RU2352100C2 - Method of predicting shelf-life of fruits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, food industry.

SUBSTANCE: present invention can be used for predicting long-term and short-term storage and unsuitable storage of fruits. The method lies in evaluating the state of fruits through determination of content of organic acids in them, further measurement and comparison of relationship between the obtained values. The method involves preliminary forecast for control lots, through determination of value of natural loss of mass in control fruits from each control lot in cold storage conditions for a certain period of time, the minimum values of which correspond to long-term storage, and the maximum values to short-term storage. Content of organic acids in control fruits is measured and compared with content of organic acids in control fruits with values of natural loss of mass in control fruits. Forecast for incoming consignments are made by measuring content of organic acids in control fruits of these consignments and using correspondence with the preliminary forecast. Control lots and incoming consignments are gathered at the same time.

EFFECT: increased accuracy and efficiency of predicting shelf-life of fruits.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to a method for determining the shelf life of fruits and can be used to predict long-term storage and / or short-term storage and / or unsuitability of storage with subsequent processing and / or implementation.

A known method of controlling the quality of fruit minced meat by the value of the scoring indicator by comparing it with a predetermined value, and as the quality indicators use the values of viscosity and active acidity, RU No. 2057335 C1, GO1N 33 / 02,1996.03.27.

The known method includes a score on a point system and does not meet the requirements of accurate forecasting.

A known method for predicting the shelf life of the fruit, which consists in taking average samples of the fruit and determining their biochemical properties, T. A. Ishchenko and others. "Methods for predicting the shelf life of the fruit." - M .: Agropromizdat, 1990. P.7.

The determination of the mineral composition in the known method is a complex, time-consuming process and does not provide accurate and high-quality forecasting.

A known method for assessing the microbiological purity of fruits, vegetables and products of their processing, which consists in assessing the condition of the fruit by determining the values of the content of organic acids in them, conducting additional measurements and comparing the dependencies of the obtained values, RU No. 2243555 C2, G01N 33/02, 2004.12.27. An additional measurement of the concentration of organic acids is carried out after thermostatting the product sample.

This invention is accepted as the closest analogue of the present invention.

In the closest analogue, to determine the concentrations of organic acids in fruits, vegetables and their processed products and to compare the measured values, their microbiological purity is evaluated.

The closest analogue method has a narrow focus in use, this method evaluates the quality and does not provide forecasting the shelf life of fruits and vegetables.

The present invention is based on the solution of a problem that allows to increase the efficiency and accuracy of forecasting, to obtain a visual assessment of the condition of the fruit, to expand the use of the method and to provide the ability to adjust the shelf life.

According to the invention, this problem is solved due to the fact that the method consists in assessing the condition of the fruit by determining the values of the content of organic acids in them, conducting additional measurements and comparing the dependencies of the obtained values.

The method includes a preliminary forecast of control lots, which is carried out by determining the values of the natural weight loss of the control fruit from each control batch under refrigerated storage during the control time period, the minimum values of which correspond to long-term storage, and the maximum - to short-term storage, by measuring the values of the content of organic acids in the control fruits, and comparing the values of the content of organic acids in the control fruits with the values of naturally occurring mass losses in the control fruits and the subsequent forecast of incoming batches, which is carried out by measuring the values of the organic acids in the control fruits of these lots and using the correspondence of the preliminary forecast, while the control batches and incoming batches belong to one temporary collection.

In addition, if the dependencies of the values correspond, the subsequent forecast is carried out according to the storage periods of the preliminary forecast.

In addition, if the dependencies of the values correspond, the subsequent forecast is carried out by measuring the values of the content of organic acids in the fruits in incoming lots.

In addition, if the compliance of the dependencies of the quantities is violated, the subsequent forecast is carried out with the adjustment of the storage periods of the preliminary forecast.

In addition, if the dependencies of the values are violated, the subsequent forecast is carried out by measuring the values of the content of organic acids in the fruits in the incoming lots with the adjustment of the storage periods of the preliminary forecast.

The applicants did not identify sources containing information on

technical solutions identical to the present invention, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "novelty."

Due to the implementation of the distinguishing features of the invention (together with the features indicated in the restrictive part of the formula), important new properties of the object are achieved.

The presence in the method of a preliminary forecast and the subsequent forecast based on its results increases the efficiency of forecasting.

Determination of the values of the natural weight loss of fruits in cold storage conditions allow us to assess the condition of the fruits, and these values are one of the indicators of the preliminary forecast of shelf life.

Measurement of the values of the content of organic acids before refrigerated storage allows us to assess the condition of the fruit, and these values are another indicator of a preliminary forecast of shelf life.

Comparison of the values of natural weight loss with the values of the content of organic acids provides a clear assessment of the state of the fruit in the preliminary forecast and its use in the subsequent forecast.

The determination of long-term storage, short-term storage and unsuitability of storage with subsequent processing or implementation improves forecasting accuracy.

The subsequent forecast based on the results of the preliminary forecast, as well as the subsequent forecast based on the results of measuring the values of organic acids in them, expand the possibilities of using the method.

Prediction according to the dependencies of values provides the ability to adjust the shelf life.

Applicants are not aware of any publications that would contain information on the influence of the distinguishing features of the invention on the achieved technical result. In this regard, according to the applicants, it can be concluded that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The method is as follows.

They take several lots of fruits, for example, pome crops, of the same variety or of different varieties, each of which is collected in different areas, have differences in their biochemical properties and belong to the same temporary collection. Conduct preliminary and subsequent forecasts.

A preliminary forecast is as follows.

Control lots are determined and in each of them an arbitrarily determined number of control fruits is selected for cold storage.

Control fruits are weighed before cold storage and after a certain short period of time, for example, after 2 days, they are weighed after cold storage.

The values of the natural weight loss of the control fruit are determined under refrigerated storage conditions.

Determine the content of organic acids before refrigerated storage.

The values of the natural weight loss of the control fruits in cold storage conditions are compared with the values of the organic acids in the control fruits before cold storage and the results are processed, for example, plotted.

If the dependencies of the values are consistent, long-term storage, short-term storage and unsuitability of storage are predicted with subsequent processing or sale of fruits:

- when the minimum values of natural mass loss correspond to the maximum values of the content of organic acids, long-term storage is predicted;

- if the average values of the natural mass loss correspond to the average values of the content of organic acids, short-term storage is predicted;

- if the maximum values of natural weight loss correspond to the minimum values of the content of organic acids, the unsuitability of storage is predicted with subsequent processing or sale of the fruit.

In case of violation of the correspondence of the dependencies of the values, the periods of long-term storage, short-term storage and subsequent processing or sale of fruits are adjusted.

The subsequent forecast is as follows.

If the dependencies of the values in the preliminary forecast correspond, the subsequent forecast of the incoming batches corresponding to the control lots is carried out according to the storage periods of the preliminary forecast.

If the dependencies of the values in the preliminary forecast correspond, the subsequent forecast of the incoming batches corresponding to the control lots is carried out by measuring the values of the content of organic acids in the fruits in them.

If the compliance of the dependencies of the values in the preliminary forecast is violated, the subsequent forecast of the incoming batches corresponding to the control lots is carried out with adjustment of the storage periods of the preliminary forecast.

In addition, if the dependencies of the values in the preliminary forecast are violated, the subsequent forecast of the incoming batches corresponding to the control lots is carried out by measuring the values of the content of organic acids in them with adjusting the storage periods of the preliminary forecast.

Note:

The determination of the values of the content of organic acids is carried out by any known method.

The implementation of the method is confirmed by examples of specific performance.

Example 1

Take four control lots of fruits of Japanese quince (henomeles) (2003).

From each control batch, 10 control fruits of Japanese quince are selected.

The values of the natural weight loss of the control fruit are determined under refrigerated storage conditions.

The first control weighing of control fruits is carried out before cold storage, the weight value (m ₁ ) is placed on an information carrier.

These 10 fruits are laid for refrigerated storage at a temperature of + 1 ° С - + 3 ° С, they stand for 2 days and carry out the second control weighing, the weight value (m ₂ ) is placed on an information carrier.

According to the results of control weighings, the values of natural weight loss per 1 kg of weight per day are determined:

where Y is the natural weight loss in g / (kg * day);

m ₁ - weight of 10 fruits of Japanese quince at the first control weighing;

m ₂ is the mass of 10 fruits of Japanese quince in the second control weighing;

N is the number of days between the first and second control weighings.

The values of the natural weight loss of the control fruits of Japanese quince for the four control lots under refrigerated storage conditions are given in table 1.

Table 1 shows the dynamics of the values of the natural weight loss of the fruits of Japanese quince.

Example 2

Take four control lot of fruits of Japanese quince (henomeles) according to example 1.

Take the average weight of control fruits of Japanese quince (from each control batch) and determine the content of organic acids.

A weight of 10 g is determined on a balance from an average sample. Transfer this sample to a 100 ml volumetric flask. The flask _^3/4 is filled with distilled water and mixed well.

Heat the contents of the flask in a water bath to 80 ° C. Remove the flask from the bath, cool in air for 30 minutes. Shake periodically. Then the flask is cooled under a stream of cold water to room temperature.

Distilled water is added and the contents of the flask are adjusted to the mark, while everything is thoroughly mixed.

The contents of the flask are filtered through a dry pleated filter.

The filtrate in an amount of 10 ml is transferred into a flask of 200-250 ml. Distilled water up to 20-40 ml is added and 3-5 drops of 1% phenolphthalein solution are introduced.

Titration is carried out with 0.1 N KOH solution.

Carry out the calculation according to the formula:

where X is the acidity in% in terms of malic acid;

a - the amount of 0.1 N alkali solution, which went on titration;

b - sample of the test product.

The values of the organic acid content of the control fruits of Japanese quince for the four control lots are shown in table 1.

Table 1 shows the dynamics of the values of the organic acid content of Japanese quince fruits.

Example 3

The values of the natural weight loss of the control fruits of Japanese quince under the conditions of refrigerated storage (as in Example 1) and the values of the organic acids content of the control fruits of Japanese quince before the cold storage (as in Example 2) from Table 1 are plotted on graph 1.

Compared to graph 1, the values of the natural weight loss of the fruits of Japanese quince in the conditions of refrigerated storage and the values of the content of organic acids in the fruits of Japanese quince predict their shelf life.

From table 1 and graph 1 it is seen:

- in the 1st control batch, the minimum value (0.593 g / (kg * day)) of natural weight loss of Japanese quince fruits corresponds to the maximum value (4.1%) of the content of organic acids in its fruits;

- in the 2nd and 3rd control lots, the average values (0.644 g / (kg * day)) and (0.652 g / (kg * day)), respectively, of the average weight loss of Japanese quince fruits correspond to average values (3.8 %) and (3.6%), respectively, the content of organic acids in its fruits;

- in the 4th control batch, the maximum value (0.833 g / (kg * day)) of natural weight loss of Japanese quince fruits corresponds to the minimum value (3.5%) of the content of organic acids in its fruits.

Determine:

- long-term storage (at least 3 months) of Japanese quince fruits for the 1st control batch;

- short-term storage (not more than 2 months) of Japanese quince fruits for the 2nd and 3rd control lots;

- unsuitability of storage (1-3 weeks) with subsequent processing or sale of fruits of Japanese quince for the 4th control batch.

The preliminary forecast showed the correspondence of the dependencies of the quantities.

According to the results of the preliminary forecast, a subsequent forecast of incoming batches is carried out.

A subsequent forecast of incoming lots is carried out according to the results of measuring the acid content in the fruits (by any known method), after which the fruits are sent for storage.

Prediction of shelf life of Japanese quince is presented in table 3.

From table 3 it is seen that the preliminary and subsequent forecasts correspond to the high preservation of the fruit, and the subsequent forecast confirms the correctness of forecasting only by measuring the values of the content of organic acids, the dependence of which is confirmed in the preliminary forecast. Obviously, the higher the content of organic acids in the fruits, the lower the mass loss during refrigerated storage. Fruits with the lowest organic acid content (less than 3.6%) should be sent immediately for processing or sale. Fruits with an average content of organic acids (3.6-3.9%) should be sent for short-term storage, and with the highest content of organic acids (more than 4.0%) - for long-term storage.

Example 4

Four control lots of fruits of Japanese quince (henomeles) are taken (2004).

Similarly to examples 1 and 2, the values of the natural mass loss and the organic acid content of the control fruits of Japanese quince were determined for the four control lots. These values are shown in table 2.

Analogously to example 3, these values from table 2 are plotted on schedule 2.

Compared to the graph, 2 values of the natural weight loss of the fruits of Japanese quince in the conditions of cold storage and the values of the organic acids in the fruits of Japanese quince predict their shelf life.

From table 2 and graph 2 shows:

- in the 3rd control batch, the average value (0.541 g / (kg * day)) of natural weight loss of Japanese quince fruits corresponds to the maximum value (2.68%) of the content of organic acids in its fruits;

- in the 4th and 1st control lots, the minimum values (0.505 g / (kg * day)) and average values (0.751 g / (kg * day)), respectively, of the average weight loss of Japanese quince fruits correspond to average values (2 , 61%) and (2.55%), respectively, the content of organic acids in its fruits;

- in the 2nd control batch, the maximum value (0.876 g / (kg * day)) of natural weight loss of Japanese quince fruits corresponds to the minimum value (2.46%) of the content of organic acids in its fruits.

Determine:

- adjusted long-term storage of Japanese quince fruits for the 3rd control lot due to the mismatch of the maximum and minimum values;

- adjusted short-term storage of Japanese quince fruits for the 4th control batch due to the mismatch between the minimum and average values;

- short-term storage of Japanese quince fruits for the 1st control batch;

- unsuitability of storage with subsequent processing or sale of Japanese quince fruits for the 2nd forecasted batch.

A preliminary forecast showed a violation of the correlation of the values.

According to the results of the preliminary forecast, a subsequent forecast of incoming batches is carried out.

A subsequent forecast of incoming lots is carried out according to the results of measuring the acid content in the fruits (by any known method), after which the fruits are sent for storage.

Prediction of shelf life of Japanese quince is presented in table 4.

Table 4 shows that adjustments to the shelf life according to the preliminary forecast and the subsequent forecast confirm the high preservation of the fruit, and the adjustment of the shelf life according to the subsequent forecast according to the results of measuring the values of the content of organic acids confirms the accuracy of the forecast - the higher the content of organic acids, the longer they are stored.

From tables 3 and 4 it can be seen that the correspondence of the dependencies of quantities allows you to accurately and quickly determine the shelf life of a particular batch, and if the correspondence of the dependencies of values is violated, it makes an adjustment to the shelf life of the fruits.

Charts 1 and 2 confirm the differences when comparing the values in the control lots for each temporary collection, namely for 2003 and 2004.

The proposed method for predicting the shelf life of the fruit by assessing their condition, including the measurement of organic acid content in the fruit, which is widely used in the food industry, and testing pilot batches for the forecasting time of this method confirm the feasibility of its use and determine, according to the applicants, the compliance with its criterion " industrial applicability. "

Using the proposed method allows you to:

- to increase the effectiveness of forecasting due to the presence in the method of a preliminary forecast and conducting a subsequent forecast based on its results;

- assess the condition of the fruit by determining the values of the natural weight loss of the fruit in cold storage and measuring the values of the content of organic acids before cold storage;

- to obtain a visual assessment of the state of the fruit in the preliminary forecast and use it in the subsequent forecast by comparing the values of natural weight loss with the values of the content of organic acids;

- to increase the accuracy of forecasting by determining long-term storage, short-term storage and unsuitability of storage with subsequent processing or implementation;

- expand the possibilities of using the method by conducting a subsequent forecast based on the results of the preliminary forecast, conducting a subsequent forecast based on the results of measuring the values of organic acids in them, as well as adjusting the shelf life.

Dependence of the natural weight loss of the fruits of Japanese quince on the content of organic acids (2003).

Table 1 Control lot No. Natural weight loss g / (kg * day) The content of organic acids% one 0.593 4.10 2 0.644 3.80 3 0.652 3.60 four 0.833 3,50

Dependence of the natural weight loss of the fruits of Japanese quince on the content of organic acids (2004).

table 2 Control lot No. Natural weight loss g / (kg * day) The content of organic acids% one 0.751 2,55 2 0.876 2.46 3 0.541 2.68 four 0.505 2.61

Prediction of shelf life of Japanese quince (2003).

Table 3 Control lots, number Preliminary forecast, duration Shelf life, day Preserved during storage,% Removed from storage,% one Long term storage 180 98 2 2 Short-term storage 45 95 5 3 Short-term storage thirty 88 12 four Unsuitability of storage 10 Implementation 64 Recycling 36 Incoming party number Subsequent forecast, up to 2 days Shelf life, day Preserved during storage,% Removed from storage,% one Long term storage 180 99 one 2 Short-term storage 45 96 four 3 Short-term storage thirty 90 10 four Unsuitability of storage 10 Implementation 90 Recycling 10 Incoming party number The content of organic acids, after 2 days,% Shelf life, day Preserved during storage,% Removed from storage,% one 4.0 180 97 3 2 3,7 45 94 6 3 3.6 thirty 92 8 four 3.2 10 86 fourteen

Claims (1)

A method for predicting the shelf life of the fruit, which consists in assessing the condition of the fruit by determining the values of the content of organic acids in them, performing additional measurements and comparing the dependencies of the obtained values, characterized in that the method includes a preliminary forecast of control lots, which is carried out by determining the values of the natural weight loss of the control fruits from of each control batch under refrigerated storage during the control time period, the minimum values of which s correspond to long-term storage, and the maximum correspond to short-term storage, by measuring the values of organic acids in the control fruits, and comparing the values of the organic acids in the control fruits with the values of the natural mass loss in the control fruits and the subsequent forecast of incoming batches, which is carried out by measuring the values of the organic acids in the control fruits of these parties and using the correspondence of the preliminary forecast, while the control parties do General parties relate to one temporary collection.

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