RU2607385C2 - Charge for light-gas gun - 12 (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting operations.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to throwing explosives, particularly mixed powders. Disclosed are versions of a charge for light-gas gun, containing boron hydride of beryllium, lithium, aluminium, lithium-aluminium or silicon, or tetraborane, or decaborane in combinations with six different oxidants: ammonium nitrate, ammonium dinitramide, boron nitrate, beryllium nitrate, nitrogen pentoxide nitrogen hexoxide. To increase amount of released hydrogen, hydrazine is added to charge. To increase reaction energy, hydrides or borohydrides of metals, as well as boron, can be added.

EFFECT: invention provides higher initial velocity of projectiles and bullets by releasing mainly hydrogen, increased gas release of reaction and control of rate of reaction.

34 cl

Description

The invention relates to propellant explosives, that is, to mixed powders, then MVV (it is time to introduce a separate subclass - MVV with the release of hydrogen or predominantly hydrogen), and has an increased hydrogen release compared to other reactions.

Charges for light-gas weapons are known, see, for example, US Pat. No. 2488672, 2490244 and the like, which, when burned, emit pure hydrogen or mainly hydrogen from gases. The heat dissipation of these charges is good, but the amount of hydrogen is small.

The objective and technical result of the invention is to increase the initial velocity of shells and bullets by releasing mainly hydrogen and by rationally applying two energy reactions — oxidation of carbon, boron or metals and the formation of boron nitride, as well as increasing the gas evolution of the reaction and controlling the reaction rate.

This goal is achieved, firstly, by the fact that the “half-burning” reaction of hydrides and borohydrides occurs (that is, only metal is oxidized, sometimes boron), and secondly, by the fact that the second energy reaction occurs - the reaction of boron with nitrogen to form boron nitride. At a temperature of 800-1200 degrees C, the reaction occurs:

That is, an additional heat release of 23.37 kJ / g is obtained per unit of added boron. Such an additive will improve the heat dissipation of any MBB.

It is clear that the number of boron and nitrogen atoms should be related as 1: 1 + -20% (not counting those cases when boron is also used as the main fuel).

The reaction of formation of boron nitride is better in the presence of reducing agents - coal, soot, graphite, graphene, hydrogen. In some reactions, carbon is released, therefore, they do not need additional reducing agents; in other cases, it is recommended to add finely divided coal, graphite, soot or graphene in an amount of 0.0001-1% (optimally 0.01-0.1%). The presence of hydrogen in the reaction products reduces or even eliminates the need for carbon.

In MVV, triple (three initial components) two-energy reactions are possible (two energy reactions: oxygen metal and nitrogen-boron) of the borohydride-oxidizer-hydride type (they were examined by me earlier). They provide good heat dissipation. But sometimes it is more useful to increase the amount of hydrogen evolved and lower the reaction temperature in order to prevent heat loss due to evaporation or melting of the solid components of the reaction, to prevent hydrogen contamination by the vapors of these substances and reduce the height of the barrel. For this, hydrazine can be added to the reaction. Of course, the sleeve of such cartridges or artillery rounds must be tight and strong enough to withstand the pressure of liquefied hydrazine. MVV in this case is a powder impregnated with liquid hydrazine.

Consider the compositions of such MVV with some of the most promising compounds.

BERILLIA COMPOUNDS

The use of beryllium, lithium and aluminum hydrides is known in the small arms industry, but they are used in other combinations and with a different amount of oxidizing agent. Let us consider the reactions of the most energetic beryllium hydride and borohydride with various oxidizing agents.

The ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 45.03% + - 15%, nitrogen pentoxide - 25.14% + - 15%, hydrazine - 29.83% + - 15% (hereinafter,% by weight).

The ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 44.61% + - 15%, ammonium nitrate 30.76% + - 15%, hydrazine - 24.63% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 45.14% + - 15%, ammonium dinitramide (hereinafter DND) - 36.17% + - 15%, hydrazine - 18.69% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 43.45% + - 15%, boron nitrate 24.56% + - 15%, hydrazine - 31.99% + - 15%. The initial amount of hydrazine in this reaction is too large, so it is advisable to add beryllium hydride to the previous reaction, and a parallel reaction will take place:

The ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 17.20% + - 15%, boron nitrate - 58.30% + - 20%, beryllium hydride - 24.50% + - 10%. By combining these two reactions, you can achieve the desired optimal initial ammonia content. That is, the reaction will turn out four-component. The same method can be applied to all the reactions considered above and below.

Also, all of the above and below described reactions can be combined with each other to obtain the desired overall reaction rate.

Further:

The ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 37.32% + - 15%, beryllium nitrate -37.96% + - 15%, hydrazine - 24.72% + - 15%.

With the recently discovered substance N3O6, a reaction is possible:

The ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 45.14% + - 15%, nitrogen hexoxide -26.83% + - 15%, hydrazine - 28.03% + - 15%.

A side reaction may occur of the formation of water from hydrogen, but at such temperatures, beryllium hydride or beryllium itself will react with water vapor and decompose the water back to hydrogen.

A side reaction of the formation of boron oxide may occur, but in the presence of the above-mentioned reducing agents, it will react with nitrogen to form boron nitride.

LITHIUM-ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS

A cheaper chemical reaction can also be a triple two-energy reaction of lithium or aluminum and their compounds with the participation of boron. Lithium has the second heat release after beryllium per unit mixture — 19.93 kJ / g, and aluminum — in fourth place — 16.43 kJ / g mixture. But aluminum has other advantages: it is not deficient and non-toxic. Lithium is difficult to separate with aluminum, and therefore their complex compound is most common.

The reaction of lithium borohydride:

The ratio of components: lithium borohydride -48.08% + - 15%, ammonium dinitramide -34.23% + - 15%, hydrazine - 17.69% + - 15%.

Or the same reaction with aluminum borohydride is possible:

The ratio of components: aluminum borohydride - 50.33% + - 15%, ammonium dinitramide - 32.75% + - 15%, hydrazine - 16.92% + - 15%.

The reaction of DND with lithium aluminum borohydride is the sum of these two reactions (hereinafter, it should also be borne in mind that the reaction with lithium aluminum is equivalent to two reactions - with lithium and aluminum).

Consider the possible reactions:

The ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 49.68% + - 15%, nitrogen pentoxide - 23.01% + - 15%, hydrazine - 27.31% + - 10%.

The ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 49.26% + - 15%, ammonium nitrate - 28.18% + - 15%, hydrazine - 22.56% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride -49.79% + - 15%, ammonium dinitramide -33.10% + - 15%, hydrazine - 17.11% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 48.09% + - 15%, boron nitrate - 22.55% + - 15%, hydrazine - 29.36% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 47.17% + - 15%, beryllium nitrate - 26.90% + - 15%, hydrazine - 25.93% + - 15%.

With the recently discovered substance N3O6, a reaction is possible:

The ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 49.79% + - 15%, nitrogen dioxide - 24.55% + - 15%, hydrazine - 25.66% + - 15%.

SILICON COMPOUNDS

Silicon is in fifth place in terms of heat release from the reaction with oxygen - 15.06 kJ / g of mixture. But it has another advantage - it is one of the most widely distributed elements in nature and its oxide is completely non-toxic.

Silicon borohydride and ammonia with different oxidizing agents can be used.

The ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 48.07% + - 15%, nitrogen pentoxide - 23.75% + - 15%, hydrazine - 28.18% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 47.65% + - 15%, anhydrous ammonium nitrate - 29.07% + - 15%, hydrazine - 23.28% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 48.17% + - 15%, ammonium dinitramide - 34.17% + - 15%, hydrazine - 17.66% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 48.48% + - 15%, boron nitrate - 19.94% + - 15%, hydrazine - 31.58% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 45.56% + - 15%, beryllium nitrate -27.72% + - 15%, hydrazine - 26.72% + - 15%.

With the recently discovered substance N3O6, a reaction is possible:

The ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 48.17% + - 15%, nitrogen dioxide -25.35% + - 15%, hydrazine - 26.48% + - 15%.

BORON COMPOUNDS - TETRABORANE (liquid)

Boron is in third place in terms of heat release from the reaction with oxygen - 18.02 kJ / g of mixture.

Boron can act both as a fuel and as a source of a second energy reaction with nitrogen. The most promising tetraborane is that it contains slightly less hydrogen than diborane (2.5 hydrogen atoms per 1 boron atom instead of 3), but it easily liquefies (+ 18 ° С) and has about 4 times higher density in the liquefied state than diboran in supercritical state. Decaboran is even more convenient to handle - it is solid, but it contains little hydrogen - only 1.4 hydrogen atoms per 1 boron atom.

Consider the reactions of tetraborane with various oxidizing agents. It should be borne in mind that since boron is a combustible substance in these reactions and reacts with nitrogen, the ratio of components can be different. That is why such large tolerances of the content of ingredients are taken in the section “boron compounds”. That is, each reaction with boranes represents two parallel reactions (the same applies to decaborane, see below):

The ratio of components: tetraboran - 45.41% + - 15%, hydrazine - 54.59% + - 15%. And the second reaction:

The ratio of components: tetraboran - 39.69% + - 15%, nitrogen pentoxide - 60.31% + - 15%. Combining these two reactions, you can get different combinations of reaction coefficients, including fractional ones.

Further:

The ratio of components: tetraboran - 40.72% + - 25%, nitrogen pentoxide - 49.49% + - 30%, hydrazine - 9.79% + - 9%.

The ratio of components: tetraboran - 42.52% + - 35%, ammonium nitrate - 31.92% + - 25%, hydrazine - 25.56% + - 25%.

The ratio of components: tetraboran - 42.31% + - 35%, DND - 49.22% + - 35%, hydrazine - 8.74% + - 8%.

The ratio of components: tetraboran - 38.01% + - 30%, boron nitrate - 46.76% + - 35%, hydrazine - 15.23% + - 15%.

The ratio of components: tetraboran - 36.53% + - 25%, beryllium nitrate - 54.69% + - 30%, hydrazine - 8.78% + - 8%.

The ratio of components: tetraboran - 40.91% + - 25%, nitrogen dioxide - 52.94% + - 30%, hydrazine - 6.15% + - 6%.

BORON COMPOUNDS - DECABORAN (solid).

As mentioned above, all reactions with boranes are two parallel reactions, for example, the reactions \ 26-a \ and \ 26-b \. Consider the reactions of tetraborane with various oxidizing agents:

The ratio of components: decaboran - 38.64% + - 25%, nitrogen pentoxide - 51.23% + - 35%, hydrazine - 10.13% + - 10%.

The ratio of components: decaboran - 38.88% + - 25%, ammonium nitrate - 50.92% + - 35%, hydrazine - 10.20% + - 10%.

The ratio of components: decaboran - 40.78% + - 35%, DND - 41.40% + - 35%, hydrazine - 17.82% + - 17%.

The ratio of components: decaboran - 34.81% + - 25%, boron nitrate - 56.06% + - 30%, hydrazine - 9.13% + - 9%.

The ratio of components: decaboran - 34.54% + - 25%, beryllium nitrate - 56.40% + - 30%, hydrazine - 9.06% + - 9%.

The ratio of components: decaboran - 39.64% + - 25%, nitrogen dioxide - 44.77% + - 35%, hydrazine - 15.59% + - 15%.

To control the reaction rate, the above reactions can be mixed with each other in any proportions, or a metal or boron hydride and / or borohydride can be added to any of the above charges. Moreover, the latter practically do not participate in the course of the reaction, although they participate in a change in the concentration of reacting substances, it can be practically considered that they only undergo thermal decomposition with the evolution of hydrogen.

EXAMPLE 1: BeH2 = Be + H2.

EXAMPLE 2: B2H6 = 2B + 3H2.

These two examples give an example of borohydride,

EXAMPLE 3: Be (BH4) 2 = Be + 2B + 4H2.

All of the listed hydrogen-emitting MVVs will significantly increase the defense capability of our country.

Claims (34)

1. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 45.03% + 15%, nitrogen pentoxide -25.14% + 15%, hydrazine - 29.83% + 15% (here and further% mass). 2. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 44.61% + 15%, ammonium nitrate 30.76% + 15%, hydrazine - 24.63% + 15%. 3. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 45.14% + 15%, ammonium dinitramide (hereinafter DND) - 36.17% + 15%, hydrazine - 18.69% + 15 % 4. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 43.45% + 15%, boron nitrate 24.56% + 15%, hydrazine - 31.99% + 15%. 5. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 37.32% + 15%, beryllium nitrate -37.96% + 15%, hydrazine - 24.72% + 15%. 6. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: beryllium borohydride - 45.14% + 15%, nitrogen dioxide -26.83% + 15%, hydrazine - 28.03% + 15%. 7. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: lithium borohydride -48.08% + 15%, ammonium dinitramide -34.23% + 15%, hydrazine - 17.69% + 15%. 8. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: aluminum borohydride - 50.33% + 15%, ammonium dinitramide - 32.75% + 15%, hydrazine - 16.92% + 15%. 9. Charge a light gas weapon, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: borohydride, lithium aluminum - 49.68% + 15%, nitrogen pentoxide -23,01% + 15% hydrazine - 27.31% + 10%. 10. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 49.26% + 15%, ammonium nitrate - 28.18% + 15%, hydrazine - 22.56% + 15%. 11. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride -49.79% + 15%, ammonium dinitramide -33.10% + 15%, hydrazine - 17.11% + 15%. 12. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 48.09% + 15%, boron nitrate -22.55% + 15%, hydrazine - 29.36% + 15%. 13. The charge to the light-gas weapon, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: borohydride, lithium aluminum - 47.17% + 15%, beryllium nitrate - 26.90% + 15% hydrazine - 25.93% + 15%. 14. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: lithium aluminum borohydride - 49.79% + 15%, nitrogen dioxide - 24.55% + 15%, hydrazine - 25.66% + 15%. 15. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 48.07% + 15%, nitrogen pentoxide -23.75% + 15%, hydrazine - 28.18% + 15%. 16. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 47.65% + 15%, anhydrous ammonium nitrate - 29.07% + 15%, hydrazine - 23.28% + 15%. 17. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 48.17% + 15%, ammonium dinitramide -34.17% + 15%, hydrazine - 17.66% + 15%. 18. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 48.48% + 15%, boron nitrate - 19.94% + 15%, hydrazine - 31.58% + 15%. 19. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 45.56% + 15%, beryllium nitrate -27.72% + 15%, hydrazine - 26.72% + 15%. 20. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: silicon borohydride - 48.17% + 15%, nitrogen dioxide -25.35% + 15%, hydrazine - 26.48% + 15%. 21. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: tetraborane - 40.72% + 25%, nitrogen pentoxide - 49.49% + 30%, hydrazine - 9.79% + 9%. 22. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: tetraborane - 42.52% + 35%, ammonium nitrate - 31.92% + 25%, hydrazine - 25.56% + 25%. 23. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: tetraborane - 42.31% + 35%, ammonium dinitramide - 49.22% + 35%, hydrazine - 8.74% + 8%. 24. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: tetraborane - 38.01% + 30%, boron nitrate - 46.76% + 35%, hydrazine - 15.23% + 15%. 25. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: tetraborane - 36.53% + 25%, beryllium nitrate - 54.69% + 30%, hydrazine - 8.78% + 8%. 26. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: tetraborane - 40.91% + 25%, nitrogen dioxide - 52.94% + 30%, hydrazine - 6.15% + 6%. 27. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: decaboran - 38.64% + 25%, nitrogen pentoxide - 51.23% + 35%, hydrazine - 10.13% + 10%. 28. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: decaboran - 38.88% + 25%, ammonium nitrate - 50.92% + 35%, hydrazine - 10.20% + 10%. 29. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: decaboran - 40.78% + 35%, DND - 41.40% + 35%, hydrazine - 17.82% + 17%. 30. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: decaboran - 34.81% + 25%, boron nitrate - 56.06% + 30%, hydrazine - 9.13% + 9%. 31. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: decaboran - 34.54% + 25%, beryllium nitrate - 56.40% + 30%, hydrazine - 9.06% + 9%. 32. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it has the following ratio of components: decaboran - 39.64% + 25%, nitrogen dioxide - 44.77% + 35%, hydrazine - 15.59% + 15%. 33. Charge for light-gas weapons according to any one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that it further comprises a metal hydride and / or borohydride. 34. Charge for light-gas weapons, characterized in that it is a mixture of charges according to any one of paragraphs.1-33.