RU2466053C1 - Marine ecology-power complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to monitoring of water areas and cleaning it of various contaminations. Proposed marine complex comprises platform, windmill, photocell station, gas holder unit, electrolysis unit, surface water cleaning unit, water composition control lab and weather station, complex components control unit, gantry, set of propeller shafts, navigation bridge, stem with structural connection angles, brushes for collecting surface water, anchor unit, power unit composed of motor-generator set, battery room, and super capacitor station. Platform perimetre is equipped with external hollow bars to carry paddle wheels for ice breaking. Said hollows bars house fluid washing system assembly units and parts fluid inlet of said system is communicated with helical duct. Turbine coupled via reduction gearbox with generator rotor is mounted at duct outlet. Generator output is connected to power unit battery station. Helical duct inlet is communicated with surface water cleaning unit fluid outlet. Additionally, added are hydrological parameter measurement unit and geophysical parameters unit connected via interface with weather station processor unit. Besides, proposed complex incorporates ice fathometer.

EFFECT: expended operating performances, pollution-free power generation.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for monitoring and cleaning water from various contaminants.

Marine ecological stations are known (patents RU 2123476 C1, 12.20.1998 [1], RU 2180366 C2, 03/10/2002 [2], RU 2038422 C2, 06/27/1995 [3], US 5833834 A, 10.10.1998 [4], US 3947333 A, 03/30/1976 [5], US 4080271 A, 03/21/1978 [6], RU No. 2224117 [7]).

The closest in technical essence to the claimed facility is a marine environmental station (MES), designed to combat hydrogen sulfide pollution of the Black Sea, containing a working platform of the complex, a block for deep-water intake, a block for treating deep-sea water, an energy complex, a solar cell, a desulfurization bath, and an electrolysis a bath, a bath for evaporation of sea water, a photolizer, a hydrogen receiver, a fuel chemical element station, etc. ([7]).

The main disadvantage of the known device is the narrow focus of the station, namely it is designed to combat hydrogen sulfide pollution.

Meanwhile, pollution of shallow water and water areas of ports, bays, resort areas with organic waste, including oil products, as well as the insufficient power supply of offshore facilities, especially located at considerable distances from electricity sources, is an equally important environmental factor.

This disadvantage is eliminated in the well-known technical solution, which is a marine environmental and energy complex (patent for utility model RU No. 73398 [8]).

The objective of the known technical solution [8] is: purification of deep sea water, in particular, the Black Sea from hydrogen sulfide pollution; purification of sea water in the coastal zone of the sea, in the waters of ports, sea bays, sanatoriums, etc. from organic pollutants, including petroleum products; receipt of electricity supplying coastal and marine facilities, regardless of geographical location, seasonal, daily and climatic conditions. To accomplish a task, the composition of the device compared to the device [7] includes: a surface water treatment unit, a pollution disposal unit, a water composition control laboratory, a weather station, a unit control and monitoring unit, a gantry crane, propeller shaft unit, a power connecting elbow, safety stem.

The well-known marine environmental and energy complex contains a working platform of the complex, a wind power installation, a solar cell, a gas holder, an electrolysis unit, a surface water treatment unit, a pollution disposal unit, a water composition control laboratory and a weather station, a unit control and monitoring unit, a gantry crane, propeller shaft block, command cabin, safety stem, power connecting angles, cleaning brushes, anchor block. And the power unit consists of an engine-generator compartment, a battery and supercapacitor stations, while the engine-generator compartment contains internal combustion engines powered by hydrogen produced at the complex, and the engines are made with coaxially mounted electric generators with the ability to accumulate and store electricity in the battery and supercapacitor stations, as well as evenly distribute it between consumers, who through the control unit and control the operation of aggregates KSA have electrical connections and ensure the operation of all systems, devices and units of the marine ecological and energy complex. Moreover, the block of office space; control and monitoring unit of the complex; deep water treatment unit; team felling; the observation bridge is mounted on a working platform, which can be performed in the form of pontoons, floating platforms, ships or wave-resistant platforms. The working platform of the complex is installed on 10 sea pontoons, interconnected by regular locks, and in the corners - by power, connecting angles, and is equipped along the perimeter with signaling devices and rescue equipment.

The control and monitoring unit for the operation of the units of the complex is equipped with a control panel, an electrified control system for the operation of units and units of the complex, output devices of the systems, a radio station, television, speakerphone, telephone and mobile communications, security and signal systems, and has electrical connections with all systems, devices and units marine ecological and energy complex.

The rotor of the wind power plant forms two helicond blades resting on the upper and lower hoops, while the rim of the worm wheel, which is meshed with the worm that drives the generator shaft, is attached to the lower hoop, with the possibility of converting kinetic energy into electrical energy, which allows to expand the range of used wind speeds from 0.2 m / s to 50 m / s. The laboratory for monitoring the composition of water is equipped with the ability to determine the degree of contamination of sea water and control its chemical and bacteriological composition in both coastal and deep zones.

The electrolysis unit consists of an electrolysis bath, a system of electrodes, electrolyte preparation devices, a hydrogen and oxygen withdrawal system, a set of inter-electrode busbars with the possibility of producing hydrogen and oxygen from sea water, while hydrogen can be used to operate electrochemical batteries, generator engines operating on hydrogen, generating electricity, and oxygen - in the treatment unit to intensify water treatment by sparging it into water, for example, in a sanatorium x areas, port waters, fish farms, etc.

The solar collector is made in the form of a spiral coil, while its upper part is above the deep water bath, and the lower part is in the deep water bath water with the possibility of heating it. The solar collector is filled with heat transfer fluid circulating under pressure.

The gas holder unit contains two gas holders made in soft design, designed for separate storage of hydrogen and oxygen.

The deep water intake unit contains a deep-water water pump, a set of pipes and a mechanical filter installed at the inlet of the intake pipe.

The surface water purification unit consists of three tanks of aerotanks, made in a flexible design and used to collect and purify surface water, and in each tank of the aerotank, cleaning is carried out by various methods, for example, oxygen bubbling, chemical or ultrasonic.

The photocell station consists of two photocell units mounted in common frames, each of which is made of separate photocell panels, the frames being rotated in two mutually perpendicular planes and in automatic mode, tracking the position of the sun.

The protective stem consists of two gates, each of which is fixed to the power connecting angle, on which devices for opening and closing the gates of the stem are mounted with the possibility of creating an entrance gateway through which contaminated water is drawn into the surface water treatment unit.

The pollution recovery unit includes a sealed high-temperature furnace with treatment devices with the possibility of burning pollutants caught from surface water.

Compared with known similar devices [1-7], the device [8] compares favorably with them. However, the use of the known device is limited mainly to the Black Sea basin. In addition, environmental control has a narrow focus, since the composition of the technical means of environmental monitoring allows you to perform only chemical analysis of water.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to expand the functionality of the marine environmental-energy complex (MEEC).

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the marine ecological and energy complex containing the working platform of the complex, a wind power installation, a solar cell, gas holder, electrolysis unit, a surface water treatment unit, a pollution disposal unit, a water composition control laboratory and a weather station, a control unit and monitoring the operation of the aggregates of the complex, gantry crane, propeller shaft block, command cabin, safety stem, power connecting angles, cleaning brushes, anchor block, meteost nation, a power unit, consisting of an engine-generator compartment, a battery and supercapacitor stations, while the engine-generator compartment contains internal combustion engines operating on hydrogen produced by the complex, and the engines are made with coaxially mounted electric generators with the ability to store and store electricity in the battery and supercapacitor stations, as well as evenly distribute it between consumers who, through the control and monitoring unit the complex has electrical connections and ensures the operation of all systems, devices and assemblies of the marine ecological and energy complex, and the office premises block; control and monitoring unit of the complex; deep water treatment unit; team felling; the observation bridge is mounted on a working platform, which can be in the form of pontoons, floating platforms, ships or wave-resistant platforms, in which, unlike the prototype, the working platform is equipped with remote hollow rods, between which propeller wheels are installed, inside the remote hollow rods are placed components and elements of a pneumatic washing system, the hydraulic input of which is connected to a spiral channel, at the output of which a turbine is installed, coupled through a gearbox with the rotor of the electric generator, in turn is connected to the battery power station unit, and a spiral channel input is connected to the hydraulic output surface water purification unit; the weather station includes equipment for receiving satellite, facsimile and telegraphic meteorological information, an interface unit, a processor unit, a control and display panel, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a temperature and relative humidity sensor, a metrological range visibility sensor, a cloud bottom height sensor, a wind speed and direction sensor ; In addition, a unit for measuring hydrological parameters, a unit for measuring geophysical parameters, and an echo-meter, connected by a unit for interfacing with a processor unit of the weather station, were introduced.

The proposed device is illustrated by drawings (figure 1, 2).

Figure 1. The scheme of the marine environmental and energy complex: 1 - control unit and control unit operation of the complex units (BUKRA); 2 - wind power installation (wind turbine); 3 - laboratory for monitoring the composition of water (LKSV); 4 - the working platform of the complex (RPK); 5 - electrolysis unit (EB); 6 - gantry crane (PC); 7 - block processing deep water (BOGV); 8 - solar collector (SC); 9 - block propeller shafts (BGV); 10 - block office space (BSP); 11 - a bath of deep water (HBV); 12 - gas holder unit (GB); 13 - block abstraction of deep water (BZGV); 14 - power block (SB); 15 - surface water purification unit (BOPV); 16 - weather station (MS); 17 - command cabin (KR); 18 - photocell station (FS); 19 - power connecting elbow (SSU); 20 - protective stem (ZF); 21 - block utilization of pollution (BUZ); 22 - cleaning brushes (OSH); 23 - anchor block (YaB); 24 - unit for measuring hydrological parameters; 25 - block measuring geophysical parameters; 26 - echo-meter; 27 - hollow rods; 28 - paddle wheels; the nodes 29 and the elements 30 of the system of air washing 31, a spiral channel 32; turbine 33, gearbox 34, rotor 35 of the electric generator 36.

Figure 2. The block diagram of the weather station 16. The weather station 16 consists of equipment 37 for receiving satellite, facsimile and telegraph meteorological information, an interface unit 38, a processor unit 39, an ISP 40, an atmospheric pressure sensor 41, a temperature and relative humidity sensor 42, a metrological visibility range sensor 43 , the height sensor of the lower boundary of the clouds 44, the speed sensor and wind direction 45.

The principle of operation and arrangement of blocks 1-15, 17-23 are similar to the prototype.

The control and monitoring unit of the units of the complex (BUKRA) 1 is equipped with a control panel, an electrified system for monitoring the operation of units and units of the complex, output devices of the systems, a radio station, television, speakerphone, telephone and mobile communications, security and alarm systems. It has electrical connections and ensures the operation of all systems, devices and units of the marine environmental-energy complex (MEEC).

Wind power installation (WEC) 2 is designed to produce electricity under the influence of air currents. In this case, the rotors are installed on the power connecting angles 19 of the working platform of the complex 4. The number of installations can vary. The proposed design of wind turbines compares favorably with great efficiency. This is due to the design of the rotor and a new method of converting kinetic energy into electrical energy, which allows us to expand the range of used wind speeds from 0.2 m / s to 50 m / s.

The rotor of this wind turbine forms two helicond blades resting on the upper and lower hoops. At the same time, the rim of the worm wheel, which is meshed with the worm, which drives the shaft of the generator that generates electricity, is attached to the lower hoop.

Electric wind generated by wind turbines is used in the operation of the electrolysis unit 5 to produce hydrogen and oxygen.

Laboratory for monitoring the composition of water (LKSV) 3 is designed to determine the degree of contamination of sea water and control its chemical and bacteriological composition. It provides control both in the coastal and in the deep zones, which allows you to choose the best methods of water treatment, while the concentration of hydrogen sulfide is a determining factor in the treatment of deep water.

The working platform of the complex (RPK) 4 can be performed in the form of pontoons, floating platforms, ships, wave-resistant platforms, etc. The figure shows a variant of a catamaran type platform. It is composed of 10 marine pontoons interconnected by regular locks, and in the corners - by power, connecting angles 19. It serves to accommodate the nodes and blocks of the complex and is equipped around the perimeter with guarding and signaling devices, as well as rescue equipment.

The electrolysis unit (EB) 5 consists of an electrolysis bath, an electrode system, electrolyte preparation devices, a hydrogen and oxygen output system, a set of interconnect bus bars. It is intended for the production of hydrogen and oxygen from sea water, while hydrogen can be used, for example, for the operation of electrochemical power cells, hydrogen-powered generator generators that generate electricity, and oxygen in the treatment unit to intensify water treatment by sparging it into water, for example, in sanatorium zones, port water areas, fish farms, etc.

The portal crane (PC) 6 is mounted on the working platform of complex 4 and is designed for loading and unloading operations, including during installation and dismantling of the intake pipe. At the same time, it also serves to increase the rigidity of the working platform of complex 4.

The deep water treatment unit (BOGV) 7 is designed to produce hydrogen and sulfur by photolysis of hydrogen sulfide vapor. Hydrogen is then supplied to the power unit 14, and sulfur is collected mechanically in the container.

The solar collector (SC) 8 serves to heat the deep water due to forced circulation of the coolant, made, for example, in the form of a spiral coil, with its upper part above the deep water bath 11, and the lower part in the deep water bath water 11.

Block propeller shafts (BGV) 9 is designed to ensure the movement of the complex on the water and consists, for example, of two propeller shafts with electric drives.

The block of office premises (BSP) 10 includes, for example, a dining room, kitchen, bathroom and toilet rooms, a relaxation room, etc., designed to meet the living conditions of the staff of the complex.

The deep water bath (HBV) 11 is designed to collect and store deep sea water.

The gas holder unit (GB) 12 is designed to collect, store and use, if necessary, hydrogen and oxygen. The number of gas holders is determined by the size of the MEEC or its purpose. The figure shows two gas holders. In the presented utility model they are made in soft execution.

The block of deep water intake (BZGV) 13 is designed to transport sea water from various depths from 20 to 200 m. It consists of a mechanical filter and a partitioned intake pipe. The length of the pipeline may vary depending on the location of the station in the water area. Moreover, to hold the pipe in an upright position, it is equipped with an anchor anchor connected to a mechanical filter. The pipeline is made of reinforced composite materials and consists of sections screwed together. The upper end of the assembled pipeline is fixed in the receiving compartment of the deep-water bath 11. Water is supplied using a deep-water water pump.

The power block (SNB) 14 is designed to receive energy and supply consumers to the MEEC, as well as to create its supply on board the complex. It can consist of an engine-generator compartment, a battery and supercapacitor station. In this case, the engine-generator compartment contains internal combustion engines running on hydrogen produced at the complex. Engines are made with coaxially mounted electric generators. The accumulation and storage of electricity is carried out in the battery and supercapacitor stations. The use of battery and supercapacitor stations allows not only to store electrical energy, but also to distribute it evenly between consumers.

All sources of electrical energy have electrical connections with the control unit for monitoring the operation of units of complex 1. The use of several autonomous electrical sources makes it possible to increase the MEEC's independence from the weather, time of year and day, and also generate energy to provide other facilities both at sea and on shore .

The surface water purification unit (BOPV) 15 consists, for example, of aerotank containers. The figure shows three such containers, made in a flexible design. They serve to purify surface water. Moreover, in each aeration tank, cleaning is carried out by various methods, for example, oxygen sparging, chemical or ultrasound. A bridge is installed over the tanks of aerotanks to service the mechanisms for filling and cleaning the tanks of aerotanks. These mechanisms are installed on the bridge for maintenance of aerotank containers and allow the change of treated water and discharge of sludge. Which is then routed through pipes (trays) in a recycling furnace. In furnaces, sludge is subjected to high temperature treatment. The fuel used is hydrogen produced at the MEEC. The product of sludge burning is pitch. This is a high-quality building material used for facing office premises, road structures, etc. It is not hygroscopic, solid, well polished, durable, has a long service life.

Meteorological station (MS) 16 is designed to determine weather conditions at the place of deployment, as well as to provide recommendations on the organization of the complex.

Command cutting (CR) 17 is designed to control the movements of the complex, as well as the organization of the working process of the complex.

Photocell station (FS) 18 is designed to generate electrical energy through the use of solar energy and consists, for example, of two photocell units, each of which is made of separate photocell panels mounted in a common frame.

The location of the solar cells changes automatically in accordance with the change in the angle of incidence of sunlight.

Power connecting angle (SSU) 19 is installed in the case of the use of pontoons in the MEEC. It is designed to connect pontoons in a U-shaped structure, subsequently connected to a catamaran, forming a working platform of the complex. For high-quality fastening, four power connecting squares are used.

Protective stem (inlet lock) (ZF) 20 is designed to draw surface water in order to clean it from surface contaminants in the complex. Protective stem 20 consists of two gates, each of which is fixed to the power connecting elbow 19. On the power connecting elbows 19 mounted devices for opening and closing the gate of the stem. When cleaning coastal waters from organic pollution, the gates open and form an inlet gateway through which polluted water is drawn into the surface water treatment unit 15.

The pollution recovery unit 21 is designed to burn pollution from surface water. It includes a sealed high-temperature furnace with cleaning devices. The furnace uses hydrogen to burn contaminants.

Cleaning brushes 22 are designed to collect surface water contaminants entering the protective stem and transport them to the pollution disposal unit 21. In the proposed utility model, two cleaning brushes are installed 22. They are attached to the working platform of complex 4 at one end and fastened together. Cleaning brushes 22 during operation can move along arcs of circles, raking surface water contaminants to the sumps installed in front of the entrances to the pollution disposal unit 21. In the sumps, water is filtered through nets, and oil products remaining in the nets are sent to high-temperature furnaces.

The anchor block (YaB) 23 is designed to fix the complex in a given place of work. In the proposed version of the utility model, it consists of two anchor positions located at opposite ends of the complex and includes an anchor, an anchor chain, an anchor lift-lowering mechanism, and a control panel. The operation of the MECC can be carried out in several modes, depending on its configuration, offshore location in a bay or at sea, as well as on specific tasks.

At the same time, the MEEC can perform the following functions:

clean coastal areas from organic pollution;

saturate seawater with oxygen;

to lift and purify deep water from hydrogen sulfide;

to generate electricity and provide energy to the objects of the coastal zone or at sea, etc.

Depending on the purpose, the MEEC can perform one or more functions simultaneously.

Electricity is generated by power units and an electrolysis station in parallel in all modes of operation of the MEEC.

In parallel, seawater can be saturated with oxygen.

When cleaning coastal waters from organic pollution, the gates of the protective stem 20 are pulled apart. Water enters the formed sluice, passes through the cleaning brushes 22 and enters the aeration tanks of the surface water treatment unit 15. Where surface water is purified in parallel or sequentially (depending on the type of pollution). Moreover, in each tank of aeration tanks, cleaning is carried out by various methods, for example, oxygen sparging, chemical or ultrasonic. Water purification is carried out in cycles of 2-4 hours, depending on the degree of water pollution. The MEEC does not move during the cleaning cycle. After the cycle is completed, the MEEC moves through the water area until the next cleaning block is filled.

Next, the pollution is fed to the block 21, where it is burned in a sealed high-temperature furnace.

In this mode, the deep water treatment unit 7 does not work, the deep water intake pipe is in the assembled state.

The regime of deserovodorization of deep water begins when the sea depth reaches 100-200 m. The intake pipe is assembled using a gantry crane and lowered to a depth for the intake of sea water saturated with hydrogen sulfide. MEEK is installed at anchors, and the complex begins work on lifting and cleaning deep water from hydrogen sulfide. Deep water enters special baths, where hydrogen sulfide is released due to photolysis and heating by solar collectors. In this mode, the surface water purification unit 15, as a rule, does not work, the protective stem (entrance gate) 20 is closed, and the tanks of aerotanks are collected and dehydrated. In the mode of energy supply of coastal zone objects or offshore objects with electric energy, the MEEC can moor to the shore or offshore objects.

The main advantages of MEEC are:

purification of deep sea water, in particular, the Black Sea, from hydrogen sulfide pollution;

obtaining environmentally friendly electric energy;

ensuring environmental safety of coastal areas through the cleaning and disposal of water areas;

obtaining high-quality building materials for road structures and cladding of buildings;

obtaining liquid hydrogen as a fuel for coastal road transport;

obtaining oxygen and supplying them with coastal zones of fish farming and seafood enterprises;

obtaining crystalline sulfur.

In contrast to the prototype, weather station 16 provides the receipt, processing, registration, display and delivery to consumers of the following information:

- hydrometeorological environmental parameters;

- meteorological information from meteorological artificial satellites (MISS) such as "Meteor", "NOAA" in the form of images of the underlying surface and cloud cover of the Earth;

- facsimile and telegraph information from radio meteorological centers (RMC).

Hardware and software devices provide:

a) measurement, calculation, display and registration of the following hydrometeorological environmental parameters:

- apparent wind speed (for a drifting platform);

- directions of the apparent wind (for a drifting platform);

- true wind speed;

- true wind directions;

- atmospheric pressure;

- air temperature;

- relative humidity;

- the height of the lower boundary of the clouds;

- meteorological (optical) range of visibility;

b) reception, processing and display of hydrometeorological information received from the Meteor, NOAA MISS in the international analogue APT format, facsimile and telegraph information from RMC, received in FAX and RTTY formats.

The error in the development of parameters during the implementation of new features is shown in the table.

Name, designation of the parameter Range Margin of error for P = 0.95 1. The speed of the apparent wind W, m / s from 1 to 50 ± (0.50 + 0.05W) 2. The direction of the apparent wind, hail from 0 to 360 ± 6.0 (at W more than 5 m / s) 3. True wind speed V, m / s from 1 to 50 ± (0.50 + 0.07V) 4. The direction of the true wind, hail from 0 to 360 ± 7.0 (at V more than 5 m / s) 5. Atmospheric pressure, GPa from 880 to 1050 ± 0.5 6. Air temperature, ° C from minus 40 to 50 ± 0.5 7. Relative humidity at temperatures from minus 20 to 50 ° C,% from 30 to 100 ± 8.0 8. The height of the lower boundary of the clouds h, m from 15 to 5000 ± (15.00 + 0.05h) 9. Meteorological (optical) range of visibility S, m from 10 to 5000 ± (10.0 + 0.28)

The period of updating the displayed information about the current values of the parameters of the apparent and true wind, atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity, the height of the lower boundary of the clouds and the meteorological (optical) visibility range does not exceed 5 s.

The calculation of the “true” wind parameters is carried out by measuring the parameters of the “apparent” wind and data on the heading, speed and coordinates of the drifting platform, obtained from a system like “LADOGA-11430” (installed additionally on drifting platforms) through the interface unit 38. Moreover, the speed The “true” wind is calculated for a fixed point with the geographical coordinates of the drifting platform, and the direction is relative to the direction to the North. According to the results of measurement and calculation of wind parameters, the product displays the values of the minimum, average and maximum speed of the "apparent" and "true" wind for periods of 2 and 10 minutes. When installing weather station 16 on stationary platforms, the speed of the "true" wind is determined.

Weather station 16 provides reception of information on geographical coordinates (latitude, longitude), speed and course of the platform when it is drifting from the receiver of the satellite navigation system and inertial navigation system included in the Ladoga-11430 type system, and provides meteorological information to consumers in the IEC standard 1162-1, receiving signals in the APT format from meteorological satellites in the range from 135 to 138 MHz with a frequency tuning step of 0.01 MHz, processing and displaying the received information, and also provides receiving and processing facsimile (in FAX format) and telegraph (in RTTY format) hydrometeorological information received by the radio receiver from transmitting radio meteorological centers.

Reception, processing, accumulation, registration and display of satellite, facsimile and telegraph meteorological information, as well as an array of data of hydrometeorological parameters, are carried out using computing means of a device for receiving and displaying information with the following technical characteristics:

- processor clock speed, MHz, not less than 300;

- the amount of RAM is not less than 128 MB;

- the amount of video memory is at least 16 MB;

- the volume of the information carrier on the hard disk is at least 4.1 GB;

- the volume of the information carrier on the floppy disk is 1.44 MB;

- sound card;

- network board.

Interfaces include:

- 6 serial ports RS-232/422;

- 1 parallel port (LPT);

- PS / 2 port for connecting the trackball manipulator.

The processor unit 39 is a wall-mounted instrument cabinet that provides power to wind speed and direction sensors 45, atmospheric pressure sensors 41, temperature and relative humidity sensors 42, meteorological (optical) visibility ranges 43, and also provides current information from the above sensors and from the height sensor of the lower boundary of the clouds 44, processes and issues it for visual display to the operator on the control panel and display 40 and, if necessary, on remote t blo consumers and transmits via the interface unit 38 to the system information of consumers. The wind speed and direction sensor 45 contains a measuring transducer and two anemometric measuring sensors: - wind speed (anemometer) and wind direction (weather vane). The wind speed sensor consists of a three-cup impeller rotated by the wind. A perforated disk with holes is installed on one axis with the impeller, which, when the impeller rotates, blocks the light beam of the optoelectronic converter. The frequency of the pulses generated by the optoelectronic converter is proportional to the speed of rotation of the impeller.

The sensitive element of the wind direction sensor is a weather vane, oriented in the direction of the wind. A perforated disk with holes is mounted on the axis of rotation. The optoelectronic converter takes a readout of the angular position of the disc in increments of 5.6 ° and provides a digital code for the position of the wind vane in the form of a Gray code. The measuring transducer converts discrete readings into a linearly varying current for current measuring channels of speed and wind direction in the BP-3 unit.

The wind speed and direction sensor 45 contains a heating element that turns on the thermal relay when the temperature drops below 4 ° C and maintains the necessary operating temperature inside the sensor and eliminates the formation of ice.

The atmospheric pressure sensor 41 is a digital barometer, the sensitive element of which is a silicon diaphragm, operating on the principle of converting atmospheric pressure into frequency.

The temperature and relative humidity sensor 42 contains a measuring transducer and sensing elements (a platinum resistance sensor and a quartz humidity transducer of capacitive type).

Temperature and humidity change the resistance value and capacitance of the transducer of the sensing element and are converted by the measuring transducer into linearly varying analog signals proportional to the measured temperature and humidity.

The meteorological (optical) visibility range sensor 43 contains an optical transmitter — an LED infrared (IR) emitter and a sensitive photodiode receiver. The receiver and transmitter are installed at a certain angle to each other and at a certain distance. Assessment of meteorological (optical) visibility is carried out by measuring the attenuation of infrared light caused by scattering and absorption in a fixed probed space. After analyzing the scattered signal intensity by the built-in processor device, the measured scattering value is converted into an indicator of the optical visibility range and transmitted in the ASCII digital code via the communication line.

The cloud bottom height sensor 44 is an optical pulsed laser probing the airspace in the vertical direction with a pulse of 100 ns duration with an energy of 1.6 μJ. The heterogeneity of the airspace in the vertical direction (clouds, fog, precipitation) causes a reflection of the probe pulse, which is received by the sensor receiver. Based on the delay time between the sending of the probe pulse and the arrival of the reflected signal, the sensor processor calculates the height of the lower boundary of the clouds and issues it to the processor unit 39 in the form of a digital code via the RS-485 interface line.

Weather station 16 provides the following modes of operation:

- mode of receiving information from MISS;

- mode of receiving fax cards and telegrams;

- measurement mode of hydrometeorological parameters;

- operation control mode.

The mode of receiving information from MISS provides obtaining images of the underlying surface and cloud cover of the Earth, performed in the visible and infrared ranges by MISZ equipment of the METEOR, NOAA type and transmitted by a narrow-band frequency-modulated signal in the meter band 135-138 MHz. The mode is selected by the operator and is carried out by a software complex (KPO) of the “SATELLITE” type installed on the control and display device.

When the MISS is in the radio visibility zone, the signal emitted by the satellite transmitter is received by the MB antenna, amplified by the antenna amplifier and fed through the cable to the input of the main (or standby) reception channel. Each receiving channel contains an N-89M type radio receiver and a G-223M-type frequency synthesizer block. The local oscillator signal is synthesized in accordance with the control code supplied to the synthesizer of the main or standby channels through the main (or standby) COM port of the ISU. KPO "SATELLITE" produces control codes that select the receive channel (primary or backup), which sets the tuning frequency and the on and off times of the receive channel for organizing a session of receiving information from MISS.

The low-frequency analog APT signal received by the N-89M primary (or backup) radio receiver is converted to a serial digital stream in the G-223M unit and output to the primary or backup outputs of the receive channel. The digital stream of the main (or backup) channel from the output of the reception channel is supplied respectively to the connectors of the ISP COM port and is written to the hard disk using software, converted to the appropriate graphic format and displayed on the monitor screen. Information exchange between the ISP and the reception channel is carried out via the RS-232 interface.

Functionally SPO AWP GMU is divided into the following blocks:

a) Units of the primary processing device that perform the following functions:

- analog-to-digital video signal conversion;

- averaging over the range and number of pulses;

- correction of signals depending on the angles of pitching and pitching and yaw coming from the NK;

- turning on the Kontur-K radar and controlling the antenna scanning modes by elevation;

b) The units of the secondary processing device (SVR) carry out the recognition of meteorological phenomena, the display and transmission of information to consumers. The configuration of the circuit solution allows you to solve all of the above problems using special software (STR).

Open source software consists of separate software modules that perform certain functions of receiving, processing, presenting meteorological information, as well as controlling the radar and transmitting this information through the user server.

When working at AWP GMU, the following software tools are used:

- operating system (OC), WINDOWS 95, 98, 2000;

- ADLink 9812 ADC board drivers for WINDOWS 98 or 2000;

- drivers for the RS 485 board.

The mode of receiving fax weather maps or the mode of receiving telegrams (text messages) is provided by KPO FAX (FAX-MAR) and KPO TLG (RTTY) installed on the control and indication device of the ISP and selected by the operator. Facsimile meteorological maps and telegrams are transmitted by radio meteorological centers in the short-wave range, respectively, with frequency-modulated FM-FAX and RTTY signals.

The FM-FAX or RTTY signal received by the Brigantine-type radio receiver (RPU) is demodulated and output to the input connector of the interface unit 38 in the form of a low-frequency audio signal with amplitude-frequency (AFM) modulation.

The matching device of the interface unit 38 provides galvanic isolation and normalization of the signal from the RPU. From the output connector of the interface unit 38, the signal is fed to the LINE IN connector of the audio signal processing controller 40 built into the control and display panel 40, where it is synchronized, digitized, converted to a graphic format, recorded on the hard disk, and displayed on the monitor screen as fax or text cards messages.

The received information can be printed on an A4 printer connected to the LPT connector, or on a color A3 printer connected to the USB connector of the control and display panel 40.

The measurement mode of the hydrometeorological parameters consists in measuring the current values of the meteorological parameters by sensors, converting them into digital or analog electrical signals and transmitting them via cable lines to the processor unit 39. Current information from the sensors is fed to the input connectors of the processor unit 39, processed and transmitted digitally respectively, from the output connectors to the control and display panel 40 and remote display panels, to the interface unit 38 for broadcast to other consumers . Simultaneously, the processing, display and documentation of information is carried out by the control and display panel 40 connected to the output socket of the processor unit 39.

When installing sensors on a drifting platform, the information processing algorithm in the processor unit 39 is constructed in such a way that information on wind parameters, relative air humidity and temperature is selected and issued to consumers from sensors located on the windward side of the drifting platform. Such an algorithm allows to reduce the measurement error introduced by the structural elements of the platform.

When the platform moves, its own speed and the course of the platform are added to the physical parameters of the speed and direction of the true wind, as a result of which the sensor measures and provides the parameters of the "apparent" wind. Based on the speed and heading data received from the navigation systems through the interface unit 38, the processor unit 39 implements an algorithm for converting the results of the measurement of the "apparent" wind into the parameters of the "true" wind and issues them for display. (According to the algorithm, the speed of the "true" wind is calculated for a fixed point with the geographic coordinates of the ship, and the direction is relative to the direction to the North.)

The current values of the main meteorological parameters are displayed on the monitor screen of the control and display panel 40 in the form of an information window generated by software like "Hydrometeopost".

Structurally, the product is a hardware-software complex that functionally combines the equipment for receiving satellite, facsimile and telegraph meteorological information (ASFTI), equipment for monitoring hydrometeorological parameters (AHMP) and means for interfacing these components with navigation systems, sensors and users of hydrometeorological information of the platform.

ASFTI equipment provides information reception from MISZ and radio meteorological centers, processing, storing, documenting and displaying it on the monitor screen of the control and indication panel 40.

AKGMP equipment measures environmental parameters, processes them, displays measurement data on the monitor screen of the control and display panel 40.

The hardware of the product is interconnected by high-frequency and signal cables, communication, control and power cables.

The equipment for receiving satellite, facsimile and telegraph meteorological information (ASFTI) functionally combines:

- device antenna MB;

- receiving channels, which are a block for receiving and processing information of type B-2361M;

- device for receiving and displaying information (UPRI);

- rack of registrars.

The antenna device MB is a collapsible construction of a rack-mount type, which consists of an antenna in the form of a wave cross-shaped vibrator and a base stand with a casing in which the antenna amplifier is located.

Antenna amplifier (AU) provides amplification of the RF signal received by the antenna to a level that provides compensation for signal attenuation in the coaxial cable connecting the antenna MB device and the radio receiver. The power is supplied to the AU via a coaxial cable from the radio receiver. At the base, the MB antenna terminates with an installation flange with holes for bolts to the horizontal installation site.

The antenna device MB (output of the antenna amplifier) is connected to the unit for receiving and processing information.

The information receiving and processing unit is made in the form of a structure mounted on depreciation supports. Five removable blocks are installed in the block:

- two blocks of the frequency synthesizer type G-223M;

- two radio receivers of universal type N-89M;

- Power Supply.

On the front side, these blocks are closed by a common door. On the top panel of the unit there are power fuses, a power switch and connectors. On the front panels of removable blocks there are control LEDs, digital indicators, input and output small-sized RF connectors.

A device for receiving and displaying information includes:

- control and display device 40 with a keyboard and trackball manipulator;

- two uninterruptible power supply units;

- two distribution boxes.

The control and indication device 40 is a small-sized computer complex, the system unit and monitor of which are combined in a single design, to which a keyboard and trackball manipulator are connected. On the back wall of the control and display device are connectors for power, keyboard, trackball and external devices, as well as a power switch.

Information input devices — CD-ROM drives and 3.5-inch floppy disks — are located under the cover on the front of the control and display instrument 40. The interface unit 38 is structurally an instrument wall cabinet. Functionally, the unit provides communication of the product with the ship’s navigation information systems (about location, course, speed) and meteorological information consumer systems. The multiplexer devices of the interface unit 38 organize the reception of navigation information and issue it to the processor unit 39 AKGMP and to the control panel and display 40.

Weather station 16 operates as follows.

Using measuring sensors, atmospheric parameters are measured, such as current values of true wind, atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity, the height of the lower boundary of the clouds and the meteorological visibility range at spatially separated observation points equipped on oil platforms or loading terminals. Simultaneously with the measurements, information is received from meteorological satellites of the Earth, radio meteorological centers and meteorological locators.

Process measured and received information from external sources of information. When processing information received from several weather radars, the meteorological potential for each station is determined.

Through the meteorological potential, different radars can be compared in terms of their effectiveness for meteorological observations. The greater the potential, the better the station is adapted for meteorological observations (Brylev GB, Gashina SB, Nizdoyminoga GD Radar characteristics of clouds and precipitation. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1986. - 231 s).

When processing information received from radars, information received from a radar having a higher potential is taken as the reference relative to which subsequent processing is performed.

Wind speed, direction and duration are recorded at no less than three altitude levels 3–10 m, 30–150 m (by direct measurements using sensors), 0.5–100 km (indirectly by processing information received from weather radars.

The measured parameters are applied to weather cards received from external sources of information. Seasonal parameters obtained for many years of observation in the area and stored in the ROM of the processor unit 39 are applied to the same cards.

An analysis is carried out for the content of anomalous values characterizing hazardous phenomena by constructing a semi-empirical model of fluctuations in the level of currents and waves depending on the speed, direction and duration of the wind. In this case, the semi-empirical model is verified on the basis of long-term hydrometeorological observations for a specific region.

When forecasting dangerous and especially dangerous phenomena, according to the measurement results, using the geophysical parameters measuring unit 25, including a gravimeter, magnetometer and seismograph, build maps of the distribution of additive readings and identify phenomena characterized by the distribution of anomalous values of additive indicators.

By means of a unit for measuring hydrological parameters 24, including a multi-beam echo sounder, single-beam echo sounder, side-scan sonar, parametric profiler, sound velocity meter in sea water, an acoustic flow velocity meter, hydrosphere sounding is performed to detect anthropogenic pollution of the aquatic environment.

By means of an echo-meter 28, the thickness of ice is determined when operating in the seas of the Arctic Ocean.

The working platform 4 along the perimeter is equipped with remote hollow rods 27, between which the propeller wheels 28 are installed, nodes 29 and elements 30 of the air washing system 31 are placed inside the remote hollow rods 27, the hydraulic input of which is connected to the output of the spiral channel 32, the turbine 33 is installed at the output of articulated through a reducer 34 with a rotor 35 of an electric generator 36, the output of which is connected to the battery station of the power unit 14, and the input of the spiral channel 32 is connected to the hydraulic output of the surface cleaning unit ode 15.

Due to the fact that when using MEES in ice conditions a reliable and uninterrupted power supply is required, the water from the surface water treatment unit 15 enters a spiral channel 32, in which the laminar flow is converted into a rotational turbulent flow, which will spin the turbine 33 installed in the lower part a spiral channel 32. The turbine 33 is coupled through a reducer 34 with a rotor 35 of an electric generator 36, the output of which is connected to the battery station of the power unit 14, which will provide additional th power. The hydraulic outlet of the spiral channel 32 is connected to the inlet of the air washing system 31, which includes heaters and a centrifugal pump for heating water and supplying it to the remote hollow rods 27, equipped with units 29 and elements 30, which are valves, diffusers and nozzles through which heated water is supplied on the ice surface, on which the remote hollow rods are placed 27. The heated water partially melts the ice. After that, the propeller wheels 28 are driven, the working body of which is made in the form of mills, by means of which ice is broken around the working platform 4, which allows the MEES to move to a new area of work.

The implementation of the proposed device is not of technical complexity, since measuring sensors and hardware, units and mechanisms that are widely used or tested can be used.

Information sources

1. Patent RU No. 2143476 C1, 12.20.1998.

2. Patent RU No. 2180366 C2, 03/10/2002.

3. Patent RU No. 2038422 C2, 06/27/1995.

4. US patent No. 5833834 A, 10.10.1998.

5. US patent No. 3947333 A, 03/30/1976.

6. Patent US 4080271 A, 03/21/1978.

7. Patent RU No. 2224117.

8. Patent RU No. 73398U.

Claims (2)

1. Marine ecological and energy complex containing the working platform of the complex, a wind power installation, a photovoltaic station, a gas holder, an electrolysis unit, a surface water treatment unit, a pollution disposal unit, a water composition control laboratory and a weather station, a unit control and monitoring unit, a portal crane, propeller shaft block, command cabin, safety stem, power connecting angles, cleaning brushes, anchor block, power block consisting of an engine-generator compartment a, battery and supercapacitor stations, while the engine-generator compartment contains internal combustion engines running on hydrogen produced at the complex, and the engines are made with coaxially mounted electric generators with the ability to accumulate and store electricity in the battery and supercapacitor stations, as well as evenly distribute it between consumers who, through the control and monitoring unit of the units of the complex, have electrical connections and ensure the operation of all x systems, devices and assemblies of the marine ecological and energy complex, and the office space unit, the complex operation and control unit, the deep water treatment unit, the control cabin, the observation bridge are mounted on a working platform that can be implemented as pontoons, floating platforms, ships or wave-resistant platforms, characterized in that the working platform along the perimeter is equipped with remote hollow rods, between which propeller wheels are installed, nodes and element are placed inside the remote hollow rods nti pneumatic washing system, the hydraulic input of which is connected to a spiral channel, the output of which is installed a turbine, articulated through a gearbox with the rotor of the electric generator, the output of which is connected to the battery station of the power unit, and the input of the spiral channel is connected to the hydraulic output of the surface water treatment unit, an additional block measurement of hydrological parameters, a unit for measuring geophysical parameters, which are connected by means of an interface unit to a processor meteos unit Antium, and put eholedomer. 2. Marine ecological and energy complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the weather station includes equipment for receiving satellite, facsimile and telegraph meteorological information, an interface unit, a processor unit, a remote display, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a temperature and relative humidity sensor, a metrological sensor visibility range, the height sensor of the lower boundary of the clouds, the speed sensor and wind direction.

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