RU2335531C1 - Device and method of processing of spent detergents and lubricants generated in washing of wheelset boxes and railway rolling stock units - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: installation for processing of spent detergents and lubricants contains appliance (5) with vertical cylindrical casing, cover and conical bottom, heating elements, nozzles (17) and (18) in top part of appliance for bleeding of settled soap and oil, tap for bleeding of sludge in bottom part of appliance, installation also includes unit for collection and settling of detergents, which includes reservoir (7) for collection and settling of soap, conveyer (16) with metering device for soap dispensing, unit for collection and settling of oil, which includes reservoir (3) for collection and settling, device (19) for oil dispensing into tare, unit for sludge collection, which includes reservoir (11) for sludge collection, conveyer (12) for sludge dispensing into molds and drying chamber (13) with heating element, unit of emulsion collection, which includes reservoir (8) for collection and settling of emulsion, and also reservoir (10) for collection of emulsion, device (15) for emulsion dispensing into tare, pump (1) for water supply into appliance (5) and pumping of water with emulsion into reservoir (8). Method is also suggested for processing of mentioned solutions and lubricants.

EFFECT: increase of efficiency and simplification of process.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a technique and method for processing waste detergent solutions and lubricants formed by washing axle boxes and washing nodes of the rolling stock of railways.

When repairing axleboxes of wheelsets, as well as other nodes of the rolling stock of railways, it is necessary to clean them of grease and dirt with detergents.

A large amount of spent cleaning solutions accumulates in the depot, which must be disposed of.

A known method of purification of soapstone liquors (1), including processing soapstone liquor with soluble aluminum salts, adsorption to aluminum hydroxide and ester-soluble substances and separating the precipitate formed.

The difference is that the soap base liquor is pre-acidified by electrolysis of the salt it contains to pH 12, then the released fatty substances are separated, the acid-free acid-free solution is treated with galvanic pair aluminum and iron with flotation of coagulated colloidal substances and the aqueous phase is alkalized by electrolysis, followed by separation of the hydroxide aluminum with substances adsorbed on it.

Moreover, chlorine released during the electrolysis is used to neutralize soda products of soapstone liquor.

To use this invention for the disposal of waste detergents and oils is difficult due to the large volume of waste substances.

There is a device for separating fat from water (2), which includes a housing with an inclined bottom, a shell located in the housing, made in the form of a truncated cone facing a smaller base to the bottom, a fat separator installed inside the shell, which is a glass located upside down, and nozzles for supplying a water-fat mass, draining fat and draining water.

The device is also equipped with a distribution tray, the shape of which is similar to the shape of the shell mounted concentrically last in its lower part and having a bottom inclined toward the shell, while the pipe for supplying the water-fat mass is in communication with the distribution tray, and in the shell wall at the level of the pipe for drain located hole for drainage.

A nozzle for supplying a water-fat mass is located tangentially to the generatrix of the tray, and an opening for cleaning the device is made in the bottom of the latter.

This invention solves only one narrow problem of separating fat from water, and does not solve the problem of the entire complex of work on the processing of waste substances.

There is an installation for non-reactive breakdown of fats (3), which includes sequentially installed and interconnected piping systems of an autoclave, a pressure reducer, a settling tank in the form of a cylindrical tank equipped with a lid and a bottom and connected through an ventilation system to the atmosphere, a grease trap, condensate and glycerin water collectors.

The installation is equipped with three sequentially installed shell-and-belt heat exchangers, a jet pump and a bubbler filter, which communicate with the sump to the ventilation system, while the pipeline connecting the pressure reducer to the sump is equipped with a jacket with refrigerant inlet and outlet fittings. Moreover, the sump is sealed and equipped with samplers made in the form of siphon tubes, one ends of which are equipped with three-way valves, and the opposite ones are inserted through the lid into the sump and are placed at different distances from its bottom.

The disadvantages include the need to break down fats in an autoclave at a temperature of 225 ° C and a pressure of up to 25 atm, which increases capital and production costs.

The closest in design is the installation for extracting fatty acids from soap stock (4), which includes a reactor with a vertical cylindrical body, a cover and a conical bottom, a separator communicated through an ejector and a vertical pipe with a bubbler filter, water supply lines, feedstock, acid, drainage of industrial waters with a grease trap and discharge of fatty acids. The installation also has an acid supply line of a sealed container, with a vertical pipe in it, inlet and outlet pipes for eliminating gas emissions, while the inlet and outlet pipes are placed coost in the upper part of the sealed container.

The vertical pipe is connected to the branch pipe and is designed so that its lower cut is placed from the axis of the pipes at a distance equal to 28-32 pipe diameters.

The grease trap is equipped with a manhole with a sealed lid and a viewing window and is connected to the ejector.

The proposed installation is designed to extract fatty acids using a chemical reaction with sulfuric acid and reduce gas emissions in production. The disadvantage of this installation is the use of sulfuric acid, which complicates the installation and increases the cost of the process.

The aim of our invention is the separation of oils, soap, sludge and water, by specific gravity, without the use of chemical reactions, which significantly reduces costs and ensure compliance with sanitary conditions of work in production.

The task is achieved by the fact that the installation and method for processing waste detergent solutions and lubricants is developed.

The installation is a device with a vertical body, a cover and a conical bottom, heating elements, there are nozzles,

in the upper part of the apparatus for the selection of settled soap and oil, a crane for the selection of sludge in the lower part of the apparatus, the installation also includes a unit for collecting and sediment washing solutions, which includes a container for collecting and sediment soap, a conveyor with a dispenser for soap spill, assembly for collecting and sludge oil, which includes a container for collecting and sludge, a device for pouring oil into containers, a unit for collecting sludge, which includes a container for collecting sludge, a conveyor for pouring sludge into molds and a drying chamber with a heating element, an emulsion collecting unit, a cat The second one includes a container for collecting and settling emulsion, as well as a container for collecting emulsion, a device for pouring the emulsion into a container, a pump for supplying water to the apparatus and pumping water with the emulsion into the container.

A method of processing waste detergent solutions and lubricants includes supplying waste detergent solutions, lubricant and water to the apparatus, turning on the heating elements, heating the substances contained in the apparatus to a boil, holding at the boiling temperature until the substances are separated into fractions, then turning off the heating elements, settling the substances up to complete separation into fractions, supplying water under pressure from below to the apparatus and squeezing oil through a pipe into a container for collecting and settling oil, squeezing through another patter a soap side into a container for collecting and settling soap, then collecting the sludge from the apparatus and a container for collecting spent washing solution, pouring it into molds, drying it for burning, and then pumping the remaining water and emulsion into a tank for settling; after settling, the emulsion is squeezed and poured into packaging, and water is reused.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing. The drawing shows a General diagram of a device for processing waste detergent solutions of lubricants.

A device for processing waste materials includes:

- capacity 6 for storage of spent lubricant;

- a container 9 for storing spent washing solution;

- apparatus 5 for separating the solution into fractions, equipped with heating elements 2, a hatch 4 for loading waste substances, pipes for the selection of washing solutions 17 and oil 18;

- node collection, sludge spent washing solutions, including a container 7 for collecting and sludge soap, a conveyor with a dispenser for soap dispensing 16;

- collection unit, oil sludge, including a tank 3 for collecting and sludge oil; an oil spill device 19;

- a sludge collection unit, including a sludge collection tank 11, a conveyor 12 for mold casting and a drying chamber 13 with a heating element 14;

- emulsion collection unit, including a pump 1 for pumping, a device 15 for pouring the emulsion into a container;

- cranes B1, B2, B3, B4, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10.

The implementation of the claimed method is as follows. In the apparatus 5 through the mouth serves spent detergent solutions from the tank 9, through the hatch 4 the spent lubricant from the tank 6, the apparatus 5 is tightly closed.

Then the pump 1 fills the apparatus with water from the line or with settled water from the tank 8 to the control level (the level gauge is not shown in the diagram).

Then, heating elements 2 are turned on and the mixture of spent detergent solutions, oils and water is heated to a boil.

In this mode, the specified mixture is maintained until the start of separation into fractions (components).

At the boiling point, the spent lubricant becomes liquid and the main component of the lubricant, the mixture of petroleum oils begins to float, and the sludge goes down the apparatus 5, and in the spent washing solution, the soap starts to float and the sludge goes down.

As soon as the separation into components is started, the heating elements 2 are turned off and the contents in the apparatus 5 are defended until they are completely separated into fractions (oil, soap, water and sludge) by specific gravity.

Then, through the valve B1, pump 1 serves water from below into the apparatus 5 and gradually squeezes the lightest fraction - oil through the nozzle 18 until soap appears in the control window, after which the valve B5 is closed.

The oil is poured into the container 3, then through the valve B4 and the device 19 are poured into the container.

After draining the oil, tap B6 is opened and soap is squeezed out through the nozzle 17 (until the emulsion appears in the control window) into a container 7, then soap is poured through molds B9 through the tap. After draining the soap, open the tap B2 and lower the sludge accumulated in the lower part of the apparatus 5 and feed it into the container 11.

In the vessel 9, delamination also occurs, the sludge accumulates in the lower part of the vessel 9, it is also fed into the vessel 11.

The collected sludge in the tank 11 on the conveyor 12 is poured into molds and fed into the drying chamber 13, the heating elements 14 are turned on. The dried sludge is burned in the furnaces.

After draining the sludge from the apparatus 5, turn off the valve B2, open the valve B1 and use the pump 1 to pump water with emulsion into the tank 8. Further separation occurs in the tank 8, the emulsion floats, the water remains below. After the separation, in the upper part of the apparatus 8, an emulsion layer is formed. By squeezing water from the bottom of the apparatus 8, the suspension is poured into the container 10, then through the valve B10, the container is poured into the container 15 for further use in production.

Water from the tank 8 is reused for supply to the apparatus 5 or for the preparation of solutions.

The taps are used: B3 - to drain the soap if it enters the tank 3, B7 - to reuse water in the apparatus 5, B8 - to drain the water in case of additional sludge.

The proposed method was tested both in laboratory conditions, as well as in a depot and gave good results.

Literature

1. RF patent No. 2103339, IPC СВВ 13/00, the date of filing the application 03.04.1996

2. RF patent No. 2034912, IPC СВВ 13/00, the filing date of the application is April 9, 1991.

3. RF patent No. 2175001, IPC СВВ 13/00, application filing date 03/21/2000

4. RF patent No. 2073699, IPC СВВ 13/02, the filing date of the application is January 26, 1993.

Claims (2)

1. Installation for processing waste washing solutions and lubricants, comprising an apparatus (5) with a vertical cylindrical body, a cover and a conical bottom, heating elements, nozzles (17) and (18) in the upper part of the apparatus for selecting settled soap and oil, with a tap for sludge collection in the lower part of the apparatus, the installation also includes a unit for collecting and sedimenting washing solutions, which includes a container (7) for collecting and settling soap, a conveyor (16) with a soap dispenser, and a unit for collecting and sedimenting oil, which includes a tank (3) to collect and sludge, a device (19) for pouring oil into containers, a sludge collection unit, which includes a container (11) for collecting sludge, a conveyor (12) for pouring sludge into molds and a drying chamber (13) with a heating element, an emulsion collecting unit which includes a container (8) for collecting and settling the emulsion, as well as a container (10) for collecting the emulsion, a device (15) for pouring the emulsion into a container, a pump (1) for supplying water to the apparatus (5) and pumping water with the emulsion into the container (8). 2. A method for processing waste detergent solutions and lubricants, including supplying waste detergent solutions, lubricant and water to the apparatus, turning on the heating elements, heating the substances contained in the apparatus to a boil, holding at the boiling temperature until the substances are separated into fractions, and then turning off the heating elements, sedimentation of substances until complete separation into fractions, supplying water under pressure from below to the apparatus and squeezing oil through a pipe into a container for collecting and settling oil, squeezing out through another a soap nozzle into a container for collecting and settling soap, then collecting sludge from the apparatus and a container for collecting spent washing solution, pouring it into molds, drying it for burning, and then pumping the remaining water and emulsion into a tank for settling; after settling, the emulsion is squeezed and poured into packaging, and water is reused.