RU2474511C1 - Underwater rescue complex with built-in multifunctional capsules - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to marine rescue operations. Proposed complex may be installed inside submarine or surface ship hull, or delivered to submerged submarine or surface ship to allow crew rescue by "dry process". Internal capsule is released from external capsule via ejection hatches similarly to torpedoes. Said capsules may be used as ballast tanks or fresh water, compressed air, diving gases, etc, storage and supply tanks. Besides, used are docking and surface modules. All modules of proposed complex with crews inside may be delivered to sunk ships and submarines by rescue ships or aircraft and paradroped. After surfacing, said capsules may be used as decompression chambers.

EFFECT: notable decreased on rescue terms.

9 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The underwater rescue complex with embedded multifunctional capsules refers to the means of saving people from sunken surface ships and submarines. The present invention, hereinafter referred to as the complex, can be installed in the hull of a submarine or surface vessel, as well as delivered and docked to the flooded boat to save people in a "dry way".

Various means of rescue from sunken submarines are known. The Englishman Davis patented an underwater observation camera in 1912, and in 1931 received a patent for an individual breathing apparatus to save submariners. Since the late 1920s, "Davis cameras" have been installed in submarines - a kind of emergency rescue hatches. In the 1930s, Belloni hoods and Mamsen's individual breathing apparatus appeared. At the same time, the production of the McKenna rescue chamber was begun. In the 1960s, rescue underwater vehicles developed. The submarines began to install pop-up rescue chambers of reusable and single-use action, autonomous and tethered, underwater tethered rescue chambers, guided underwater shells and rescue submarines appeared.

We will take the rescue chamber or McKenn’s bell for the prototype http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ McKenn’s rescue chamber. The McKenna Bell is a robust cylindrical structure that is lowered from the side of a rescue vessel on a cable. The inner part of the bell from the lower open part is protected by a bulkhead with a hatch. There is another hatch in the upper part of the bell, through which you can get into or out of the bell. After the flooding of the boat, the submariners give up the buoy, raising the guide cable, fixed at a special flat section of the deck above the entrance hatch of the submarine, called the coaming area. The bell is lowered under water on its own cable, and the rescue guide cable is fixed to the winch and is selected by it when immersed. The bell is pulled to the submarine's entrance hatch and stands on the coamings. Operators inside the bell pump water from the bottom of the bell; as a result, under the influence of hydrostatic pressure, it is pressed to the coaming area. The lower hatch of the bell and the entrance hatch of the boat open, and the submariners pass into the bell. Hatches are lifted up, the lower part of the bell is filled with water, and it, having separated from the coaming area, rises to the surface. With a greater number of divers, the operation is repeated more than once.

The disadvantages of the bell include: a long time for delivering a bell to a flooded boat and making several bell trips, the difficulty of rescue operations from sunken boats with a large roll and trim.

The proposed complex eliminates these shortcomings. The claimed invention solves the problem of obtaining a means of salvation, which can fundamentally reduce the time of salvation of people from flooded boats and ships.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the design of the complex consists of functional modules that are joined together, while the capsule module contains several multifunctional capsules embedded in each other. Due to their relatively small dimensions, the modules can be built into the hull of the boat and / or delivered to the rescue site by rescue vessels or air transport, parachuting with the crew inside. The number of enclosed capsules and the possibility of transportation by air significantly reduces the time of the rescue operation.

The technical result will be the creation of a means of rescuing people from sunken boats, which reduces the time of rescue operations.

In Fig. 1, a capsule module of three embedded multifunctional capsules with delivery hatches. An inner capsule 3 is inserted into the outer capsule 1 with the delivery hatch 2 fixed to it, with the delivery hatch 4 fixed to it, in which another small capsule 5 is in turn inserted without the delivery hatch.

In Fig.2 the same capsule module in section, with the entrance hatch 6 of the small capsule, the entrance hatch 7 of the inner capsule and the entrance hatch 8 of the outer capsule, and the shell 9 of the butt assembly. Also shown is a part of the docking module integrated in the boat's hull, here the butt assembly of the shell 10 and the access hatch 11. There are sealed bulkheads 12 between the capsules.

In Fig. 3, a docking module, not built into the boat, but delivered to it. The housing 13 has several identical butt assemblies, comprising shells and pressurized hatches with or without portholes, for example, a node 10 for docking with a capsule module, a node 14 for docking with a boat, and a node 15 for docking with other modules. Removable 16 and / or non-removable 17 lead screws are mounted on the housing.

In Fig. 4, a variant of the docking module, on its housing 18 is a conical butt assembly 19 for docking to the tubes of torpedo tubes.

The axis of the nodes 10, 14, 15 and 19 can have different angles of inclination to the axis of the housing 18 and are located in different planes.

In Fig. 5, fixing devices for fixing the butt assembly 14 of the docking module to the boat entrance hatch 20 according to the type of clamp 21 and brackets 22 with bolted fasteners 23 in a section.

In Fig.6, the butt cone assembly 19, made in the form of a sealed pipe from the alternating cylindrical and conical rings fastened alternately, is inserted into the torpedo tube 24 in a section. The largest diameter rings are fixed to the housing of the docking module, then pipes and cones with a smaller diameter are attached to them, and at the end of the assembly the ring has the smallest diameter, for example, it must be deliberately less than 533 mm. On the outer surface of the cone assembly, ring or segment seals 25 are mounted on the basis of strong elastic materials providing sealing of the gap between the torpedo tube 24 and the cone assembly 19 inserted into it. A conduit 26 is fastened inside the cone assembly through which openings 27 in the conical assembly into the aforementioned the gap is supplied quick-hardening mixture 28.

In Fig. 7, the hull 29 of a sunken boat lying on the ground with a 90 ° roll, to its entrance hatch 20 a complex of docked two docking modules 30 with three capsule modules 31 is docked. Turning Fig. 5 counterclockwise by 90 °, we get an image of the boat without a roll. As you can see, saving people is possible from a boat with a roll or trim of more than 90 °.

On Fig in the tube 24 of the torpedo tube of the boat 29 introduced a conical butt assembly of the docking module 30, docked with one capsule module 31.

OPTION OF THE COMPLEX INTEGRATED IN THE BOAT

The capsule module is placed and mounted in the airlock compartment with a large outer hatch and valves for receiving and removing sea water, not shown in the drawings. Between the capsules there are bulkheads 12 fixed to one of the capsules with a one-piece sealed connection, to the other a sealed detachable, due to the presence of a sealant attached to the edge of the bulkhead and / or on the capsule. Capsules are attached and fixed to each other using locks, latches or clips controlled remotely, hereinafter referred to as capsule clips. Open capsule latches release smaller capsules for exit and ascent. All hatches are airtight, open, close and lock in open and closed positions from the inside of the capsules and / or from the docking modules with locks using remote control devices, hereinafter referred to as controlled locks. Giving caps hatches provides installation and return or exit nested capsules. Brackets can be mounted inside the capsules for installing reinforcing collapsible bulkheads and additional power elements, fastening insurance for people like safety belts or similar and other items, such as spray cans or first-aid kits. Pipes penetrating inside the capsules are tightly fixed in capsules or hatches, connected by fittings to shut-off valves, valves, pumps, autonomous power supplies and other elements outside and / or inside the capsules, to remove water from each capsule one pipe and etch or start air through another, hereinafter referred to as the pumping device. Inside the airlock of the boat, the external and internal capsules, guide cylinders with compressed air and other equipment are attached to ensure the return or release of the enclosed capsules, similar to torpedo tubes, hereinafter referred to as the recoil device. In different parts of the hull of the boat several capsule modules can be installed, for example, in the bow, stern and / or other compartments. Capsule modules are multifunctional, before their intended use they can be used as ballast tanks, as a storage of drinking water, as compressed air cylinders for purging ballast, as cylinders with breathing mixtures for refueling individual breathing apparatus. The inclusion of modules in the design of the boat with a decrease in the volume and weight of the above devices will not fundamentally affect the volume and weight of the boat. The most important arguments for installing several modules will be the ability to save people from different compartments if there is no passage between them for known reasons, and the ability to use other modules if one of the modules or the compartment where it is installed will be destroyed.

The option without a docking module and without access hatches in capsules is possible. In this case, the entrance hatch of the airlock compartment is located near the delivery hatches through which you can enter the capsules.

Capsule modules and delivery hatches can be of various shapes and located in the boat at different angles to the axis of the boat. If, however, there are not enough places in the capsules for the evacuation of the entire crew of the boat, you can return the capsules, for which use a cable with a winch.

Kickback devices, pumping devices, caps locks, operated locks, airtight manholes and bulkheads, brackets, winches, cables, insurance, etc. are not described and are not shown on the drawings, because known to specialists of the prior art and are not distinguishing features of the invention.

After making a decision to leave the boat, you must: enter the docking module, open the airlock valves and return hatches 2 and 4, take seawater into the airlock and capsules 1 and 3 with simultaneous etching of the air through pump devices or without etching; open the access hatch 11 of the butt assembly 10 and alternately the access hatches 8, 7 and 6; in parallel, after equalization of pressure, open the outer hatch of the boat; enter the small capsule 5; close hatches 6 and 7, turn on the recoil device to release the small capsule. Next, a small capsule comes out and pops up. After the small capsule exits, close the hatch 4, pump out water from the capsule 3, open the inlet hatch 7, enter the capsule 3, close the hatches 7 and 8, give the capsule 3, which also pops up. Then close the hatch 2, pump out water from the capsule 1, open the inlet 8, enter the capsule 1, close the hatches 8 and 11, take the intake water into the compartment between nodes 9-10 or, alternatively, apply excess air pressure there and give the capsule 1. Alternatively, the capsule 1 can exit without or together with the butt assembly 9, for which the assembly is previously undocked, or, alternatively, the capsule is joined to the assembly 10, but the assembly 9 does not. The angle of inclination of the capsules from the vertical at the exit can be from 0 ° to 90 ° or more, therefore the release or return of the capsules is possible both after the flooding of the boat, and / or at the time of uncontrolled submersion of the boat with a trim of 90 ° or more.

The gain in time is obvious, because there is no need to wait for the capsules to return, ballast is taken to equalize the pressure and the hatches open only once, the capsule exit interval is minimal and equal to the closing time of the dispensing manhole, removing water from the capsule, people entering it, opening and closing the entrance hatches .

OPTION OF THE COMPLEX DELIVERED TO THE BOAT

If the design of the sunken boat does not have built-in modules, then you can save people by delivering capsule and docking modules from the outside and docking them with the boat. The delivered capsule module does not differ from the built-in ones, it does not have fundamental differences and the sequence of actions for the release of capsules. The main differences are the docking modules, they can be self-propelled or without running. Self-propelled docking vehicles have the ability to maneuver for approaching and docking to capsule modules and a boat. The self-propelled docking module has an engine, transmission, removable or non-removable rudders, batteries, ballast tanks, pipelines, compressed air cylinders, breathing mixture cylinders, controls, lighting devices, communication equipment, hydroacoustic devices, anchors, cables, winches and more equipment necessary for independent movement, docking with the capsule module on the water surface or under water, control of the capsule module and its parts and saving people. Docking modules without running do not have an engine, rudders, etc., and other underwater vehicles or surface vessels are involved in towing and docking with the sunken boat.

The division of the complex into separate mating parts allows you to create modules of relatively small dimensions, allowing them to be transported not only by special vessels, but also by air. The docking module can be dropped with a crew of 1-2 people inside, for which purpose special devices are needed in the module, to which the crew is fastened during landing, hereinafter referred to as landing chairs. All modules must have hooks and eyes for attaching the parachute and brake systems, as well as cables for pulling the modules to each other and docking in the surface or underwater positions. In the design of the module, it is necessary to have small ballast tanks that provide the modules with the necessary roll or trim when docking with the sunken boat. The edges of the butt joints have a special seal for tight contact with the hull of the boat.

Upon receipt of information about the accident, the modules and crews are loaded into transport aircraft at the nearest air base, if the distance to the sunken boat is large, or to rescue ships in the nearest port, if the distance is short. Modules from aircraft are dropped by parachutes with the crew inside or lowered by rescue vessels in close proximity to the flooding site. The gain in time is obvious.

If the situation at sea is calm, the modules are joined together in a surface position, if there is a big wave or storm at sea, the modules are coupled by cables and plunged autonomously to a depth where the impact of the storm is insignificant, and are joined in underwater position. Further, the docked complex under its own power approaches the sunken boat. To reduce the effects of underwater current, the docking module anchors upstream of the boat to eliminate the effects of the current on docking and rescue operations.

Using small ballast tanks, the required roll and trim of the docking module are provided, and its spindles create force and press one of its docking assemblies close to the boat entrance hatch. Next, water is pumped out of the cavity of the butt assembly. Under the force of the propellers and / or hydrostatic pressure, the docking module is pressed against the boat. The crew opens the hatches in the module and the boat, then the module on the boat is fixed with fixing devices. The anchorage must be thorough in order to ensure long-term communication of the complex with the boat. With a large roll and differential, and the sagging of the complex should be compensated by blowing small ballast tanks. Then you can save people who can alternately enter capsules and float in them.

For reliable connection to the torpedo tube, it is necessary that the length of the cone assembly and its rings, the angle of inclination of the axis of the assembly, and the diameters of the rings should be in such a combination that it is possible for the butt cone assembly to enter the torpedo tube with at least one cylindrical ring, even if the pipe is deepened into the hull of the boat and the surface of the hull of the boat at this point is not perpendicular to the axis of the torpedo tube.

Capsules of the delivered rescue modules can be used as containers before they can be used as rescue people, they can deliver cylinders with breathing mixtures, warm clothes and hot drinks to the flooded boat.

In addition, the complex may also include a surface module, which is a surface vessel of small displacement with the possibility of landing with a crew, used as a tug to collect and dock modules in the surface position. The surface module may have fuel, communications, inflatable boats, warm clothing, water, small food supplies and medicines.

At great depths, the water pressure is significant, and if necessary, the capsule design can be strengthened either by installing reinforcing collapsible bulkheads with additional power elements, or by increasing the pressure in the capsule. In this case, it is necessary to observe the decompression mode, and if the ascent has passed quickly, then people need to continue to be in capsules and lower the pressure in the capsules gradually. In this case, the capsules perform another function - they will be decompression chambers.

The aforementioned known devices are not described and are not shown in the drawings, because understandable to specialists.

If the dimensions of the cargo compartments of air transport aircraft allow, it is advisable to drop the capsule and docking modules in the docked form, which will further reduce the time for the rescue operation.

The complex, incorporating a self-propelled docking module, can be immersed and docked to a boat or vessel without the use of cables and cables. Capsule and docking modules can be built into the design of another vessel, which makes it possible to save people not only from submarines, but also from other vessels without involving external rescue equipment.

The technical result is achieved, the invention can significantly reduce the time of rescue operations. All elements of the complex can be manufactured industrially.

Claims (9)

1. An underwater rescue complex with embedded multifunctional capsules, comprising at least one capsule module, consisting of at least one external capsule and at least one delivery hatch attached to it, at least one entrance hatch or without it, with at least one controlled lock, with the possibility of their remote tight closing and opening for entry into the capsule, or release capsules, at least one bulkhead, at least one capsule retainer, at least one o recoil device, providing uncoupling and release of the capsule for the ascent of at least one pumping device, providing reception and removal of sea water from the capsules, and made with at least one docking module, consisting of at least one body and at least one butt assembly secured to it, enabling transition into the capsule of the capsule module, at least one butt assembly, providing joint and communication with or without the boat with the possibility of installing modules inside and / if outside the boat, and / or delivery and docking thereto after flooding, intended for the evacuation of people moving out of the boat inside sunken caps through a connecting module or directly, characterized in that it consists of modules with the possibility of joining together and to the boat; that inside the outer capsule of the capsule module at least one inner capsule is placed, similar to the outer one, but having smaller dimensions; that the inner capsule exits through the delivery hatch of the outer capsule; that the outer and inner capsules are joined together by sealed bulkheads; that the capsules are multifunctional, with the possibility of storing and transporting seawater or drinking water, compressed air or breathing mixtures in them, as well as finding people in them to undergo the decompression mode; that brackets are fixed inside the capsules for attaching reinforcing collapsible bulkheads and additional power elements. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one small capsule of the same design or without a delivery hatch can be placed in each inner capsule, while in each small capsule, in turn, can be placed at least one smaller capsule of a similar design or without a delivery hatch, etc. 3. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the docking module is a self-propelled underwater vehicle with the possibility of independent travel, immersion and maneuver for docking with the capsule module and boat. 4. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a surface module, which is a surface vessel of small displacement, used as a tug for collecting modules on the water surface after splashing and docking them in the surface position. 5. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the docking and capsule modules can be delivered to the sunken boat in docked form or separately, with the possibility of subsequent docking directly at the rescue site. 6. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that a cone butt assembly is installed in the docking module with the possibility of introducing boat torpedo tubes into the pipe and transferring people through them from the boat to the docking module. 7. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that in the design of the modules there are small ballast tanks providing a roll and / or trim at the time of docking with the boat. 8. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the capsules do not have access hatches, and the entrance and exit to the capsules is carried out through the delivery hatches. 9. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outside of the modules there are hooks or eyes for fastening rigging cables that provide lifting, loading, transportation and unloading of the capsule, including on the water surface from surface vessels, and / or parachute and brake systems for discharging water from air transport, and inside the modules landing seats are fastened, for which the crew is fastened during landing.

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