RU2485754C1 - Method of forecasting of storage of fruit and berries (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of agriculture, in particular, to fruit growing. The method comprises determining the quantities of natural weight loss of control fruits and berries under conditions of cold storage during the control time period after ripening and harvesting them in the summer-autumn period. In the method according to the first version the total value of glucose and fructose in the wood tissues of grafts of fruit and berry crops in the winter-spring period which precedes the summer period of growing fruits and berries, ripening and harvesting in the summer-autumn period, is determined. The dependences of values of natural weight loss in control fruits and berries under conditions of cold storage on the total value of glucose and fructose in the wood tissues of grafts of fruit and berry crops are obtained, in which the minimum quantities of natural weight loss correspond to the maximum values of total glucose and fructose in wood tissues of grafts, corresponding to long-term storability. The maximum values of the natural weight loss correspond to the minimum total values of glucose and fructose in the wood tissues of grafts, correspond to the short-term storability. According to the second version the sucrose content in wood tissues of grafts of fruit and berry crops in the winter-spring period is determined, the dependences of values of natural weight loss in control fruits and berries under conditions of cold storage on the content of sucrose in the wood tissues of grafts of fruit and berry crops are obtained, in which the minimum values of natural weight loss correspond to the maximum sucrose content in wood tissues of grafts, corresponding to long-term storability. The maximum values of natural weight loss correspond to the minimum sucrose content in wood tissues of grafts, corresponding to short-term storability. At that, the subsequent prediction of storage of fruit and berry production is carried out according to determining the total value of glucose and fructose or sucrose content in wood tissues of grafts of fruit and berry crops in the winter-spring periods.EFFECT: inventions enable to reduce the time of placement of fruit and berries for storage, provide early prediction of storage of fruit and berry products long before the ripening of fruits and berries.2 cl, 4 dwg, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to fruit growing, and can be used to predict storage of fruits and berries 6-8 months before they ripen.

A known method for determining the sugar content in pear fruits, involving the preparation of medium samples by removing from the studied at least 3-5 trees at least 30 pieces typical in shape, color and degree of ripeness of the fruit, is proportional to the location of the crop, then the mass fraction of soluble is calculated for each fruit sugars as a percentage of dry weight, RU No. 2422819 C2, G01N 33/02, 06/27/2011.

The known method is based on technology for determining the sugar content in pear fruits.

A method for determining the loss of sucrose in beets during its storage, which includes measuring the temperature in the beet bed, setting the average daily temperature, followed by establishing the average daily losses of sucrose from the predetermined dependence of these losses on the average daily temperature, RU No. 2024869 Cl, G01N 33/02, 15.12. 1994.

The known method is based on the establishment of temperature dependences, on which the loss of sucrose in beets depends.

A known method for predicting the timing of the removal of fruits, carried out by sampling the fruit and biochemical analysis, RU. No. 2081553 C1, A01G 1/00, A01H 1/04, 06/20/1997.

In the known method, a biochemical analysis is carried out for the allocation of ethylene by the fruit, the determination of their readiness for removal and bookmarking for storage, while the degree of keeping quality is predicted during the fruit ripening period, the measurements are carried out systematically with an interval of several days, which complicates the process of the method.

A known method for diagnosing apples for predicting shelf life, including determining the values of the natural weight loss of the control fruits and berries under refrigerated storage during the control time period, determining the optical criterion of ripe apples and obtaining the dependences of the values of natural weight loss on the optical criterion of ripe apples, according to which predict long-term, medium-term and short-term storage of control fruits and berries, RU No. 2338187 C2, G01N 33/02, 10.11. 2008.

To implement the known method requires sophisticated equipment.

A known method for determining the influence of technological characteristics of fruits on their shelf life, providing for mechanical impact on the test object by compressing it and determining the modulus of elasticity on compression of the control fruit, measuring the values of the natural weight loss of the fruit in cold storage conditions, the minimum values of which correspond to long-term storage, and the maximum - short-term storage, compare the elastic moduli of compression with the values of natural mass loss and according to these The dependence of the obtained values of the elastic moduli, which determine the shelf life of fruits all subsequent incoming shipments, RU №2352101 C2, A01F 25/00, G01N 33/02, 20.04.2009.

In the known method does not provide a preliminary forecast for the storage of ripened fruits.

A known method for determining the degree of keeping fruit, including biochemical analysis after ripening of fruits and berries by determining the values of the natural mass loss of the control fruits and berries in cold storage for a control time period and obtain extreme values of their maximum and minimum, of which the minimum values correspond to long-term keeping, and the maximum - short-term, determining enzyme activities in control fruits and berries and obtaining dependencies in masks the natural weight loss of enzyme activities in controlling fruit and berries, RU №2352102 C2, A01F 25/00, G01N 33 / 02,20.04.2009.

The implementation of the known method complicates the process of placing fruits in storage and does not provide for preliminary forecasting for their storage.

A known method for predicting the shelf life of fruits and berries, including determining the values of the natural weight loss of the control fruits and berries in cold storage during the control time period after ripening and collecting them in the summer-autumn period, RU No. 2352100 C2, A01F 25/00, G01N 33 / 02,20.04. 2009.

This technical solution is made as the closest analogue of the present invention.

In the closest analogue, forecasting the storage of control lots is carried out by obtaining the dependences of the values of the natural mass loss in the control fruits on the content of organic acids in them, then forecasting incoming batches by measuring the content of organic acids in the fruits of these lots and comparing them.

In the closest analogue method, forecasting the storage of control and incoming batches is carried out after harvesting, which increases the storage time of the fruits.

The present invention is based on the solution of the problem, which allows to ensure the accuracy of forecasting on the storage of fruits and berries, to carry out an early forecast for the storage of fruit and berry products long before the fruits and berries ripen, and to shorten the placement of fruits and berries for storage.

The technical result of the present invention is to determine the values of the natural weight loss of the control fruits and berries under refrigerated storage during the control time period after ripening and collecting them in the summer-autumn period (options 1, 2), in determining the total value of glucose and fructose (option 1) and the sucrose content (option 2) in the woody tissues of cuttings of fruit and berry crops in the winter-spring period, in obtaining the dependences of the values of natural weight loss in the control fruits and berries in the condition s cold storage value of the total glucose and fructose (varint 1) and sucrose content (varint 2) into cuttings of woody tissues of fruit crops, which is performed subsequent prediction for the storage of fruit and berries in winter-spring period.

According to the invention, this problem is solved due to the fact that the method for predicting the storage of fruit and berry products includes determining the values of the natural weight loss of the control fruits and berries under refrigerated storage during the control time period after ripening and collecting them in the summer-autumn period.

Option 1

The method includes determining the total value of glucose and fructose in woody tissues of cuttings of fruit and berry crops in the winter-spring period, which precedes the summer period of growing fruits and berries, ripening and collecting them in the summer-autumn period.

The method includes obtaining the dependences of the values of natural weight loss in the control fruits and berries under refrigerated storage conditions on the total value of glucose and fructose in woody tissues of cuttings of fruit and berry crops.

In the dependences, the minimum total values of natural weight loss correspond to the maximum total values of glucose and fructose in woody tissue cuttings, corresponding to long-term keeping quality, and the maximum values of natural mass losses correspond to the minimum total values of glucose and fructose in woody fabric of cuttings, corresponding to short-term keeping quality.

In this case, the subsequent forecasting of storage of fruit and berry products is carried out to determine the total value of glucose and fructose in the woody tissues of cuttings of fruit and berry crops in winter and spring.

Option 2

The method includes determining the sucrose content in woody tissues of cuttings of fruit and berry crops in the winter-spring period, which precedes the summer period of growing fruits and berries, ripening and collecting them in the summer-autumn period.

The method includes obtaining dependences of the values of natural weight loss in control fruits and berries under refrigerated storage conditions on the sucrose content in wood tissues of cuttings of fruit and berry crops.

In the dependences, the minimum values of natural mass loss correspond to the maximum sucrose content in woody tissues of cuttings corresponding to long-term keeping quality, and the maximum values of natural mass loss correspond to the minimum sucrose content in woody tissue of cuttings corresponding to short-term keeping quality.

In this case, the subsequent forecasting of storage of fruit and berry products is carried out to determine the sucrose content in the woody tissues of cuttings of fruit and berry crops in winter and spring.

Applicants have not identified sources containing information on technical solutions identical to the present invention, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "novelty."

Due to the implementation of the distinguishing features of the invention (together with the features indicated in the restrictive part of the formula), important new properties of the object are achieved.

Determination of the total value of glucose and fructose (Option 1) and the sucrose content (Option 2) in the woody tissues of cuttings of fruit and berry crops in the winter-spring period allows an early forecast of storage of fruit and berry products long before the fruits and berries ripen.

Obtaining dependencies in which the maximum total values of glucose and fructose (Option 1) and the sucrose content (Option 2) in woody tissues of cuttings corresponding to long-term keeping correspond to the minimum values of natural weight loss, and the minimum total values of glucose and fructose correspond to the maximum values of natural weight loss (Variant 1) and sucrose content (Variant 2) in woody tissues of cuttings, corresponding to short-term keeping quality, provides accuracy of storage forecasting y fruits and berries.

Subsequent forecasts of storage of fruit and berry products to determine the total value of glucose and fructose (Option 1) and the sucrose content (Option 2) in the woody tissues of cuttings of fruit and berry crops in the winter and spring periods shorten the storage time for fruits and berries after ripening .

Applicants are not aware of any publications that would contain information on the influence of the distinguishing features of the invention on the achieved technical result. In this regard, according to the applicants, it can be concluded that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The method is as follows.

Options 1, 2

The values of the natural weight loss of the control fruits and berries are determined after their ripening under refrigerated storage during the control time period.

The collected berries and fruits are stored for storage at a temperature of 0 to + 3 ° C and a humidity of 90% in standard refrigerators. The loss of mass during storage is determined by the weight method.

The extreme values of their maximum and minimum are obtained, of which the minimum values correspond to long-term keeping, and the maximum values to short-term.

To confirm the method, the following examples are given.

Example 1

Determination of the values of natural weight loss of fruits and berries in cold storage.

Prepare a sample of the test material.

Place the sample in the refrigerator for storage.

Measure the mass of the sample.

The calculation is carried out according to the formula:

N = (X ₁ -X _n ) / X ₁ * n _day

where N is the natural decrease, g / kg * day.

X ₁ - the mass of the sample in the first measurement, kg;

X _n - weight of the sample in the last measurement, kg;

n _day - the duration of storage, days.

The fruits of apples are taken as a hinge. Honeysuckle berries are taken as a hinge.

The values of natural weight loss in the fruits of apples and in honeysuckle berries in cold storage conditions are used in the construction of graphs (for examples 2, 3).

Example 2

Determination of the total value of glucose and fructose.

The total value of glucose and fructose in the woody tissues of apple trees is determined, the samples of which are taken in December, March and May.

The total value of glucose and fructose in the woody tissues of honeysuckle bushes is determined, the samples of which are taken in December, March and May.

The dependence of the values of the natural weight loss in the fruits of apples under cold storage conditions on the total value of glucose and fructose in the woody tissues of the cuttings of apple trees is shown in Fig. 1.

The dependence of the values of the natural weight loss of honeysuckle berries under refrigerated storage conditions on the total value of glucose and fructose in woody tissues of cuttings of honeysuckle bushes is shown in Fig.2.

Figure 1 and figure 2 shows that the minimum values of natural weight loss under refrigerated storage conditions in both apple fruits and honeysuckle berries are observed at maximum total glucose and fructose values in woody tissues of cuttings of both apple trees and honeysuckle bushes.

Example 3

Determination of sucrose content

Determine the sucrose content in the woody tissues of apple trees, the samples of which are taken in December, March and May.

Determine the sucrose content in the woody tissue of honeysuckle bushes, samples of which are taken in December, March and May.

The dependence of the values of the natural weight loss in the fruits of apples in cold storage conditions on the sucrose content in the woody tissues of apple tree cuttings is shown in FIG. 3.

The dependence of the values of the natural weight loss of honeysuckle berries under refrigerated storage conditions on the sucrose content in woody tissues of cuttings of honeysuckle bushes is shown in Fig. 4.

Figure 3 and figure 4 shows that the minimum values of natural weight loss under refrigerated storage in both apple fruits and honeysuckle berries are observed at a maximum sucrose content in woody tissues of cuttings of both apple trees and honeysuckle bushes.

The proposed method confirms the possibility of predicting the storage of fruit and berry products by determining the total value of glucose and fructose (Option 1) or the sucrose content (Option 2) in the woody tissues of cuttings of fruit and berry crops in the winter-spring periods, which are carried out for 6-8 months before harvesting.

A slight increase in the total content of glucose and fructose takes place in the woody tissues of cuttings of fruit and berry crops (Option 1), which is responsible for minimizing the values of natural weight loss under refrigerated storage in fruits and berries.

It should be noted that in the woody tissues of cuttings of fruit and berry crops, there is a significant increase in sucrose content (Option 2), which corresponds to minimizing the values of natural weight loss under refrigerated storage in fruits and berries.

A method for predicting the storage of fruit and berry products was carried out according to well-known technologies for determining the total value of glucose and fructose (Option 1) or the sucrose content (Option 2) in plant tissues widely used in fruit growing, and the dependences obtained as a result of experimental studies confirm the feasibility of its use , which determines, according to the applicants, the compliance of the proposed method with the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Using the proposed method provides:

- early forecast storage of fruit and berry products long before the ripening of fruits and berries;

- the accuracy of forecasting the storage of fruits and berries;

- reduction of terms of placement of fruits and berries for storage.

Claims (2)

1. A method for predicting the storage of fruit and berry products, including determining the values of the natural weight loss of the control fruits and berries under refrigerated storage during the control time period after ripening and collecting them in the summer-autumn period, characterized in that the method includes determining the total glucose value and fructose in woody tissues of cuttings of fruit and berry crops in the winter-spring period, which precedes the summer period of growing fruits and berries, ripening and picking them in the summer-autumn period, obtaining the dependences of the values of natural weight loss in control fruits and berries under refrigerated storage conditions on the total value of glucose and fructose in woody tissues of fruit and berry cuttings, in which the minimum total values of natural weight loss correspond to the maximum total values of glucose and fructose in woody tissue of cuttings corresponding to long-term keeping quality, and the maximum total values of natural weight loss correspond to the minimum total values of glucose and fructose in others -equilibrium tissues cuttings corresponding short keeping quality, the prediction of subsequent storage of fruits and berries is carried out to determine the total value of glucose and fructose in woody tissues cuttings fruit crops in winter-spring period. 2. A method for predicting the storage of fruit and berry products, including determining the values of the natural weight loss of the control fruits and berries under refrigerated storage during the control time period after ripening and collecting them in the summer-autumn period, characterized in that the method includes determining the sucrose content in woody tissues of cuttings of fruit and berry crops in the winter-spring period, which precedes the summer period of growing fruits and berries, ripening and collecting them in the summer-autumn period, obtaining dependences of the values of natural weight loss in control fruits and berries under refrigerated storage from the sucrose content in wood tissues of cuttings of fruit and berry crops, in which the maximum values of natural mass loss correspond to the maximum sucrose content in wood tissues of cuttings corresponding to long-term keeping quality, and to the maximum values of natural the mass loss corresponds to the minimum sucrose content in the woody tissues of the cuttings, corresponding to short-term keeping, while subsequent forecasting of storage of fruit and berry products is carried out to determine the sucrose content in woody tissues of cuttings of fruit and berry crops in winter and spring.

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