RU2487998C2 - Method for underground mining of vein deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: ore bodies mining is carried out in three stages. At the first stage the balance reserves of the block are either limited by stretching with ore collars and are mined in horizontal layers, or with vertical cutbacks, or, in case of high content of a useful component in balance reserves of veins, ore collars are replaced into artificial ones, which are erected before start of block mining, the size of which along the line of vein stretching is determined on the condition of productive solutions losses at the stage of leaching. At the second stage to the created breaking space used a compensation one, in the entire area of the breaking block they break off-balance reserves of mineralised country rocks in hanging and lying sides of the block by means of serial simultaneous explosion of layers at the side of the hanging and lying side towards to each other. Thickness of the breaking space of the bed broken at each side is determined according to the formula. At the third stage they perform hydraulic insulation of lower horizon mines, useful components are withdrawn from the broken mineralised country rocks of the hanging and lying sides by the leaching method, and rock mass is left for filling of the mined space.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase completeness of deposit reserves withdrawal.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mining and, in particular, to the underground mining of vein deposits, represented by complex veins having mineralization in the host rocks.

There is a method of underground mining of complex cores with a gross recess of the balance part of the reserves of the core [1]. The disadvantage of this method is that in the presence of mineralization in the host rocks, this part of the potential reserves is irreversibly lost after mining the ore vein.

The closest to the technical nature and the achieved results is a method of developing deposits with block leaching of the useful component (prototype) [2]. The disadvantage of this method is the low, in comparison with the processing concentrating hydrometallurgical enterprises, the coefficient of extraction of the useful component during underground leaching of the entire volume of ore reserves.

The aim of the invention is to increase the completeness of the extraction of reserves of deposits represented by complex veins occurring in mineralized host rocks. This goal is achieved by the fact that the development of ore bodies of such deposits are carried out in three stages. At the first stage, the balance reserves of the block, limited by strike by ore pillars, are worked out by one of the known methods, for example, by a continuous development system with ore breaking by vertical sections from the uprising ones. At the second stage, off-balance reserves of mineralized enclosing rocks in the hanging and lying sides of the block are beaten off over the entire treatment area of the formed treatment space, which is used as a compensation space, by successively blasting the layers from the side of the hanging and lying sides towards each other, while the total thickness of the layers drilled mineralized host rocks, cut from the side of the hanging and lying sides, determined by the conditions for filling the treatment space according to the formula:

, $${\displaystyle \sum M_P}=\frac{M_B}{{\mathrm{to}}_R-\mathrm{one}}$$

,

- суммарная толщина слоев обуренных оруденелых вмещающих пород, прирезаемых со стороны висячего и лежачего бока, м; М_Б - ширина очистного пространства, м; к_р - коэффициент разрыхления при взрывном разрушении оруденелых вмещающих пород, ед.Where $${\displaystyle \sum M_P}$$

- the total thickness of the layers of drilled mineralized enclosing rocks, cut from the side of the hanging and lying side, m; M _B - the width of the treatment space, m; to _p is the coefficient of loosening during explosive destruction of mineralized host rocks, units

To obtain the effect of additional crushing of the beaten mineralized host rocks to a particle size that provides effective leaching, due to the use of kinetic energy of impact during the oncoming movement of the beaten mineralized host rocks, the thickness of the beat off from each side of the treatment space of the layer is determined by the formula:

, м $$W_P=q^{\mathrm{one}/3}\cos (90-\alpha )\frac{\sqrt[\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000011.png,00000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}]{A}}{\sqrt[2m]{\frac{3\delta }{2\gamma d}}}$$

, m

where W _P - the thickness of the beating layer, m; A is a coefficient depending on the properties of the material being destroyed, units; m is a coefficient depending on the type of explosives, units; γ is the volumetric weight of the material to be destroyed, unit; d is the average diameter of the piece during crushing for leaching, m; δ is the specific energy consumption for the formation of a new surface, J / m ² ; q is the specific charge energy, J / m; α is the angle of incidence of the ore body, deg.

At the third stage, waterproofing the workings of the lower horizon is carried out, useful components are removed from the broken off mineralized enclosing rocks of the hanging and lying sides by the known leaching method and the rock mass is left as a bookmark for the worked out space.

When mining veins with high quality of ore in the balance part of the reserves, when losses in ore inter-block pillars are not economically feasible, artificial pillars are erected before the block is mined on both sides along its borders using one of the known methods, for example, by working out the balance part of the reserves of a core using a continuous development system ore breaking by vertical sections from the uprising followed by hardening laying. The size of these pillars along the line of the vein stretch is determined from the condition of preventing the loss of productive solutions at the leaching stage:

L _P = 2k _f T _in (Hh),

where L _P - the size of the pillars along the line of the veins, m; to _f is the filtration coefficient of the productive solution for the pillar material; T _in - leaching time of the block, days .; H and h - respectively, the height of the floor and floor workings, m.

The size of the pillar across the strike is equal to the width of the treatment space when working out the balance part of the core reserves.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the treatment unit at the first stage of development with ore inter-block pillars. Figure 2 shows a vertical section of the treatment unit at the first stage of development. Figure 3 shows a vertical section of the treatment unit with a layer-by-layer counter-breaking of the layers from the side of the hanging and lying sides towards each other in the second stage of mining the unit. In FIG. 4 shows a general view of the treatment unit in the third stage of its development by leaching. Figure 5 shows a vertical section of a block after leaching of a useful component from mineralized host rocks at the third stage of mining the block, leaving the rock mass as a bookmark. Figure 6 shows the formation of an artificial interunit pillar.

The method of underground mining of vein deposits contains the upper 1 and lower 2 storeys, an ore core 3, a balance part of the vein reserves 4, off-balance mineralized host rocks 5, a treatment block 6, ore interunit pillars 7, rebellion 8, beaten ore 9, drill cuttings 10, treatment space 11, blast holes 12, deflected layers 13, broken off mineralized host rocks 14, waterproofing lintels 15, leach solution 16, productive solution 17, bookmark 18, artificial pillar 19, hardening bookmark 20.

The method is as follows. After driving the upper 1 and lower 2 storey workings, the ore core 3, consisting of the balance part of the reserves of the core 4 and the off-balance mineralized host rocks 5, is divided into treatment blocks 6 with ore interunit pillars 7. The balance part of the reserves 4 of the core 3 is worked out using one of the known methods, for example, a continuous development system with breaking the ore with vertical cuts from the rising 8 (figure 1). Simultaneously with the development of the balance part of the reserves of 4 veins 3 or after it from drilling dispersions 10, the mineralized host rocks are drilled with 5 blast holes 12 on both sides of the balance part of the reserves of 4 veins 3. The total thickness of the layers of buried mineralized host rocks 5 cut from the hanging and lying sides sides, determined by the conditions for filling the treatment space 11 by the formula:

, $${\displaystyle \sum M_P}=\frac{M_B}{{\mathrm{to}}_R-\mathrm{one}}$$

,

- суммарная толщина слоев обуренных оруденелых вмещающих пород, прирезаемых со стороны висячего и лежачего бока, м; М_Б - ширина очистного пространства, м; к_р - коэффициент разрыхления при взрывном разрушении оруденелых вмещающих пород, ед. (фиг.2).Where $${\displaystyle \sum M_P}$$

- the total thickness of the layers of drilled mineralized enclosing rocks, cut from the side of the hanging and lying side, m; M _B - the width of the treatment space, m; to _p is the coefficient of loosening during explosive destruction of mineralized host rocks, units (figure 2).

After the development of the balance part of the reserves 4 of the core 3 and the release of the beaten ore 9 are completed, blasting holes 12 are charged and the mineralized host rocks 5 are started to be broken off in succession with layers 13 on both sides of the treatment space 11 towards each other (Fig. 3). To obtain the effect of additional crushing of the beaten mineralized host rocks 5 to a particle size that provides effective leaching, due to the use of kinetic energy of impact during the oncoming movement of beaten mineralized host rocks 14, the thickness of the beat off from each side of the treatment space 11 of the layer 13 is determined by the formula:

, м $$W_P=q^{\mathrm{one}/3}\cos (90-\alpha )\frac{\sqrt[\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000011.png,00000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}]{A}}{\sqrt[2m]{\frac{3\delta }{2\gamma d}}}$$

, m

where W _P - the thickness of the beating layer, m; A is a coefficient depending on the properties of the material being destroyed, units; m is a coefficient depending on the type of explosives, units; γ is the volumetric weight of the material to be destroyed, unit; d is the average diameter of the piece during crushing for leaching, m; δ is the specific energy consumption for the formation of a new surface, J / m ² ; q is the specific charge energy, J / m; α is the angle of incidence of the ore body, deg.

After breaking off the mineralized enclosing rocks 5 on both sides of the treatment space 11, waterproofing jumpers 75 are installed on the lower 2 floor mine and the treatment unit 6 is filled with leach solution 16 for the period required by the leaching conditions, after which the resulting productive solution 17 is drained from the treatment unit 6 and sent for further processing (figure 4), leaving the broken enclosing rocks 14 as a bookmark 18 (figure 5).

When mining lived 3 with high quality ore in the balance part of reserves 4, when losses in ore inter-block pillars 7 are economically unacceptable, artificial pillars 19 are erected before block 6 on both sides along its borders by one of the known methods, for example, by working out the balance part of reserves 4 veins 3 with a continuous development system with ore breaking by vertical sections from the insurgents followed by a hardening tab 20 (Fig. 6). The size of these pillars along the line of strike of the vein (L _P ) is determined from the condition for preventing the loss of productive solutions at the leaching stage:

L _P = 2k _f T _in (Hh),

where k _f is the filtration coefficient of the productive solution for the pillar material; T _at - leaching time of the block, days .; H and h - respectively, the height of the floor and floor workings, m.

The size of the pillar across the strike is equal to the width of the treatment space when working out the balance part of the core reserves.

Information sources

1. Agoshkov M.I., Mukhin M.E., Nazarchik A.F., Mamsurov L.A., Rafienko D.I. Residential development systems. M .: Gosgortekhizdat, 1960.376 s. (p. 99 fig. 49).

2. Krotkov V.V., Lobanov D.P., Nesterov Yu.V., Abdulmanov I.G. Mining and chemical technology for uranium mining. M .: GEOS, 2001.368 s. (p. 92-94).

Claims (1)

The method of underground mining of vein deposits occurring in mineralized host rocks, extraction blocks with inter-block pillars, including preparation, cutting, treatment excavation, ore delivery and rock pressure control, characterized in that the block is mined in three stages: at the first stage, the balance block reserves are either limited along strike by ore pillars and mined by horizontal layers or vertical sections, or, with a high content of useful component in the balance reserves of veins, ore e pillars are replaced by artificial ones, which are erected before the block is developed, while the size of pillars along the line of stretching of the veins is determined by the formula:
L _P = 2k _f T _in (Hh), m,
where L _P - the size of the pillars along the line of the veins, m;
to _f - filtration coefficient for the material of the pillar, units .;
T _in - leaching time of a single block, days;
H - floor height, m;
h is the height of the floor output, m;
and the size across the strike is taken equal to the width of the treatment space M _B , when mining the balance part of the vein reserves, at the second stage, off-balance reserves of mineralized enclosing rocks in the hanging and lying sides of the block are beaten off over the entire area of the treatment block consecutive blasting of layers from the side of the hanging and lying side towards each other, while the total thickness of the layers of buried mineralized host rocks cut from the side of the yachego and footwall, determined according to the conditions of filling the cleaning space according to the formula:
$${\displaystyle \sum M_P}=\frac{M_B}{{\mathrm{to}}_R-\mathrm{one}},$$

Where $${\displaystyle \sum M_P},$$

- the total thickness of the layers of drilled mineralized
enclosing rocks, cut from the side of the hanging and lying side, m;
M _B - the width of the treatment space, m;
to _p is the coefficient of loosening during explosive destruction of mineralized host rocks, units,
and additional crushing of the beaten mineralized host rocks to a particle size that provides effective leaching is ensured by using the kinetic energy of impact during the oncoming movement of the beaten mineralized host rocks, for which the thickness of the layer beaten off from each side of the treatment space is determined by the formula:
$$W_P=q^{\mathrm{one}/3}\cos (90-\alpha )\frac{\sqrt[m]{A}}{\sqrt[2m]{\frac{3\delta }{2\gamma d}}},m,$$

where W _P - the thickness of the beating layer, m;
A is a coefficient depending on the properties of the material being destroyed, units;
m is a coefficient depending on the type of explosives, units;
γ is the volumetric weight of the material to be destroyed, unit;
d is the average diameter of the piece during crushing for leaching, m;
δ is the specific energy consumption for the formation of a new surface, J / m;
q is the specific charge energy, J / m;
α is the angle of incidence of the ore body, degrees;
at the third stage, waterproofing the workings of the lower horizon is carried out, useful components are extracted from the broken off mineralized enclosing rocks of the hanging and lying sides by the known leaching method and the rock mass is left as a bookmark for the worked out space.

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