RU2487925C1 - Fat-containing wastes processing line - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: proposed line comprises stock intake container with coarse filter at its outlet and pump communicated via pipelines, sequentially mounted strainer, centrifuge, separator, finished product collection tank and fat catch basin. Both stock intake container and finished product collection tank are connected with steam generator boiler and equipped with steam control valves and accessories to heat and maintain water-fat emulsion temperature of 90-95°C, steam jacket. Note that said line includes three stock intake containers and three finished product collection tanks equipped with mixers. Aforesaid container is composed of three-phase decanter. Said fat catch basin comprises reinforced concrete parallelepiped-shaped body with inclined bottom and vertical walls atop which detachable false deck is mounted to be removed in removal of supernatant mass layer. Detachable lower false deck is arranged under said upper false deck at distance of at least 30 cm there under to allow routine services or elimination of emergent conditions brought about by shock outbursts. Box adjoins one of vertical walls for fat catch basin reconditioning by hot water or steam, or mechanically in case pipeline to discharge effluents if sewerage is clogged. Effluents feed pipeline is arranged opposite said box on vertical wall. Intake hole for discharge of effluents is arranged at container bottom nearby emergency effluents discharge valve if sewerage is clogged. Vibrators are mounted on one of vertical walls and body bottom with their outputs connected with control unit.

EFFECT: perfected operating performances.

1 dwg

Description

The invention is aimed at creating an environmentally friendly and industrially applicable technological line capable of ensuring the separation of fat with the necessary efficiency, easy to manufacture, operate and repair.

The closest to the claimed object in technical essence is the installation of non-reactive breakdown of fats (RF Patent 2175001, priority from 03/21/2000, IPC СВВ 13/00, publ. 10/20/2001 - prototype), which includes sequentially installed and communicated between a piping system of an autoclave, a pressure reducer, a sump in the form of a cylindrical tank, equipped with a lid and a bottom and connected through a ventilation system to the atmosphere, a grease trap, condensate and glycerin water collectors. The installation is equipped with three shell-and-tube heat exchangers installed in series, a jet pump and a bubbler filter communicating the settler with the ventilation system, while the pipeline connecting the pressure reducer to the settler is equipped with a jacket with refrigerant inlet and outlet fittings. Moreover, the sump is sealed and equipped with samplers made in the form of siphon tubes, one ends of which are equipped with three-way valves, and the opposite ones are inserted through the lid into the sump and are placed at different distances from its bottom.

The disadvantages include the need to break down fats in an autoclave at a temperature of 225 ° C and pressure up to 25 atm, which increases capital and production costs.

The difference between the claimed object and analogues known from the prior art is that the proposed technical solution discloses the possibilities of effective fat separation without the use of chemical reactions and high temperatures, which significantly reduces costs and ensures compliance with sanitary conditions of work in production.

The sequential installation of equipment for the processing of fat-containing waste, interconnected by a sealed piping system, can reduce environmental risks during the operation of the production line.

A technically achievable result is an increase in the efficiency of the automatic production line, as well as simplification of the design, ease of operation and repair.

This is achieved by solving the problem of processing fat-containing waste using a line including a tank connected to each other by a pipeline system for receiving raw materials with a coarse filter installed at the outlet, pumps and a strainer, centrifuge, separator, and a tank for collecting finished products in series and a grease trap, and containers for receiving raw materials and for collecting finished products are connected to a steam boiler and are respectively equipped with steam fittings for heating and maintaining the temperature one-fat emulsion of 90-95 ° C and a steam jacket. In addition, the line is equipped with three containers for receiving raw materials and three containers for collecting finished products. In addition, containers for receiving raw materials and for collecting finished products are equipped with mixers. In addition, the centrifuge is made in the form of a three-phase decanter.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the workshop for the processing of fat-containing waste, equipped with two processing lines for the processing of fat-containing waste, figure 2 is a diagram of a grease trap.

In graphic materials, the corresponding structural elements of the technological line for the processing of fat-containing waste are indicated by the following positions:

1 - capacity for receiving raw materials; 2 - coarse filter; 3 - pump; 4 - grease trap; 5 - filler neck; 6 - hot water tank for cleaning equipment; 7 - steam boiler; 8 - strainer; 9 - centrifuge (three-phase decanter); 10 - intermediate capacity; 11 - the capacity of the finished product; 12 - pump; 13 - separator; 14 - drain pipe.

The technological line for the processing of fat-containing wastes (Fig. 1) includes a tank 1 connected to each other by a piping system with a coarse filter 2 installed at the outlet, a pump 3 and a strainer 8, a centrifuge 9, a separator 13, and a collecting tank 11 installed in series finished products and grease trap 4. The centrifuge 9 can be made in the form of a three-phase decanter.

The tank 1 for receiving raw materials is equipped with steam fittings (not shown in the drawing) for heating and maintaining the temperature of the water-in-oil emulsion 90-95 ° C and is connected to the boiler-steam generator 7. It is possible to install the mixer inside the tank 1.

The tank 11 for finished products is also connected to the boiler-steam generator 7 and is equipped with a steam jacket (not shown).

When equipping a workshop for the processing of fat-containing waste (see the attached drawing), it is advisable that each processing line for the processing of fat-containing waste be equipped with three tanks 1 for receiving raw materials (V = 10 tons) and three tanks 11 for collecting finished products (V = 3 tons )

The grease trap (figure 2) contains a reinforced concrete case made in the form of a parallelepiped having an inclined base 15 (bottom), vertical walls 16, 17 and two end walls (not falling into the section shown in the drawing). A removable upper deck 18 is mounted on top of the casing, which is removed when the pop-up mass is removed, and under it at a distance of not less than 30 cm, a removable lower deck 19 is also mounted for preventive maintenance, or to eliminate the emergency situation in case of volley emissions. A box 20 is adjacent to one of the vertical walls for regeneration of the grease trap with hot water or steam, or by mechanical means (such as a cable), in case of clogging of the pipeline 24 for discharging sewage into the sewer.

Opposite box 20 on a vertical wall 16 is a pipe 23 for supplying wastewater. An intake hole 8 for discharging wastewater is located in the lower part of the housing, next to the emergency valve 21 for discharging the drain, in the event of clogging of the intake hole 22. On one and the vertical walls and bottom of the housing, vibrators 25 and 26 are mounted, the outputs of which are connected to the control unit 27 , which serve to intensify the washing of the bottom and the walls of the housing from the settled colloidal suspension.

Technological line for the processing of fat-containing waste is as follows.

The delivery of fat-containing waste is carried out in tank trucks. Drainage is carried out through the filler neck 5, by the pressure created in the tanker. Fat-containing waste arrives in tank 1 for subsequent storage, heating and processing. Product level is controlled by the operator through the measuring tube.

At the beginning of the processing process, the fat-containing waste is heated by supplying steam from the steam boiler to the tank 1 with the product, the temperature is controlled by thermometers mounted in the tank. When the temperature reaches 50-60 ° C, the pump AWZH-130 is turned on, for circulation and change in the water-in-oil emulsion. Warming up is carried out to 90-95 ° C. After heating, the water-in-oil emulsion is fed to the sequentially installed strainer 8, the centrifuge 9 and the separator 13. The main task of the strainer 8 is to filter out household garbage accidentally caught in the water-oil emulsion. The OGSh-321U-01 centrifuge (decanter X 438-11G) is designed to separate the insoluble solid phase and pulp and provide an effective solution to the problem of dehydration of fat-containing waste. Decanter centrifuges 9 can reduce waste to a minimum and use water for recycling. Decanters are also used to remove sludge from liquids before cleaning in a centrifugal separator. The fat separator RT-OM-4.6M (separator AFPX) performs the final cleaning and dehydration of the emulsion.

Grease catcher works as follows.

Grease traps are used to trap fat from the wastewater of meat processing plants, canteens, restaurants and factory kitchens with the purpose of its subsequent utilization, in which the trapped mass floats to the surface, from where it is removed manually or mechanically, therefore, a hole 22 for discharging the grease-free wastewater is disposed at the bottom of the grease trap body. Opposite box 20 on a vertical wall 16 is a pipe 23 for supplying wastewater. An intake opening 22 for discharging wastewater is located in the lower part of the housing, next to the emergency valve 21 for discharging the drain, in the event of a clogging of the intake opening 22. Vibrators 25 and 26 are mounted on one and the vertical walls and bottom of the housing, the outputs of which are connected to the control unit 27 , which serve to intensify the washing of the bottom and the walls of the housing from the settled colloidal suspension.

After processing, they receive a product - technical grade 3 fat in accordance with GOST 1045-73.

The fat obtained as a result of separation from the intermediate tank 10 is pumped by pump 3 to the storage tank 11 of the finished product, and the water from the centrifuge and separator is sent through the drain pipe 14 to the grease trap 4 and then to the treatment facilities of the city. From the finished product tank 11, the technical fat is packed into any container at the request of the customer (polyester bags, plastic or metal tanks, barrels, etc.). Packed fat in a tightly closed container is transferred to a cold warehouse, where it is stored until shipped to the consumer. The fat-containing emulsion accumulated in the grease trap is pumped out and sent to the tank 1 for receiving raw materials for processing.

The proposed technical solution allows to minimize environmental risk and the likelihood of environmental pollution.

Claims (1)

A technological line for the processing of fat-containing waste, including a tank connected to each other by a piping system with a coarse filter installed at the outlet, pumps and a strainer, centrifuge, separator, and also a tank for collecting finished products and a grease trap, and tanks for receiving raw materials and for the collection of finished products are connected to a steam boiler and are respectively equipped with steam fittings for heating and maintaining the temperature of the water-in-oil emulsion 90-95 ° C and steam shirt, equipped with three containers for receiving raw materials and three containers for collecting finished products, and containers for receiving raw materials and for collecting finished products are equipped with mixers, and the centrifuge is made in the form of a three-phase decanter, characterized in that the grease trap contains a reinforced concrete body made in the form a parallelepiped having an inclined bottom with vertical walls, on top of which a removable floor is mounted, which is removed when the pop-up mass is removed, and under the upper floor, at a distance of at least 30 cm, it is mounted a removable lower floor for preventive maintenance, or to eliminate the emergency in case of volley emissions, and a box for regenerating the grease trap with hot water or steam, or mechanical means, in case of a clogging of the pipeline for discharging sewage into the sewer, adjoins one of the vertical walls opposite the box on the vertical wall there is a pipeline for supplying wastewater, and an intake opening for discharging wastewater is located in the lower part of the housing, next to the emergency valve for discharge as a drain, in the case of a clogged intake hole, while on one of the vertical walls and the bottom of the body mounted vibrators, the outputs of which are connected to the control unit.

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