RU2484901C1 - Method of hydrothermal processing of buckwheat grain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to flour-and-cereals industry and can be applied mainly in buckwheat mills. The method of hydrothermal processing of buckwheat grain includes operations of hydroseparation and moistening, moisture extraction from wastes, waste drying, drying and preliminary heating of grain, steaming at the soft modes, and grain drying. Moistening of buckwheat grain is carried out for 25-30 minutes together with washing operation. Then the surface moisture is removed from the buckwheat grains, and they are subjected to intense convective-conductive heating in the high-temperature field in the range of 400°C to 600°C for 2-4 seconds. The subsequent drying of grain is carried out by the residual heat after heating.

EFFECT: reduction of the number of process operations in production of buckwheat, reduction of duration of process operations, reduction of energy consumption of hydrothermal processing process.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of the milling and cereal industry and can be used mainly in baking plants.

A known method of hydrothermal processing of buckwheat grain, including moistening buckwheat grain with water under high vacuum, smoothing and drying at a temperature of 140-180 ° C to a moisture content of 12-14% (see patent RU 2261145, IPC B02B 1/08, publ. 2005).

The disadvantages of this method are the use of deep vacuum - a residual pressure of 20-40 kPa, a significant duration of the tearing process is 4-6 hours, the need to use deaerated water; the cost of steam for drying the grain after weaning.

A known method of hydrothermal processing of buckwheat grain, including the operation of steaming, drying and cooling (see Prince. E. Greenberg. Production of cereals. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1986, p. 82).

The disadvantages of this method are the frequency of operation of the equipment, the high energy intensity of these processes, the unevenness of the process of steaming and drying, the significant cost of steam for steaming and drying.

There is also a method of firing with air, which is used to clean plant materials from the outer cover by exposure to hot air (see the book. Technological equipment for food production, B.M. Azarov, X. Aurich, S.Dichev, etc. Edited by B. M. Azarova. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1988, p. 139). In the known method, the plant material is moved horizontally in mesh ceramic trays suspended from a chain conveyor in an environment of hot air with a temperature of 800-1300 ° C for 6-8 seconds.

The disadvantage of this method is that it is used to remove the outer cover of only potatoes. In this case, the moisture contained in the subcutaneous layer of potato tubers is used, which, under the influence of high temperature, turns into steam, which separates the skin from the tuber pulp and breaks it.

The closest technical solution adopted as a prototype is a well-known method of hydrothermal processing of buckwheat grain, including hydroseparation and humidification, squeezing moisture from waste, drying waste, drying and preheating of grain, steaming under mild conditions and drying grain using the combined conductive-convection method ( see article - Kamensky VD, Babich MB New technology for processing buckwheat grain into groats // Storage and processing of grain, No. 5, 1999. - pp. 19-20).

The disadvantages of this method are the increase in the number of technological operations of hydrothermal treatment, significant steam costs for steaming and drying up to 0.3 kg of steam per 1 kg of product, significant air consumption for drying buckwheat - 2.2 m ³ air per 1 kg of product, the need for large production areas due to bulky equipment.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to reduce the number of technological operations in the production of buckwheat, to reduce the duration of technological operations, to reduce the energy consumption of the hydrothermal treatment process, to increase the productivity of the hydrothermal processing of buckwheat grain and other leguminous crops.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of hydrothermal processing of buckwheat grain, including hydroseparation and humidification, squeezing moisture from waste, drying waste, drying and preheating of grain, steaming under mild conditions and drying of grain, according to the invention, buckwheat grain is moistened for 25- 30 minutes together with a washing operation, after which surface moisture is removed from buckwheat grains and subjected to intense convective-conductive heating in a high temperature field in the range from 400 ° C to 600 ° C for 2-4 seconds, and the subsequent drying of the grain is carried out due to the residual heat after heating.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows the technological scheme of the method of hydrothermal processing of buckwheat grain.

The method of hydrothermal processing of grain is as follows.

From the storage hopper 1, the grain is fed to a washer 2, in which, along with the grain washing process, light impurities are removed from it and moisturized. The receipt of the required amount of moisture inside the product is achieved by the duration of the washing and moisturizing process, which is 25-33 minutes. After wetting and washing, the grain is sent to an inclined sieve 3, moving reciprocating, to remove surface moisture. Then, the moistened grains are fed into the vibratory feeder of the furnace 4, which provides further grain movement along an inclined sieve groove 5 made of a metal sieve with a mesh size of 0.5 mm. The angle of inclination of the sieve groove 5 is controlled in the range from 45 to 65 degrees, which determines the length of time the product is in the furnace 4 from 2 to 4 seconds in the high temperature zone in the range from 400 ° C to 600 ° C. Under the influence of high temperatures in the furnace 4, the grain is heated, while the water trapped between the shell and the nucleus is converted into steam and provides a partial breakdown of the grain shells and at the same time the nucleus is steamed. Using a temperature of less than 400 ° C and a processing time of less than 2 seconds does not provide the steam formation process properly, and using a temperature of more than 600 ° C and a processing time of more than 4 seconds can lead to a deterioration in product quality (burning, carbonization), an increase in energy consumption and overall dimensions furnace 4. After processing in the furnace 4, the grain is fed into the storage hopper 6, where due to the residual heat, excess moisture is removed from it. Next, buckwheat grains are subjected to mechanical or pneumatic peeling, moreover, with mechanical peeling, it is previously divided into 2-3 fractions, and with pneumatic peeling, this operation is not performed.

The usefulness of this method lies in the fact that, firstly, such long technological operations as steaming buckwheat, drying it, and washing and moistening are reduced in time from 25-30 minutes, and secondly, its implementation can reduce the number of fractions into which the grain is divided after exposure to high temperatures before peeling, due to the partial disruption of the grain shells in the high temperature zone, which, as a result, leads to a decrease in the energy intensity of the production process echnevoy cereals and simplification of the technological scheme, and thirdly, when the present process steam consumption is significantly reduced during the hydrothermal treatment, these factors generally provide a positive economic effect.

Claims (1)

The method of hydrothermal processing of buckwheat grain, including hydroseparation and moistening operations, pressing moisture from waste, drying waste, drying and preheating of grain, steaming under mild conditions and drying of grain, characterized in that the buckwheat grain is moistened for 25-30 minutes together with washing operation, after which surface moisture is removed from buckwheat grains and subjected to intense convective-conductive heating at a temperature in the range from 400 ° C to 600 ° C for 2-4 s, and subsequent drying on exercise due to residual heat after heating.

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