RU2483042C1 - Ceramic composition for making light brick - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the industry of ceramic materials, primarily to compositions of mixtures for making light brick. The ceramic composition for making light brick contains burnt rock and interslate clay containing the following, wt %: SiO₂ - 41.3; Al₂O₃ - 14.4; Fe₂O₃ - 6.8; CaO - 9.2; MgO - 2.5; R₂O - 4.1; loss on ignition - 20.2, with the following ratio of components, wt %: interslate clay - 50-70; burnt rock - 30-50.

EFFECT: high frost resistance and low density of articles.

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Description

The invention relates to the industry of ceramic materials, mainly to compositions of the masses to obtain a lightweight brick.

A ceramic mass for producing bricks of the following composition is known, wt.%: Moderately ductile loesslike loam - 50-80, ash and slag waste of a power plant with a combustible substance content of more than 35% - 10-25, medium-soft low-melting clay - 10-25 (Abdrakhimov V.Z. USSR author's certificate No. 1766876 SU, IPC: С04В 33/00 Ceramic mass for brick production / V.Z. Abdrakhimov, Yu.M. Makrushin, Ch.S. Orazaev, K.T. Turkstan. - Publish. 07.10. 92. BI No. 37).

The disadvantage of this composition is the relatively low frost resistance (55-81 cycles).

Known ceramic mass for the manufacture of lightweight bricks, including the following components, wt.%: Beidellite clay 50-80, burned rocks 20-50 (Abdrakhimov V.Z. An experimental study of the thermal conductivity of lightweight bricks based on beidellite clay and burned rocks / V.Z. Abdrakhimov, E.A. Belyakova, D.Yu. Denisov // Refractories and technical ceramics. - 2010. - No. 11-12. - P.49-52).

This technical solution is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this composition of the ceramic mass is relatively low frost resistance and high density.

The technical result of the invention is to increase frost resistance and decrease the density of lightweight bricks.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the well-known ceramic composition for the manufacture of lightweight bricks, including burnt rocks, an additional shale clay is introduced with a content, wt.%: SiO ₂ - 41.3; Al ₂ O ₃ - 14.4; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 6.8; CaO - 9.2; MgO - 2.5; R ₂ O - 4.1; p.p.p. - 20.2 in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

inter-shale clay 50-70 burned rocks 30-50

Inter-shale clay is formed during the production of oil shale at oil shale refineries (in mines). Inter-shale clay is a waste of oil shale. By the number of plasticity, the inter-shale clay belongs to a highly plastic clay raw material (plasticity number 27-32) with a true density of 2.55-2.62 g / cm ³ . The chemical composition of the inter-shale clay is presented in table 1.

Table 1 The chemical composition of inter-shale clay SiO ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ Fe ₂ O ₃ Cao MgO R ₂ O P.p.p. 41.3 14,4 6.8 9.2 2,5 4.1 20,2

Inter-shale clay for lightweight bricks is used as a clay component. Having a high percentage of p.p.p. (losses due to calcination of more than 20%, see table 1) inter-shale clay contributes to the production of lightweight bricks with a low density, and the increased content of Fe ₂ O ₃ and R ₂ O contributes to the sintering of products at relatively low temperatures.

The method is implemented as follows.

Raw components are crushed to pass through a sieve of 1.0 mm, then the components are thoroughly mixed. The ceramic mass is prepared in a plastic way at a moisture content of 20-24% (depending on the content of the clay component), from which the brick is formed, the raw brick is dried to a moisture content of not more than 8% and then fired at a temperature of 1050 ° C.

Table 2 shows the compositions of ceramic masses, and in table 3 - physical and mechanical properties of bricks.

table 2 The compositions of ceramic masses Components The content of components, wt.% one 2 3 Inter-shale clay 70 60 fifty Burnt rocks thirty 40 fifty

Table 3 Physico-mechanical properties of bricks Indicators Compositions Prototype one 2 3 Density, kg / m ³ 1370 1340 1270 1380-1720 Frost resistance cycles 83 86 88 57-70 Mechanical compressive strength, MPa 18.5 18.0 17.1 14.7-18.2

As can be seen from table 2, lightweight bricks were obtained from industrial wastes without the use of natural traditional raw materials. The resulting brick from the proposed compositions has higher physical and mechanical properties than the prototype (see table 3).

The proposed solution using inter-shale clay will increase frost resistance and reduce the density of lightweight bricks.

The use of technogenic raw materials in the production of bricks contributes to the utilization of industrial waste, environmental protection, and the expansion of the raw material base for ceramic materials.

Claims (1)

Ceramic composition for the manufacture of lightweight bricks, including burned rock, characterized in that it additionally contains inter-shale clay with a content, wt.%: SiO ₂ - 41.3; Al ₂ O ₃ - 14.4; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 6.8; CaO - 9.2; MgO - 2.5; R ₂ O - 4.1; p.p.p. - 20.2, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
inter-shale clay 50-70 burned rocks 30-50