RU2476805C1 - Light-gas gun by staroverov /versions/ - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: light-gas gun is available in two versions. According to the first version the light-gas gun comprises a barrel, a lock, a shell and a charge of granular powder or a porous end-burning grain, or a liquid missile explosive. The gun has a tight lock, a shell tightly placed in the barrel, a controlled or a spring device for fixation of the shell in the barrel and/or has a flange of limited strength on the shell. Prior to firing a liquid and/or gaseous light gas is supplied into the breech, and the missile explosive fills the breech partially. According to the second version the light-gas device differs by the fact that prior to firing into the breech they supply a liquid or gaseous or solid substance that decays when heated to release hydrogen, and/or reacting with combustion products of the missile explosive with hydrogen release, and the missile explosive fills the breech partially.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of firing.

14 cl

Description

The invention relates to artillery - to light-gas guns with a high initial speed, and to firearms - to sniper rifles.

Weapons are known in which a powder gas compresses a light gas (hydrogen), which then accelerates the projectile. Since the speed of sound in light gas is greater than in powder gases, a higher initial velocity of the projectile is achieved, see Internet, Wikipedia.

The disadvantage of this tool is the structural complexity, high weight, high cost of a shot, very low rate of fire.

OPTION 1. To eliminate these shortcomings, this gun (firearm) has a tight shutter, has a shell or bullet sealed in the barrel (hereinafter “shell”), has a controllable or spring-loaded device for fixing the shell in the barrel, and / or has a limited-strength flange on the shell (hereinafter referred to as flange), moreover, before firing into the breech, liquid and / or gaseous light gas is supplied. For example, hydrogen or helium. The best result will be achieved with the use of compressed gas, since there is no need to spend energy on its evaporation. However, this will require good sealing of the bolt and projectile, since the pressure will be higher.

So that light gas can be supplied to the breech, there must be a lockable hole in it. Better - in the lower back.

In order for the breech block to have the necessary free volume, the breech block is filled with propellant explosives (hereinafter referred to as MBV), which also includes gunpowder, in part, and the checker from MVV has a sufficient degree of porosity. The desired ratio of MVV and gas depends on the type of gas and is selected experimentally. When using liquefied gas, MBV should have an increased burning rate (it is clear why).

To better fill the breech with liquid gas, a lockable air outlet may be provided in the front upper part of the breech. The device for fixing the projectile is necessary so that the pressure of the supplied gas does not push the projectile out of the barrel ahead of time.

The controlled device may be an electromagnetic lock with a deadbolt. However, the managed device has significant drawbacks: the complexity, the difficulty of sealing, the presence of an electronic system for controlling this lock and the unpredictable consequences of a failure of the lock or system. Therefore, it is better to use one of the other two methods of fixing the projectile below.

The spring device for fixing the projectile can be a transverse latch located on the barrel or on the projectile or a longitudinal latch having an angle with the longitudinal axis of the gun less than the self-braking angle at a given coefficient of friction between contacting surfaces (it is better to use several latches).

Rebord of limited strength can be located on the projectile itself or on its leading belt (it is made of softer material), better - the back. And as a fixing element, it is good in that it simultaneously acts as a sealing element, especially in combination with an elastic cuff (but the desired degree of tightness can be achieved without a cuff). The breech of the gun should have a diameter greater than the caliber and not less than the diameter of the flange. And the transition from the breech to the trunk should have a fairly steep facet - 45-90 degrees.

In order not to cut the flange ahead of time, the projectile rammer should have limited force and, preferably, a little inertia, that is, mass. Or at the end of the rammer there should be a spring or spring-loaded pusher. The force of the spring, of course, should be less than the effort of cutting the flanges.

The principle of the gun’s operation is as follows: during MBB combustion, light gas mixes with the combustion products, and a mixture of gases with a lower average molecular weight is formed, the speed of sound of which will be greater than in powder gases. And, therefore, they can accelerate the projectile to a higher initial speed. Of course, the law of conservation of energy is preserved in this case - in order to achieve a higher projectile velocity, an MBV charge is required, at least to a second degree greater (and in reality, even greater).

In such a gun, it is impossible to disperse a projectile to the same initial speed as in a hydrogen gun. But you can achieve speeds that are not available for guns with a charge from MVV. And this in many cases may be enough from a practical point of view.

By the way, in order to reduce the average molecular weight of the resulting gases, it is desirable to use MBE, which gives few natural gases, for example, with the presence of aluminum powder, as well as having an ammonium group, for example, ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate.

OPTION 2. Hydrogen, especially liquid, is expensive, inconvenient in storage, transportation and use. And even more so - helium. In addition, due to the low density of light gases, it is difficult to place a sufficient amount in the breech. Therefore, in this embodiment, instead of light gas, a substance is decomposed when heated to produce hydrogen and / or reacts with the combustion products of MBB to produce hydrogen, for example, methane. It has a more affordable cryogenic temperature, greater density, and is much cheaper. It is possible to use ethane, propane or butane, but they have a lower percentage of hydrogen.

The principle of operation of this option is different - when heating during the combustion of MBE, the thermal decomposition of methane into hydrogen and carbon takes place - two molecules of hydrogen and solid carbon are obtained from one methane molecule. In addition, this reaction is exothermic, that is, additional thermal energy is also released in the breech of the gun.

OPTION 3. In this embodiment, thermal decomposition of another gas, ammonia, is used. When heated, it decomposes with the release of hydrogen and nitrogen in a ratio of molecules 3: 1. Since nitrogen is also liberated, the average molecular weight of the gas in this case will be greater than in variants 1 or 2, but the amount of gas liberated will be greater (recall, the carbon in option 2 is released in the solid phase). In addition, this reaction is balanced, and a small amount of ammonia in the gun’s barrel will remain. In addition, the decomposition reaction of ammonia is endothermic, that is, a small amount of the charge energy of the explosive charge must be spent on the decomposition of hydrogen. Therefore, the maximum projectile speed that can be achieved in this version will be less than in version 2. Therefore, we can say that it is more difficult to achieve high speeds in this version, but relatively moderate speeds of the order of 2000-2500 m / s are achieved more easily than in options 1 and 2.

The third option has good performance: ammonia is easily stored at normal temperature and is pumped into the breech of the gun in a liquefied state (critical temperature 132.30 ° C).

The principle of operation of this option is the same as option 2.

OPTION 4. In this embodiment, hydrazine is used as a degradable substance. However, it has some drawbacks: firstly, compared with ammonia, it has a lower hydrogen content, and secondly, at a temperature of + 2 ° C it goes into the solid phase, that is, when used in winter, it will have to be heated. But in the summer it is very convenient to use it - it is poured into the breech of the gun without excessive pressure.

The principle of operation of this option is the same as options 2 and 3.

OPTION 5. In this embodiment, diborane or tetraborane (boron compounds with hydrogen) is used as a decomposing substance. Diboran at a normal temperature is a gas (a critical temperature of 16.7 ° C), and tetraborane at a normal temperature liquefies even at low pressure (boiling point 18 ° C). Therefore, the latter is especially convenient, despite the lower percentage of hydrogen (18.9% versus 21.9%).

The principle of operation of this option is twofold: at high temperature, not only the decomposition of boranes occurs with the release of hydrogen, but also the boranes react with water vapor generated during the combustion of MBB, and hydrogen is also released.

OPTION 6. In this embodiment, the decomposing substance is a solid - metal hydrides, for example lithium or aluminum hydride. It is possible to use another hydride - silicon hydrogen or other silanes, but it requires careful handling - this is a gas that spontaneously ignites in air. Otherwise, the principle of operation of the gun is similar to options 2 and 3.

In operation, this option is especially convenient - solid hydrides can be initially added to the MBB or mixed with it before feeding into the breech of the gun. This, however, will require special storage conditions for charges and hydrides (sealing).

The principle of operation of this option is the same as in option 5, double.

Other substances known as saturated hydrocarbons, ethylene, divinyl, phosphine, hydrides of other metals, or discovered specifically for this purpose are possible as a hydrogen-releasing substance.

The gun works like this: a shell, for example, with a flange and a rubber cuff, is inserted into the barrel. The shutter closes. The inlet at the rear bottom of the breech opens and gas is supplied to the breech. If an outlet is provided, it opens for a split second. The charge of MVV is ignited. As the temperature rises during the combustion of the MBB, the light gas heats up, and methane, ammonia, or other substances mentioned decompose with the release of hydrogen. The average molecular weight of the gas in the gun’s barrel decreases, the speed of sound in it rises, and such a gas accelerates the projectile to speeds of 2500-3000 m / s.

After the shot, the cut flange and cuff will most likely fly into the barrel, but this must be checked visually or with an automatic depth gauge.

The invention does not need graphic materials.

Claims (14)

1. Light-gas gun containing a barrel, a bolt, a projectile and a charge of granular gunpowder or a porous powder bomber, or liquid propellant explosive, characterized in that it has an airtight bolt, a projectile tightly located in the barrel, a controlled or spring-loaded device for fixing the projectile in the barrel and / or has a flange of limited strength on the projectile, moreover, liquid and / or gaseous light gas is supplied to the breech before firing, and the propellant does not completely fill the breech. 2. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that the light gas is hydrogen or helium. 3. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that the breech has a lockable hole. 4. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper front of the breech there is a second lockable hole. 5. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that the controlled lock is an electromagnetic lock with a bolt. 6. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring-loaded locking device is a transverse spring-loaded latch located on the barrel or on the projectile, or a longitudinal spring-loaded latch having an angle with the longitudinal axis of the gun less than the angle of self-braking at a given coefficient of friction between contacting surfaces. 7. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the flange of limited strength is located on the rear driving belt of the projectile, the belt being located on the shell of the projectile tightly and the flange is separated from the breech by an elastic cuff. 8. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the projectile rammer has a limited force or has a spring or a spring-loaded pusher at the end, the spring force being less than the shearing force of the flange of limited strength. 9. Light-gas gun containing a barrel, a bolt, a projectile and a charge of granular gunpowder or a porous powder bomber, or liquid propellant explosive, characterized in that it has an airtight bolt, a shell hermetically located in the barrel, a controlled or spring-loaded device for fixing the shell in the barrel and / or has a flange of limited strength on the projectile, moreover, before firing into the breech, liquid or gaseous or solid substance is decomposed, decomposing when heated to produce hydrogen, and / or reacting with Recreatives Products propellant combustion with evolution of hydrogen and the propellant fills the breech not completely. 10. The tool according to claim 9, characterized in that the decomposing substance is methane, or ethane, or propane, or butane. 11. The gun according to claim 9, characterized in that the decomposing substance is ammonia. 12. The tool according to claim 9, characterized in that the substance that decomposes upon heating and reacts with the combustion products of a propellant explosive is hydrazine. 13. The tool according to claim 9, characterized in that the decomposing substance and the substance that reacts with the products of combustion of the propellant explosive is diborane or tetraborane. 14. The tool according to claim 9, characterized in that decomposed and reacted with the products of combustion of the propellant explosive are metal hydrides, for example lithium or aluminum hydride or silanes.