SU1765137A1 - Mass for production of ceramic facing tiles - Google Patents

Abstract

The essence of the invention: the mass contains quartz sand - 10-18: coke-ash residue of processing shale with a content of 7-13% combustible substances and the content of oxides on the calcined substance, wt.%: Si02 27-31%, AI203 5-8.1%, Re20 4-6.1%, MDO 1.5-4.5%, F3 4.5-5.5, R20 2-5; Cao - the rest. 20-35% clay - the rest. Dried clay is mixed with quartz sand, coke-ash residue and crushed before passing through a 0.063 mm sieve. The components are mixed at a moisture content of 6-8% for 10-15 minutes, followed by aging in an airtight container of at least 8 ". The tile is pressed under pressure of 30-75 MPa, dried, burned at 1050 ° C, glazed and re-burned at 900-920 ° C. Mass characteristics: water absorption 14.4-15.3%, moisture expansion 0 , 03-0.05%, deformation 0.1-0.3%, table 2.

Description

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FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the production technology of building materials.

The known mass for the production of ceramic tiles, including clay (40-60%) and industrial mineral waste (40-60%) 1. The disadvantage of the known mass is the instability of the properties of the obtained products.

Also known is the closest to the proposed solution to the technical essence and the achieved result, the mass for the manufacture of ceramic tiles, including clay (20-35%), industrial mineral waste in the form of phosphoric slag production (40-70%) and quartz sand (1-25% ) 2. The disadvantages of a known mass are the increased tendency of products to warp, high

energy consumption and insufficient ecological purity of production due to the presence of phosphorus in the mass.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the deformation of products, reducing energy consumption. The goal is achieved in that the mass contains as a mineral industrial waste a coke-ash residue from the processing of shale with a content on the calcined substance (wt.%): Si02 27-31; 5-8; Re20 4-6; MDO 1.5-4.5; FZ 4.5-5.5; R20 2-5; CaO - the rest in the following ratio of components (wt.%):

Coke-ash residue 20-35

shale processing

Quartz sand 10-18

ClayE rest

VI

About SL

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The coke-ash residue is obtained as a result of semi-coking (heating without air access at a temperature of 450-550 ° C) and gasification at a temperature of 800-850 ° C of combustible shale. For each ton of shale, about 600 kg of dry coke-ash residue is produced. Portland (Ca (OH) 2), wollastonite, pseudovollastonite, dolomite, quartz are present in the composition of the coke-ash residue. A large proportion of quartz is present in the free state. In the composition of the coke-ash residue, a sufficiently high amount of combustible substances (7–13%) is maintained, as a result of which the heat of its combustion reaches 2.4–4.4 MJ / kg.

A mass for the manufacture of facing tiles is prepared, for example, as follows. Sand, clay, coke-ash residue is crushed to pass through a 0.063 mm sieve. In this case, the clay is pre-dried. The components are mixed in a runner mixer at a moisture content of 6-8% for 10-15 minutes, after which the mass is kept in a sealed container for at least 8 hours. The tile is pressed in a press under a pressure of 30-75 MPa, dried, and burned at a temperature of 1050 ° C, glazed and re-calcined at 900-920 ° C.

Examples of the tested compositions of the masses are presented in Table 1, and the results of the physicomechanical tests of the products are given in Table 2.

The presence of flammable substances in the coking ash residue not only provides significant fuel savings, but also changes the burning conditions. Combustible substances burn directly in the mass of the molded tile, which ensures its more uniform heating in thickness and in the plane of the tile and, accordingly, sharply reduces its deformation during firing. The reduction of tile deformability during firing is also promoted by the presence of wollastonite in the coking ash residue and the synthesis of additional amounts of it during the final mass treatment with quartz sand, which ensures a reduction in the thermal expansion coefficient. On the other hand, wollastonite is characterized by a fibrous structure of crystals, which contributes to the formation of a rigid fixed framework in the burned tile, providing resistance to the stresses accompanying the swelling process.

tiles when moistened. As a result, the moisture expansion of the products is significantly reduced.

The cost of tiles per 1 m2 is presented in Table 3.

Thus, with a plant capacity of 1 million square meters of facing tiles per year, the economic effect will be 675,000 rubles due to a reduction in fuel consumption by 6-10% and cheaper raw materials.

The technical effect in comparison with the prototype is to reduce the tendency of the tile to deform and consequently reduce scrap, as well as to improve the quality of the tile due to significant

Claims (1)

reducing humid expansion. Claims Mass for the manufacture of ceramic tiles, including clay, quartz sand and mineral industrial waste, characterized in that, in order to reduce the deformation of products and reduce energy consumption, it contains as a mineral industrial waste - coke-ash processing residue shale with a content of 7-13% of combustible substances and oxides on the calcined substance, May. %: SiC-2 27-31; AlaOa 5-8,1; ReaOz 4-6,1; MgO 1.5-4.5; FZ 4.5-5.5; R20 2-5; CaO the rest, with the following content components, wt.%: Quartz sand 10-18 The specified coke-ash residue processing shale20-25 ClayE rest 517651376 Table 1 Examples of compositions of masses for the manufacture of tiles  1-2 formulations are made using a coke-ash residue with a content on the calcined substance (May.%): SO2 27.94; A1203 5.97; ReaOz 4.02; MDO 1.73; AOR 5.43; R20 3.34; CaO 51.17; 3-4 compositions-using a coke-ash residue with a content of: Si02 30.82; AfcOs 5.24; Rb203 5.78; MDO 1.56; AOZ 4.52; R20 2.36; CaO 49.6; 5-6 compounds - with the use of coke-ash residue containing: Si02 29.54; ABOZ 7.9; Rb203 5.12; MDO 4.46; AOR 4.88; R20 4.8; Cao 44.1. Physical and mechanical properties of tiles  Numbers of compositions correspond to table. one table 2 Table 3