RU2462567C2 - Architectural construction system of bulk modules to erect buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: system comprises bulk modules arranged in plan as quadrangles. A quadrangle is symmetrical relative to a larger diagonal. Angles making tops, through which a larger diagonal stretches, are equal to accordingly 120° and 60°. Angles making tops, through which a smaller diagonal stretches, are equal to 90°. Modules are arranged so that it is possible to identify a communication zone and/or a functional zone and a life support zone in their volume. The communication zone is formed by walls creating an angle of 120°, and internal partitions of the module arranged in parallel to them. Partitions cut the functional zone. The life support zone is formed by volume of a module making a triangle in plan equal to 60°, cut with the appropriate inner partition.

EFFECT: invention provides for simplicity of use, wide spectrum of application and high mobility.

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Description

The invention relates to the construction, in particular of residential and social buildings, from prefabricated building blocks.

A polygonal architectural system is known, consisting of volumetric prismatic modules, the power frames of which are made in the form of trapezoids, joined to each other during the building layout in such a way that some of their bases form an enclosed circular space inside the building, and others - external walls ( SU No. 524897, CL E04H 1/00, 1976).

The described structural solutions have a number of drawbacks: when developing their architectural and planning solutions, the combination of spatial forms that give a new quality is not used - the power frames of prismatic volume modules when they are combined into a building are not taken into account as pile grillages, which leads to a more complicated and expensive construction of foundations for such houses. The use of traditional layout forms of a building and structures justified for brick walls, self-supporting reinforced concrete panels, concrete blocks brings with it many old drawbacks: inefficient use of materials, building space, underloaded structural elements, corridors unnecessary for housing.

Also known is the architectural and construction system of volumetric modules for the construction of buildings, including volumetric modules made in plan in the form of quadrangles, some side walls of which form the internal enclosed space of the building, while others form its external sides (RU No. 2107137, E04H 1/00, 1996).

The well-known architectural and construction system of three-dimensional modules for the construction of buildings relates mainly to low-rise construction, while it does not fit well into the relief. In addition, it does not have a ready-made system of pedestrian and transport communications, does not scale, is not intended to include various functions in it, and does not have the possibility of vertical growth.

The task to which the proposed technical solution is directed is to expand the functionality of the device both in the field of low-rise and high-rise construction.

The technical result achieved is that ease of use is ensured: it is possible to develop a spatial solution of a building on the basis of ready-made modules in a short time; a wide range of system applications: from low-rise to high-rise buildings, from residential to industrial; scalability of modules (module dimensions, floor height, vertical support pitch are specified or proposed options are used); free planning, with the possibility of choosing a structural system, from the frame system to structural plates; high mobility of the system: it is possible to change the plan of the system, consistent growth of the system, change in the internal structure; universality, modularity of sizes; saving of territory (it is possible to install exploitable roofs with car passages and parking lots that do not require additional sections for these purposes); glazed passages, atriums or open streets for pedestrians or vehicles are laid down in the module plan; adaptability to terrain; focus on nature conservation (exploited roofs with vegetative cover on them instead of those destroyed under the building).

The problem is solved in that the architectural and construction system of volumetric modules for the erection of buildings, including volumetric modules made in plan in the form of quadrangles, some side walls of which form the inner enclosed space of the building, while others form its outer sides, differs in that in volume the module is given a plan in the form of a quadrangle symmetric with respect to the larger diagonal, while the angles that make up the vertices through which the large diagonal passes are equal to 120 ° and 60 °, respectively and the angles that make up the vertices through which the smaller diagonal passes are equal to 90 °, while the modules are configured to highlight in their volume a communication zone and / or a functional zone and a life support zone, the first of which is formed by walls forming an angle of 120 ° and located parallel to them, the internal partitions of the module, cutting off the functional zone, while the life support zone is formed by the volume of the module, which makes up a triangle with a vertex equal to 60 °, cut off by the corresponding internal partition.

A comparison of the features of the claimed solution with the features of analogues and prototype indicates its compliance with the criterion of "novelty."

The features of the characterizing part of the claims solve the following functional tasks:

The signs “... the volumetric module is given in terms of the shape of a quadrangle symmetrical with respect to the larger diagonal, while the angles that make up the vertices through which the large diagonal passes are equal to 120 ° and 60 °, and the angles that make up the vertices through which the smaller diagonal passes are equal 90 ° ... ”provide the possibility of layout of three-dimensional modules of a wide range of planning figures.

Signs indicating that “the modules are configured to allocate a communication zone and / or a functional zone in their volume” make it possible to provide a predetermined layout of the internal space of the modules.

Signs indicating that the communication zone “is formed by walls forming an angle of 120 ° and the internal partitions of the module parallel to them, cutting off the functional zone”, ensure the formation of a communication and functional zone in the module.

Signs indicating that “the zone of the life support is formed by the volume of the module, which makes up a triangle with a vertex equal to 60 °, cut off by the corresponding internal partition”, ensure the formation of the zone of the life support zone.

At the same time, the last and penultimate signs, providing the formation in the volume of the module of the communication zone and the life support zone, at the same time ensure the formation of the functional zone.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows a General view of the module in plan; figure 2 shows a grid of vertical supports with a modular grid for the layout of vertical supports and the division of the module into zones; figure 3 and figure 4 shows a scheme for testing the layout of the building according to the planning grid based on the quadrangular shape of the building in plan and the option of dividing the building into zones.

The drawings show the first side walls 1, the second side walls 2, a large diagonal 3 passing through peaks 4 and 5, peaks 6 and 7 through which a smaller diagonal 8 passes, the location of the vertical supports 9, communication 10 and / or functional 11 zone , internal partitions 12 and 14, life support zone 13, building 15 and its external sides 16.

The volume module is made in the form of a quadrangle with the first side walls 1 and second side walls 2. The shape of the module in plan (see Fig. 1) is symmetrical with respect to the larger diagonal 3, while the angles making up the vertices 4 and 5 through which the large diagonal 3 passes are equal to 120 ° and 60 °, respectively, and the angles that make up the vertices 6 and 7, through which the smaller diagonal 8 passes, are 90 °. Since the module plan is conditionally divided into two equal parts with respect to the larger diagonal 3 - rectangular triangles with legs 1, 2 and hypotenuse - the larger diagonal 3 of the quadrangle are formed in the plan. Both legs are divided into seven and four parts (see figure 2), respectively, for large 2 and small 1 leg. The exact ratio of legs is 1.73, used to build a figure in the plan. When dividing the legs into parts, a rounded value of 1.75 is used. When perpendiculars are laid off from each leg from the points obtained by dividing the legs into seven and four parts, a grid is formed orthogonal within its sections separated by a long diagonal 3. In total, eleven parts are postponed for 2 legs, each of which can be called a vertical step module supports (in the drawings, dots indicate the locations of the vertical supports 9). This parameter is variable and is set by the designer to achieve the required size of the quadrangle module. Thus, scalability of the modules of the quadrangle is achieved. The pitch module of the vertical supports will depend on the required step of the vertical supports. Examples of the standard pitch module of vertical supports: 6; 7.2; 8; 9 meters. Other sizes are possible.

The modules are configured to isolate in their volume a communication zone 10 and / or a functional zone 11, the first of which is formed by the first side walls 1, forming an angle of 120 °, and the internal partitions 12 parallel to them, cutting off the functional zone 11. Moreover, the life support zone 13 forms the volume of the module, constituting in terms of a triangle with a vertex equal to 60 °, cut off by the corresponding internal partition 14.

A spatial system of volume modules can be used to design buildings of a polygonal shape in plan from the same volume modules according to a system defined in the plan.

In the process of building buildings in a known manner prepare the foundation of the structure.

It is planned to combine the modules of the quadrangle into different figures. When combined, the module of the vertical supports of each side of the quadrangular module will correspond to the step module of the vertical supports of either side of the other quadrangular module with the same sizes of both quadrangles. Examples of figures formed on the basis of the layout of quadrangular modules in plan: equilateral triangle, square, hexagon, ring-shaped figures, etc. When combining modules in plan, communication zones of 10 neighboring modules can be joined by ends. The dimensions of the communication zone 10 (width, length) can be different and are set by the designer. However, the allocation of a communication zone is not necessary.

The modules are arranged vertically by stacking them on top of each other. Requirement - the vertical supports of 9 overlying levels (floors) must be arranged accordingly to the axes of the underlying levels in order to optimize the structural system. However, other options are possible.

When working out the layout of the building 15 (architectural volume) of a rather complex shape, a modular grid is used (see Figs. 3, 4), which is the projection of the module walls onto the building area, when the projections of the outer sides 16 of the same architectural volume are simultaneously the projections of the outer sides of with them other architectural volumes. In this case, it is immediately possible to determine the required number of modules.

Claims (1)

An architectural and construction system of volumetric modules for the construction of buildings, including volumetric modules made in plan in the form of quadrangles, some side walls of which form the inner enclosed space of the building, while others form its outer sides, characterized in that the volumetric module is given a quadrangular shape in plan symmetric with respect to the larger diagonal, with the angles making up the vertices through which the large diagonal passing being equal to 120 and 60 °, respectively, and the angles making up the vertices through k a smaller diagonal, equal to 90 °, the modules are made with the possibility of isolating in their volume a communication zone and / or a functional zone and a life support zone, the first of which is formed by walls forming an angle of 120 ° and the internal partitions of the module parallel to them, cutting off a functional zone, while the life support zone is formed by the volume of the module, which makes up a triangle in plan with a peak equal to 60 °, cut off by the corresponding internal partition.

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