RU2464813C2 - Method for production of flakes from sprouted cereal crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to food concentrate and cereal processing industry and is intended for production of flakes requiring no cooking. The raw material used is represented by food wheat and rye with low sprouting capacity. In order to put the grains out of rest state and enhance their sprouting capacity the grains are heated to a temperature of 55-65°C with short-wave IR-radiation with radiant flux density equal to 32-34 kW/m² during 16-20 sec. The grains are soaked and sprouted for accumulation of the maximum quantity of micronutrients. One performs dehydration with IR-radiation till moisture content is 18-20 % during 88-120 sec with discrete variation of radiant flux density from 81 kW/m² to 8 kW/m² in equal cycles 22-30 sec each, the grains temperature not in excess of 100-102°C. Flattening and additional drying are performed by the convective method during 4-6 min, the drying medium temperature equal; to 98-100°C, until moisture content is 12-14%.

EFFECT: invention enables production of flakes of medical and preventive purpose suitable for long storage so that to ensure preservation of approximately 90-94 % biologically active substances and high consumer worth.

1 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to food-concentrate and grain processing industry and is intended for the production of non-cooking cereals for therapeutic purposes from sprouted cereal crops.

A known method of pre-treatment of seeds in order to increase the ability of germination. The method includes heating the seeds in the sun (for 3-6 days), in a heated room at a temperature of 20-30 ° C or in a grain dryer at a temperature of 34-40 ° C (3-4 hours). This accelerates the passage of post-harvest ripening and leads to the formation of gaps between the cells of the fruit and seed membranes, so that they acquire the ability to pass water and air, which removes the embryo from dormancy. Heating seeds increases germination ability by 20-30% (Kazakov E.D. Grain science with the basics of crop production [Text]: textbooks and study guides for higher education institutions / Kazakov E.D. - 3rd ed., Ext. And revised .-- M .: Kolos, 1983 .-- 352 p. S.54).

Known methods of air-heat treatment can increase the ability of germination by removing organic dormancy and reduce the duration of germination. However, the implementation of known methods requires a considerable time from 3 hours to 6 days, depending on the method used.

The closest in technical essence is a method for producing cereals from cereals and legumes, including moistening the feedstock, germinating to seedlings, bringing to a moisture content of 16-25%, processing with IR radiation, conditioning and additional processing with IR radiation, while the temperature is the surface of the semi-finished product or product 200-300 ° C (RU 2200429 C2, A23L 1/164, 1/20, 03/20/2003. The method of obtaining flakes from cereals and legumes).

The disadvantages of this method include low quality due to the high temperature during drying on the surface of the semi-finished product or product up to 200-300 ° C, which negatively affects the safety of biologically active substances.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of the finished product by preserving biologically active substances and increasing the ability to germinate.

The technical result of the invention is to obtain a high-quality product of long-term storage from germinated cereal crops, which has a therapeutic effect and is ready for use. Reduction of energy consumption during drying by 1.5-2 times. Reduce drying time to 8-10 minutes.

The problem is achieved in that in a method that includes pre-treatment of raw materials with IR radiation, soaking, germinating to the maximum accumulation of biologically active micronutrients, drying with IR radiation to a moisture content of 18-20% for 88-120 seconds with a discrete change in the density of the radiant flux from 81 kW / m ² up to 8 kW / m ^{2 in} equal cycles of 22-30 seconds depending on the initial humidity at a grain temperature of 100-102 ° C, cooling, conditioning and drying in a convective way for 4-6 minutes at a temperature of the drying agent 98 -100 ° C to laziness 12-14%.

Using a discrete change in the density of the radiant flux from 81 to 8 kW / m ² allows you to intensively heat the grain, while the grain temperature does not exceed 102 ° C.

The method is as follows.

As raw materials use food wheat and rye with a low ability to germinate. To remove the grains from the dormant state and increase the germination ability, they are heated to a temperature of 55-65 ° C by short-wave infrared radiation with a radiant flux density of 32-34 kW / m ² for 16-20 seconds. It was experimentally established that pre-treatment of grain with a low germination capacity with IR radiation leads to the removal of grain from the state of organic dormancy, increasing the germination capacity to 90-95%. Wheat and rye grain moisturize, germinate in malt machines in compliance with temperature and humidity conditions. Germination is carried out until the maximum content of micronutrients in the grain is accumulated. Drying is carried out by infrared radiation to a moisture content of 18-20% for 88-120 seconds with a discrete change in the density of the radiant flux from 81 kW / m ² to 8 kW / m ^{2 in} equal cycles of 22-30 seconds depending on the initial humidity, grain temperature does not exceed 100-102 ° C. Flattening and drying by convective method for 4-6 minutes at a temperature of the drying agent 98-100 ° C to a moisture content of 12-14%.

The method is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

Wheat grain is heated to a temperature of 55 ° C by short-wave infrared radiation with a radiation flux density of 32 kW / m ² for 16 sec. Humidify, germinate in malt machines in compliance with temperature and humidity conditions. It is dried by infrared radiation to a moisture content of 18% for 88 sec with a discrete change in the density of the radiant flux from 81 kW / m ² to 8 kW / m ^{2 in} equal cycles of 22 sec at a grain temperature of 100 ° C. They are flattened and dried in a convective manner for 4 minutes at a temperature of a drying agent of 98 ° C to a moisture content of 14%. The content of vitamins B ₁ and B _{2 are} presented in the table.

Example 2

Wheat grain is heated to a temperature of 60 ° C by short-wave infrared radiation with a radiation flux density of 33 kW / m ² for 18 sec. Humidify, germinate in malt machines in compliance with temperature and humidity conditions. It is dried by infrared radiation to a moisture content of 19% for 104 seconds with a discrete change in the density of the radiant flux from 81 kW / m ² to 8 kW / m ^{2 in} equal cycles of 26 seconds at a grain temperature of 101 ° C. They are flattened and dried in a convective manner for 5 minutes at a temperature of a drying agent of 99 ° C to a humidity of 13%. The content of vitamins B ₁ and B _{2 are} presented in the table.

Example 3

Wheat grain is heated to a temperature of 65 ° C by short-wave infrared radiation with a radiation flux density of 34 kW / m ² for 20 seconds. Humidify, germinate in malt machines in compliance with temperature and humidity conditions. It is dried by infrared radiation to a moisture content of 20% for 120 seconds with a discrete change in the density of the radiant flux from 81 kW / m ² to 8 kW / m ^{2 in} equal cycles of 30 seconds at a grain temperature of 102 ° C. They are flattened and dried in a convective manner for 6 minutes at a temperature of a drying agent of 100 ° C to a moisture content of 12%. The content of vitamins B ₁ and B _{2 are} presented in the table.

Example 4

The rye grain is heated to a temperature of 55 ° C by short-wave infrared radiation with a radiant flux density of 32 kW / m ² for 16 seconds. Humidify, germinate in malt machines in compliance with temperature and humidity conditions. It is dried by infrared radiation to a moisture content of 18% for 88 sec with a discrete change in the density of the radiant flux from 81 kW / m ² to 8 kW / m ^{2 in} equal cycles of 22 sec at a grain temperature of 100 ° C. They are flattened and dried in a convective manner for 4 minutes at a temperature of a drying agent of 98 ° C to a moisture content of 14%. The content of vitamins B ₁ and B _{2 are} presented in the table.

Example 5

The rye grain is heated to a temperature of 60 ° C by short-wave infrared radiation with a radiant flux density of 33 kW / m ² for 18 seconds. Humidify, germinate in malt machines in compliance with temperature and humidity conditions. It is dried by infrared radiation to a moisture content of 19% for 104 seconds with a discrete change in the density of the radiant flux from 81 kW / m ² to 8 kW / m ^{2 in} equal cycles of 26 seconds at a grain temperature of 101 ° C. They are flattened and dried in a convective manner for 5 minutes at a temperature of a drying agent of 99 ° C to a humidity of 13%. The content of vitamins B ₁ and B _{2 are} presented in the table.

Example 6

The rye grain is heated to a temperature of 65 ° C by short-wave infrared radiation with a radiation flux density of 34 kW / m ² for 20 seconds. Humidify, germinate in malting machines in compliance with temperature and humidity conditions. It is dried by infrared radiation to a moisture content of 20% for 120 seconds with a discrete change in the density of the radiant flux from 81 kW / m ² to 8 kW / m ^{2 in} equal cycles of 30 seconds at a grain temperature of 102 ° C. They are flattened and dried in a convective manner for 6 minutes at a temperature of a drying agent of 100 ° C to a moisture content of 12%. The content of vitamins B ₁ and B _{2 are} presented in the table

Table Vitamin content The content of vitamins, mg% Wheat Rye one 2 3 four 5 6 B ₁ 0.34 0.36 0.30 0.46 0.52 0.38 B ₂ 0.16 0.26 0.09 0.24 0.44 0.16

Using the proposed method allows to increase the ability to germinate due to preliminary short-term IR heating, to obtain flakes for long-term storage of therapeutic and prescribing purposes while maintaining biologically active substances at the level of 90-94% and high consumer dignity that does not require cooking.

Claims (1)

A method of producing flakes from germinated cereal crops, including pre-processing of raw materials with IR radiation, soaking, germinating to the maximum accumulation of biologically active micronutrients, drying with IR radiation to a moisture content of 18-20% for 88-120 s with a discrete change in the density of the radiant flux from 81 kW / m ² up to 8 kW / m ^{2 in} equal cycles of 22-30 s at a grain temperature of 100-102 ° C, conditioning and drying for 4-6 minutes at a temperature of the drying agent 98-100 ° C to a moisture content of 12-14% .