs the milk ducts and can cause inflammation of the mammary gland (mastitis) and with the next farrowing these fractions of the mammary gland will be low-milk or will cease to secrete milk at all. When planting 12 piglets in sows, first of all, it is necessary to make sure that the number of functioning lobules of the mammary gland corresponds to the number of piglets planted. Otherwise, those piglets that do not get the nipples will lag behind in growth and development from malnutrition and die.

There is a method according to which ministad is formed by sucking pigs from adjacent machines by creating the possibility of visual contact and a gradual independent transition from machine to machine, the beginning of which is regulated by opening manholes in their partitions. (RU 2304382 C2 A01K 67/02).

The disadvantage of this method is that the movement of 7-14-day-old piglets from one nest to another, carried out by opening manholes, can lead to the fact that pigs, in search of habitual milk, will be attached to the nipples of a sow from an adjacent nest instead of accustoming to eating feed that they will be fed during the rearing period. Larger, stronger and stronger piglets, which are leaders in their nest, when moved to an adjacent machine, will squeeze from the nipples sows of their native, but less developed and less strong piglets, occupying a subordinate social position and needing additional servings of milk. Competition, fights and skirmishes for sows' nipples, for establishing a new social hierarchy and a new leader can cause sows anxiety, aggressiveness and interruption of piglet feeding. This will adversely affect the health, growth and development of piglets.

In addition, in the known method irrationally used useful areas of the pigsty. In the period from birth to the unification of piglets in a ministad, as well as in the period from the unification of piglets into a ministad until the next stage of cultivation, there are always unoccupied sections in the pigsty.

A known method is when piglets after weaning at 35 days of age were placed for growing in machines. At the same time, heterosexual nests of piglets disbanded and created new groups, both heterosexual (4 pigs and 5 pigs, or 5 pigs and 4 pigs), and sexually formed (groups of pigs or groups of pigs) (Parasyuk I.P. Efficiency of growing piglets separately on the floor at the complexes / I.P. Parasyuk, P.F. Andrusishin // Pig Production Review Journal - 1990. - No. 5. - P.15). The method adopted for the prototype.

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not take into account the patterns of growth, development, behavior, temperament, etc. features of piglets of different sexes from birth to weaning from sows. Growing piglets up to 35 days of age with the joint keeping of heterosexual animals leads to a stressful situation. The dominant position in the nest is always occupied by individuals with a strong type of higher nervous activity, aggressive ones with a large mass, most often these are grunts. Boars drive pigs away from the more milk sipples of the sows, then from the feeders, the best places to rest and lie down. At the same time, castration performed at 22 days of age causes pain and stress in the hog, they are depressed, and lag behind in growth and development. Guinea pigs, on the contrary, grow more intensively during this period. The division of piglets into groups by sex, carried out after weaning them from a sow at the age of 35 days, exacerbates the stressful situation due to the emergence of stress factors such as weaning piglets from their mothers, loss of brethren in the nest, change of habitual place of existence, which affects the mass piglets, their behavior, safety. This known method also does not take into account the ability of sows to feed.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method to reduce stressful situations when growing piglets in nests and transfer them to growing and increase live weight, the safety of piglets and milk production of sows.

The objective of the invention is solved by the fact that in the method of growing piglets, including keeping them in nests with a sow, and after weaning from sows in groups formed by sex, according to the invention, all piglets are taken away from sows immediately after farrowing, the number of functioning (lactating) sows is determined ) nipples, form new nests of piglets with the separation of suckling piglets by sex; the number of boars or pigs in the new nests corresponds to the number of functioning (lactating) nipples in sows; after weaning from sows, the nests of piglets are combined into groups comprising at least two nests of same-sex piglets.

The technical result of the invention is expressed in improving the growth of piglets, increasing their functional activity, achieved due to the reduction of stressful situations during the cultivation of suckling piglets in new same-sex nests formed immediately after the birth of the piglets, and due to the smoothing of the stressful situation when transferring them to growing.

In the inventive method takes into account the gender differences of boars and pigs, recorded immediately after birth.

Separate breeding of boars and pigs during their feeding by sows allows pigs to have equal opportunities when choosing milk teats, places at feeding troughs and places for rest, to reduce the occurrence of stressful situations, panic and fear during the castration of boars; weakened boles, which are in a state of pain shock and stress after castration, unhindered access to sows nipples and feeding.

The combination of nests of piglets-suckers already formed by sex allows you to reduce the stressful situation after weaning piglets from sows when transferring them to rearing at 35-40 days of age.

The formation of nests by newborn piglets, depending on the ability of sows to feed, determined by the number of lactating nipples, helps to increase the milk production of the uterus.

The new method takes into account the ethological characteristics of piglets. It is simple, easy to do, highly efficient, does not require additional material investments.

A method of growing pigs is as follows.

After farrowing, the ability of sows to feed is determined by identifying each number of functioning (lactating) nipples. All newborn piglets are taken from sows. New nests are formed by sex, consisting only of boars or only pigs, with the number of piglets in the nest equal to the number of functioning (lactating) nipples in the sow to which this nest is planted. After weaning piglets from the sow and transferring to growing, already formed same-sex nests are combined into groups including two or more piglets nests.

Example 1. Scientific and economic experience was carried out in 2008 in the conditions of the Shuvaevsky Pedigree Plant OJSC of the Emelyanovsky District of the Krasnoyarsk Territory on pigs and sows of the Landras breed.

Animals were raised in individual machines for lactating sows, divided into a zone for rest and feeding piglets and a zone for a fixed sow. The sow-fixing box is equipped with a feeder and a nipple drinker and is located in the center of the machine so that the piglets can freely approach and sit around the sow during feeding. The surface of the slit floor located under the sow is covered with a plastic material that prevents slipping.

The piglet compartment has a feeder for dry feed and mineral additives, a nipple drinker, as well as an electric heating mat and an infrared lamp that provide a comfortable thermal zone for piglets. The climate control was carried out through a computer.

The animals were observed from birth to rearing at the age of 40 days and the first days after transfer to the rearing workshop. Weaning of piglets from sows was performed at the age of 28 days.

During the experiment, the multiple fertility and milk production of sows, live weight of piglets at birth, on the 14th, 21st, 27th and 40th days, average daily growth and safety were taken into account.

For weighing piglets in the suction period, VEND-01-15-5 “Baby” electronic scales were used, digital material was subjected to statistical processing on a personal computer according to the method of N. A. Plokhinsky [1969] using the Microsoft Excel program.

The behavior of the piglets was determined by visual observation for two adjacent days after rearrangements. They were timed according to the method of V.I. Velikzhanin (1975). The total observation time was 8 hours 40 minutes. The interval for recording behavioral elements was 5 minutes. The main research criteria were indicators of the time of physical activity: games, fights, intake of food and water, walking, urination, bowel movements and indicators of the state of rest (rest, inactivity): standing, lying, sitting. On the body of experimental animals, numbers were applied with a permanent marker, which made it possible to clearly distinguish piglets among themselves for two days.

Example 2

In the conditions of example 1 formed 3 groups of sows with piglets - one control and two experimental. Piglets in the control group were raised under their mothers without additional rearrangements. After assigning nest numbers to the newborn piglets, experimental groups were completed depending on their gender — only boars and only pigs. So, in the second experimental group pigs were concentrated, in the third experimental group - pigs. In the first control group there were 50% of boars and 50% of pigs. In the control group, 3 nests were formed, in the second and third experimental groups, 5 nests each. Each nest housed 10 heads of piglets. The experimental design is shown in Table 1.

The conditions of feeding, care and maintenance of piglets in all groups were identical and consistent with recommended standards.

Growing piglets in mixed and same-sex groups in the dairy period of postembryonic development had a different effect on the indicators of live weight, the safety of piglets and milk yield of sows (Table 2).

Analysis of the weighing results shows that the pigs concentrated in the second experimental group grew most intensively and when they reached 40 days of age were 5.0% heavier than their counterparts in the first control group.

The live weight of boars (group 3) at the age of 40 days also exceeded the control indices by 0.2%. A small difference in the values of the control and the third experimental groups is most likely associated with the action of sex hormones and castration of hogs.

The safety of the piglets of the experimental groups for the period of the experiment was the same and exceeded the control indicator by 4.7%.

The minimum amount of milk was produced by sows of the first control group. In sows of the second experimental group, the milk yield was maximum and exceeded the result of the first control group by 8.5%, in the third experimental group the milk yield was higher than in the control by 4.7%.

The time spent on behavioral acts was recorded for three nests of each group during the first two days after rearrangement of suckling piglets. After calculating the time for individual behavioral acts, a quantitative assessment of behavior was carried out by calculating the index of functional activity. From the diagram (see drawing) it is seen that the newborn sucking piglets of the second and third experimental groups, unlike the analogues from the first control group, spent less time resting by 18.1-7.9%, but moved and sucked the sow more by 35.5-19.4% and 39.32-31.7%, respectively.

Observation of piglets in the first days after transferring to the workshop for growing and combining several nests in new groups of 25 goals showed that during the first days the pigs of the second and third experimental groups had less floor curtains and fewer scratches on the skin of piglets and wounds, less often there were fights and skirmishes. Consequently, adaptive responses and social ranking were less pronounced.

The proposed method for growing pigs contributes to a more relaxed social situation in the nest, reduces the negative consequences of rank-based behavioral reactions between strong and large boars and weak smaller pigs, since leadership in the nest is determined by the size and strength of the animal. The method reduces factors that adversely affect the viability, growth and development of young animals, prevents stagnation of milk in unoccupied udder slices, the development of mastitis and other diseases of the mammary gland of sows.

Table 1 Scheme of the experiment Group The method of forming groups The number of goals in the nest grunts pigs Total 1-control Boars and pigs grown without regrouping 5 5 10 2-experienced Pigs from different nests - 10 10 3 experienced Boars from different nests 10 - 10

table 2 Indicators of live weight, the safety of piglets and milk yield of sows Indicator Group 1-control 2-experienced 3 experienced The average live weight of one head of piglets at weaning in 40 days, kg 9.737 ± 0.420 10,224 ± 0,220 9.755 ± 0.220 The number of piglets at the end of the experiment, goal. 28 29th 29th Preservation,% 93.3 98.0 98.0 Milk sows, kg 53.5 ± 2.13 58.5 ± 1.91 56.0 ± 2.33

Claims (1)

A method of growing piglets, including keeping them in nests with a sow, and after weaning from sows in groups formed by sex, characterized in that immediately after the farrowing, all pigs are taken away from sows, the number of functioning - lactating nipples is determined from sows, new nests are formed piglets, with the separation of sucking piglets by sex; the number of boars or pigs in the new nests corresponds to the number of functioning - lactating nipples in sows; after weaning from sows, the nests of piglets are combined into groups comprising at least two nests of same-sex piglets.

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