RU2570011C1 - Charge for light gas gun-ii (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: oxygen reacts only with boron hybrid metals (in compliance with the series of strains) while boron reacts exothermally with nitrogen to facilitate the reaction. Besides, the boron compounds, for example, boranes, boron hydrides, release a great amount of hydrogen. Ammonia is added to up the amount of released hydrogen. The invention displaces the most energy-rich boranes of beryllium, aluminium, lithium, lithium-aluminium, silicon, tetraborane and decaborane in combination with the six different oxidisers: nitrogen pentoxide, ammonium nitrate, ammonium dinitroamide, boron nitrate, beryllium nitrate, nitrogen hexoxide.

EFFECT: higher muzzle velocity.

33 cl

Description

The invention relates to propellant explosives, that is, to mixed gunpowders, then MVV, (it is time to introduce a separate subclass - MVV with the release of hydrogen or predominantly hydrogen) and has an increased hydrogen evolution compared to other reactions.

Charges for light-gas weapons are known, see, for example, my pat. No. 2488672, 2490244 and the like, which during combustion emit pure hydrogen from gases, or mainly hydrogen. The heat dissipation of these charges is good, but the amount of hydrogen is small.

The objective and technical result of the invention is to increase the initial velocity of shells and bullets by releasing mainly hydrogen, and by rational use of two energy reactions - oxidation of carbon, boron or metals, and the formation of boron nitride. As well as an increase in gas evolution of the reaction. As well as regulation of the reaction rate.

This goal is achieved, firstly, by the fact that a “half-burning” reaction of hydrides and borohydrides occurs (that is, only a metal is oxidized, sometimes boron). And secondly, the fact that there is a second energy reaction - the reaction of boron with nitrogen with the formation of boron nitride. At a temperature of 800-1200 degrees C, the reaction occurs:

That is, an additional heat release of 23.37 kJ / g is obtained per unit of added boron. Such an additive will improve the heat dissipation of any MBB.

It is clear that the number of boron and nitrogen atoms should be related as 1: 1 + -20% (not counting those cases when boron is also used as the main fuel).

The reaction of formation of boron nitride is better in the presence of reducing agents - coal, soot, graphite, graphene, hydrogen. In some reactions, carbon is released, therefore, they do not need additional reducing agents; in other cases, it is recommended to add finely dispersed coal, graphite, soot or graphene in an amount of 0.0001-1% (optimally 0.01-0.1%). The presence of hydrogen in the reaction products reduces or even eliminates the need for carbon.

In MVV, triple (three initial components) two-energy reactions are possible (two energy reactions: oxygen metal and nitrogen-boron) of the “borohydride-oxidizer-hydride” type (they were examined by me earlier). They provide good heat dissipation. But sometimes it is more useful to increase the amount of hydrogen evolved and lower the reaction temperature in order to prevent heat loss due to evaporation or melting of the solid components of the reaction, to prevent hydrogen contamination by the vapors of these substances and reduce the height of the barrel. For this, ammonia can be added to the reaction. Of course, the sleeve of such cartridges or artillery rounds must be tight and strong enough to withstand the pressure of liquefied ammonia. MVV in this case is a powder impregnated with liquid ammonia.

Consider the compositions of such MVV with some of the most promising compounds.

COMPOUNDS OF BERILLIA.

The use of beryllium, lithium and aluminum hydrides is known in the small arms industry, but they are used in other combinations and with a different amount of oxidizing agent. Let us consider the reactions of the most energetic beryllium hydride and borohydride with various oxidizing agents.

The ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 41.21% + - 15%, nitrogen pentoxide - 24.67% + - 15%, ammonia - 31.12% + - 15% (hereinafter - mass%).

The ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 43.93% + - 15%, ammonium nitrate 30.29% + - 15%, ammonia - 25.78% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 44.60% + - 15%, ammonium dinitramide (hereinafter DND) - 35.76% + - 15%, ammonia - 19.64% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 42.60% + - 15%, boron nitrate 24.07% + - 20%, ammonia - 33.33% + - 15%. The initial amount of ammonia in this reaction is too large, and the heat release is small, so it is advisable to add beryllium hydride to the previous reaction, and a parallel reaction will occur:

The ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 17.20% + - 15%, boron nitrate - 58.30% + - 20%, beryllium hydride - 24.50% + - 10%. By combining these two reactions, you can achieve the desired optimal initial ammonia content. That is, the reaction will be four-component. The same method can be applied to all the reactions considered above and below.

Also, all of the above and below described reactions can be combined with each other to obtain the desired overall reaction rate.

Further:

The ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 41.81% + - 15%, beryllium nitrate - 28.75% + - 15%, ammonia - 29.44% + - 15%.

With the recently discovered substance N3O6, a reaction is possible:

The ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 44.35% + - 15%, nitrogen hexoxide - 26.37% + - 15%, ammonia - 29.28% + - 15%.

A side reaction may occur of the formation of water from hydrogen, but at such temperatures, beryllium hydride or beryllium itself will react with water vapor and decompose the water back to hydrogen.

A side reaction of the formation of boron oxide may occur, but in the presence of the above-mentioned reducing agents, it will react with nitrogen to form boron nitride.

COMPOUNDS OF LITHIUM-ALUMINUM.

A cheaper chemical reaction can also be a triple dual-energy reaction of lithium or aluminum and their compounds with the participation of boron. Lithium has the second heat release after beryllium per unit mixture — 19.93 kJ / g, and aluminum — in fourth place — 16.43 kJ / g mixture. But aluminum has other advantages - it is not deficient and non-toxic. Lithium is difficult to separate with aluminum, and therefore their complex compound is most common.

The reaction of lithium borohydride:

The ratio of components: lithium borohydride - 47.55% + - 15%, ammonium dinitramide - 33.85% + - 15%, ammonia - 18.60% + - 15%.

Or the same reaction with aluminum borohydride is possible:

The ratio of components: aluminum borohydride - 49.80% + - 15%, ammonium dinitramide - 32.40% + - 15%, ammonia - 17.80% + - 15%.

The reaction of DND with lithium aluminum borohydride is the sum of these two reactions (hereinafter, it should also be borne in mind that the reaction with lithium aluminum is equivalent to two reactions - with lithium and aluminum).

Consider the possible reactions:

The ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 48.85% + - 15%, nitrogen pentoxide - 22.62% + - 15%, ammonia - 28.53% + - 10%.

The ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 48.57% + - 15%, ammonium nitrate - 27.78% + - 15%, ammonia - 23.65% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 49.26% + - 15%, ammonium dinitramide - 32.75% + - 15%, ammonia - 17.99% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 47.22% + - 15%, boron nitrate - 22.14% + - 15%, ammonia - 30.64% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 46.41% + - 15%, beryllium nitrate - 26.47% + - 15%, ammonia - 27.12% + - 15%.

With the recently discovered substance N3O6, a reaction is possible:

The ratio of the components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 49.00% + - 15%, nitrogen dioxide - 24.16% + - 15%, ammonia - 26.34% + - 15%.

SILICON COMPOUNDS.

Silicon is in fifth place in terms of heat release from the reaction with oxygen - 15.06 kJ / g-mixture. But it has another advantage - it is one of the most widely distributed elements in nature, and its oxide is completely non-toxic.

Silicon borohydride and ammonia with different oxidizing agents can be used.

The ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 47.22% + - 15%, nitrogen pentoxide - 23.33% + - 15%, ammonia - 29.46% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 46.96% + - 15%, anhydrous ammonium nitrate - 28.65% + - 15%, ammonia - 24.39% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 47.65% + - 15%, ammonium dinitramide - 33.80% + - 15%, ammonia - 18.55% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 45.61% + - 15%, boron nitrate - 22.81% + - 15%, ammonia - 31.58% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 44.81% + - 15%, beryllium nitrate - 27.26% + - 15%, ammonia - 27.92% + - 15%.

With the recently discovered substance N3O6, a reaction is possible:

The ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 47.39% + - 15%, nitrogen dioxide - 24.93% + - 15%, ammonia - 27.68% + - 15%.

BORON COMPOUNDS - TETRABORANE (liquid).

Boron is in third place in terms of heat release from the reaction with oxygen - 18.02 kJ / g-mixture.

Boron can act both as a fuel and as a source of a second energy reaction with nitrogen. The most promising tetraborane is that it contains slightly less hydrogen than diborane (2.5 hydrogen atoms per 1 boron atom instead of 3), but it easily liquefies (+ 18 ° C), and has about 4 times higher density in the liquefied state than diboran in a supercritical state. Decaboran is even more convenient to handle - it is solid, but it contains little hydrogen - only 1.4 hydrogen atoms per 1 boron atom.

Consider the reactions of tetraborane with various oxidizing agents. It should be borne in mind that since boron is a combustible substance in these reactions and reacts with nitrogen, the ratio of components can be different. That is why such large tolerances of the content of ingredients are taken in the sections of the “boron compound”. That is, each reaction with boranes represents two parallel reactions (the same applies to decaborane, see below):

The ratio of components: tetraboran - 43.91% + - 15%, ammonia - 56.09% + - 15%. And the second reaction:

The ratio of components: tetraboran - 39.69% + - 15%, nitrogen pentoxide - 60.31% + - 15%. By combining these two reactions, one can obtain various combinations of reaction coefficients, including fractional ones. For example:

The ratio of components: tetraboran - 40.49% + - 35%, nitrogen pentoxide - 49.17% + - 45%, ammonia - 10.34% + - 10%.

The ratio of components: tetraboran - 41.85% + - 35%, ammonium nitrate - 31.41% + - 25%, ammonia - 26.74% + - 25%.

The ratio of components: tetraboran - 42.08% + - 35%, DND - 48.96% + - 40%, ammonia - 8.96% + - 8%.

The ratio of components: tetraborane - 37.65% + - 35%, boron nitrate - 46.32% + - 45%, ammonia - 16.03% + - 16%.

The ratio of components: tetraboran - 36.33% + - 35%, beryllium nitrate - 54.38% + - 40%, ammonia - 9.29% + - 9%.

The ratio of the components: tetraborane - 40.75% + - 35%, nitrogen dioxide - 52.74% + - 40%, ammonia - 6.51% + - 6%.

BORON COMPOUNDS - DECABORAN (solid).

As mentioned above, all reactions with boranes are two parallel reactions, for example, the reactions \ 26-a \ and \ 26-b \. Consider the reactions of tetraborane with various oxidizing agents:

The ratio of components: decaboran - 38.40% + - 35%, nitrogen pentoxide - 50.90% + - 45%, ammonia - 10.70% + - 10%.

The ratio of components: decaboran - 39.12% + - 35%, ammonium nitrate - 42.71% + - 35%, ammonia - 18.17% + - 18%.

The ratio of components: decaboran - 40.33% + - 35%, DND - 40.94% + - 35%, ammonia - 18.73% + - 18%.

The ratio of components: decaboran - 34.61% + - 25%, boron nitrate - 55.74% + - 30%, ammonia - 9.65% + - 9%.

The ratio of components: decaboran - 34.35% + - 25%, beryllium nitrate - 56.08% + - 30%, ammonia - 9.57% + - 9%.

The ratio of components: decaboran - 39.26% + - 35%, nitrogen dioxide - 44.33% + - 35%, ammonia - 16.41% + - 16%.

To obtain the desired reaction rate or for other reasons (profitability, shelf life), all of the above substances can be mixed by themselves in various combinations and in various proportions. The efficiency of such a mixture is ensured, since all reactions are of the same type.

For an additional amount of hydrogen or to lower the temperature (to reduce the height of the barrel), all mixtures may contain an additional amount of metal borohydrides or boron hydrides. During thermal decomposition, these substances emit a relatively large amount of hydrogen. For example:

All of the listed hydrogen-emitting MVVs will significantly increase the defense capability of our country.

Claims (33)

1. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 41.21 ± 15 wt.%, Nitrogen pentoxide - 24.67 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 31.12 ± 15 wt. .%. 2. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 43.93 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonium nitrate 30.29 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 25.78 ± 15 wt. % 3. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 44.60 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonium dinitramide (DND) - 35.76 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 19.64 ± 15 wt.%. 4. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 42.60 ± 15 wt.%, Boron nitrate 24.07 ± 20 wt.%, Ammonia - 33.33 ± 15 wt. % 5. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 41.81 ± 15 wt. %, beryllium nitrate - 28.75 ± 15 wt.%, ammonia - 29.44 ± 15 wt.%. 6. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 44.35 ± 15 wt.%, Nitrogen hexoxide - 26.37 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 29.28 ± 15 wt. .%. 7. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: lithium borohydride - 47.55 ± 15 wt. %, ammonium dinitramide - 33.85 ± 15 wt.%, ammonia - 18.60 ± 15 wt.%. 8. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: aluminum borohydride - 49.80 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonium dinitramide - 32.40 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 17.80 ± 15 wt. .%. 9. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 48.85 ± 15 wt.%, Nitrogen pentoxide - 22.62 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 28.53 ± 10 wt.%. 10. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 48.57 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonium nitrate - 27.78 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 23.65 ± 15 wt.%. 11. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 49.26 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonium dinitramide-32.75 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 17.99 ± 15 wt.%. 12. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 47.22 ± 15 wt.%, Boron nitrate - 22.14 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 30.64 ± 15 wt.%. 13. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 46.41 ± 15 wt.%, Beryllium nitrate - 26.47 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 27.12 ± 15 wt.%. 14. Throwing explosive for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 49.00 ± 15 wt.%, Nitrogen dioxide - 24.16 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 26.34 ± 15 wt.%. 15. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 47.22 ± 15 wt.%, Nitrogen pentoxide - 23.33 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 29.46 ± 15 wt. .%. 16. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 46.96 ± 15 wt.%, Anhydrous ammonium nitrate - 28.65 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 24.39 ± 15 wt.%. 17. Throwing explosive for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 47.65 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonium dinitramide - 33.80 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 18.55 ± 15 wt. .%. 18. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 45.61 ± 15 wt.%, Boron nitrate - 22.81 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 31.58 ± 15 wt. .%. 19. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 44.81 ± 15 wt.%, Beryllium nitrate - 27.26 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 27.92 ± 15 wt. .%. 20. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 47.39 ± 15 wt.%, Nitrogen dioxide - 24.93 ± 15 wt.%, Ammonia - 27.68 ± 15 wt. .%. 21. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: tetraborane - 40.49 ± 35 wt.%, Nitrogen pentoxide - 49.17 ± 45 wt.%, Ammonia - 10.34 ± 10 wt.%. 22. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: tetraborane - 41.85 ± 35 wt.%, Ammonium nitrate - 31.41 ± 25 wt.%, Ammonia - 26.74 ± 25 wt. % 23. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: tetraborane - 42.08 ± 35 wt.%, Ammonium dinitramide - 48.96 ± 40 wt.%, Ammonia - 8.96 ± 8 wt. % 24. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: tetraborane - 37.65 ± 35 wt.%, Boron nitrate - 46.32 ± 45 wt.%, Ammonia - 16.03 ± 16 wt. % 25. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: tetraborane - 36.33 ± 35 wt.%, Beryllium nitrate - 54.38 ± 40 wt.%, Ammonia - 9.29 ± 9 wt.% . 26. Throwing explosive for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: tetraborane - 40.75 ± 35 wt.%, Nitrogen dioxide - 52.74 ± 40 wt.%, Ammonia - 6.51 ± 6 wt. % 27. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: decaboran - 38.40 ± 35 wt.%, Nitrogen pentoxide - 50.90 ± 45 wt.%, Ammonia - 10.70 ± 10 wt. % 28. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: decaboran - 40.33 ± 35 wt.%, DND - 40.94 ± 35 wt.%, Ammonia - 18.73 ± 18 wt.% . 29. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: decaboran - 34.61 ± 25 wt.%, Boron nitrate - 55.74 ± 30 wt.%, Ammonia - 9.65 ± 9 wt. % 30. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: decaboran - 34.35 ± 25 wt.%, Beryllium nitrate - 56.08 ± 30 wt.%, Ammonia - 9.57 ± 9 wt. % 31. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: decaboran - 39.26 ± 35 wt.%, Nitrogen hexane - 44.33 ± 35 wt.%, Ammonia - 16.41 ± 16 wt. % 32. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons according to any one of paragraphs. 1-31, characterized in that it further comprises a hydride and / or borohydride of a metal or boron. 33. Throwing explosive for light gas weapons, characterized in that it is a mixture of substances according to any one of paragraphs. 1-32.